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Huang H, Liu Y, Wen Z, Chen C, Wang C, Li H, Yang X. Gut microbiota in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:261. [PMID: 38402385 PMCID: PMC10893726 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota are closely related to prostate cancer. This study aims to assess the gut microbiota composition in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy participants, thereby advancing understanding of gut microbiota's role in prostate cancer. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and pertinent data were analyzed. The kappa score assessed interrater agreement. RESULTS This study encompassed seven research papers, involving 250 prostate cancer patients and 192 controls. The kappa was 0.93. Meta-analysis results showed that alpha-diversity of gut microbiota in prostate cancer patients was significantly lower than in the control group. In terms of gut microbiota abundance, the ratio of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides was higher in prostate cancer patients. Conversely, the abundance ratio of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonella, and Megasphaera was higher in the control group. CONCLUSION Our study reveals differences in alpha-diversity and abundance of gut microbiota between patients with prostate cancer and controls, indicating gut microbiota dysbiosis in those with prostate cancer. However, given the limited quality and quantity of selected studies, further research is necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Huang
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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2
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Lu X, Shang L, Zhou Z, Chen X, Li S, Cheng S, Song Y. The tremendous clinical potential of the microbiota in the treatment of breast cancer: the next frontier. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12513-12534. [PMID: 37382675 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Although significant advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC) in recent years, BC remains the most common cancer in women and one of the main causes of death among women worldwide. Currently, more than half of BC patients have no known risk factors, emphasizing the significance of identifying more tumor-related factors. Therefore, we urgently need to find new therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the microbiota is present in a wider range of cancers beyond colorectal cancer. BC and breast tissues also have different types of microbiotas that play a key role in carcinogenesis and in modulating the efficacy of anticancer treatment, for instance, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. In recent years, studies have confirmed that the microbiota can be an important factor directly and/or indirectly affecting the occurrence, metastasis and treatment of BC by regulating different biological processes, such as estrogen metabolism, DNA damage, and bacterial metabolite production. Here, we review the different microbiota-focused studies associated with BC and explore the mechanisms of action of the microbiota in BC initiation and metastasis and its application in various therapeutic strategies. We found that the microbiota has vital clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of BC and could be used as a biomarker for prognosis prediction. Therefore, modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites might be a potential target for prevention or therapy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanxi Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiangshi Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lingmin Shang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhaoyue Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shaoqiang Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yanni Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Miya TV, Marima R, Damane BP, Ledet EM, Dlamini Z. Dissecting Microbiome-Derived SCFAs in Prostate Cancer: Analyzing Gut Microbiota, Racial Disparities, and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4086. [PMID: 37627114 PMCID: PMC10452611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be the most diagnosed cancer and the second primary cause of fatalities in men globally. There is an abundance of scientific evidence suggesting that the human microbiome, together with its metabolites, plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and has a significant impact on the efficacy of anticancer interventions in solid and hematological cancers. These anticancer interventions include chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies. Furthermore, the microbiome can influence systemic and local immune responses using numerous metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Despite the lack of scientific data in terms of the role of SCFAs in PCa pathogenesis, recent studies show that SCFAs have a profound impact on PCa progression. Several studies have reported racial/ethnic disparities in terms of bacterial content in the gut microbiome and SCFA composition. These studies explored microbiome and SCFA racial/ethnic disparities in cancers such as colorectal, colon, cervical, breast, and endometrial cancer. Notably, there are currently no published studies exploring microbiome/SCFA composition racial disparities and their role in PCa carcinogenesis. This review discusses the potential role of the microbiome in PCa development and progression. The involvement of microbiome-derived SCFAs in facilitating PCa carcinogenesis and their effect on PCa therapeutic response, particularly immunotherapy, are discussed. Racial/ethnic differences in microbiome composition and SCFA content in various cancers are also discussed. Lastly, the effects of SCFAs on PCa progression via epigenetic modifications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabiso Victor Miya
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Level 7, Bridge E, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Elisa Marie Ledet
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Makkena VK, Jaramillo AP, Awosusi BL, Ayyub J, Dabhi KN, Gohil NV, Tanveer N, Hussein S, Pingili S, Khan S. Probing the Relationship Between the Human Gut Microbiome and Prospects of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43892. [PMID: 37746426 PMCID: PMC10511825 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate neoplasia is one of the most commonly occurring neoplasias in males and has a high mortality rate. Prostate cancer (PCA) risk factors include tall stature, male sex, known family history, obesity, high blood pressure, lack of fitness, higher levels of testosterone for a long time, increasing age, and ethnicity are well known. The association and role of the gut microbiota in different diseases in our body have been highlighted recently. Therefore, finding the influence of gut microbiota on the prostatic cells can be useful for preventing prostatic neoplasia and/or reducing its severity. We aimed to assess its impact on PCA risk. We thoroughly searched databases for the relevant literature for our systematic review. The final research papers analyzed how bacteria played a role in the risk of PCA, either through inflammation or the production of metabolites that increase/decrease the risk of PCA. Based on the studies reviewed, we found that some gut bacteria play a role in the formation of PCA. In contrast, some bacteria can help prevent PCA, but the metabolism of the dietary components is the major factor for PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Krishna Makkena
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Arturo P Jaramillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Machala, ECU
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Babatope L Awosusi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Javaria Ayyub
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Karan Nareshbha Dabhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Namra V Gohil
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, IND
| | - Nida Tanveer
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sally Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shravya Pingili
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Safeera Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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5
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Zhou BG, Yu Q, Jiang X, Mei YZ, Ding YB, Wang M. Association between inflammatory bowel disease and risk of incident prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:168. [PMID: 37310514 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Numerous observational studies have been conducted to investigate the potential association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and prostate cancer (PCa). However, a definitive conclusion has yet to be established. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between these two conditions. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify all relevant cohort studies that investigated the association between IBD and risk of incident PCa published from inception to February 2023. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated as effect size for the outcome based on random-effects model meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 18 cohort studies with 592,853 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that IBD was linked to an elevated risk of incident PCa (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.37, P = 0.004). Further subgroup analyses revealed that ulcerative colitis (UC) was linked to an increased risk of incident PCa (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38, P = 0.006), while Crohn's disease (CD) is not significantly associated with a higher risk of PCa (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91-1.17, P = 0.65). There was a significant correlation between IBD and an elevated risk of incident PCa in the European population, but such a correlation was not observed in the Asian and North American populations. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our results were robust. CONCLUSIONS Our latest evidence indicates that IBD was linked to an elevated risk of incident PCa, especially in UC patients and the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Gang Zhou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Xinwu District Xinrui Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Bing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Oseni SO, Naar C, Pavlović M, Asghar W, Hartmann JX, Fields GB, Esiobu N, Kumi-Diaka J. The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3110. [PMID: 37370720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence fostering the recent paradigm shift towards unraveling and understanding the functional roles and clinical significance of the novel and relatively underexplored inflammatory molecules and pathways that could become potential therapeutic targets in managing prostatic diseases. In this review article, we exclusively discuss the causal and molecular drivers of prostatitis, BPH, and prostate tumorigenesis, as well as the potential impacts of microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in promoting prostate pathologies. We specifically focus on the importance of some of the underexplored druggable inflammatory molecules, by discussing how their aberrant signaling could promote prostate cancer (PCa) stemness, neuroendocrine differentiation, castration resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. The potential contribution of the IL1R-TLR-IRAK-NF-κBs signaling molecules and NLR/inflammasomes in prostate pathologies, as well as the prospective benefits of selectively targeting the midstream molecules in the various inflammatory cascades, are also discussed. Though this review concentrates more on PCa, we envision that the information could be applied to other prostate diseases. In conclusion, we have underlined the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that may need to be targeted and/or further investigated to better understand the association between chronic inflammation and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Oluwasina Oseni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Corey Naar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlović
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James X Hartmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and I-HEALTH, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Munteanu R, Feder RI, Onaciu A, Munteanu VC, Iuga CA, Gulei D. Insights into the Human Microbiome and Its Connections with Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092539. [PMID: 37174009 PMCID: PMC10177521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome represents the diversity of microorganisms that live together at different organ sites, influencing various physiological processes and leading to pathological conditions, even carcinogenesis, in case of a chronic imbalance. Additionally, the link between organ-specific microbiota and cancer has attracted the interest of numerous studies and projects. In this review article, we address the important aspects regarding the role of gut, prostate, urinary and reproductive system, skin, and oral cavity colonizing microorganisms in prostate cancer development. Various bacteria, fungi, virus species, and other relevant agents with major implications in cancer occurrence and progression are also described. Some of them are assessed based on their values of prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers, while others are presented for their anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Munteanu
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Richard-Ionut Feder
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Department of NanoBioPhysics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics and Biophysics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Urology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MEDFUTURE, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nuvola G, Santoni M, Rizzo M, Rosellini M, Mollica V, Rizzo A, Marchetti A, Battelli N, Massari F. Adapting to hormone-therapy resistance for adopting the right therapeutic strategy in advanced prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:593-600. [PMID: 37185042 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2207827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The androgen/androgen receptor (AR) axis represents a key driver of treatment resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and targeted agents, and a deeper comprehension of resistance mechanisms is fundamental to adopt effective therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED We review the mechanisms of primary or secondary resistance to hormone therapy (HT) in PCa, especially focusing on available data and emerging evidence. EXPERT OPINION First- and second-generation HT resistance has been associated with several AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms, ranging from the amplification of the AR gene locus to somatic AR mutations and the intratumoral synthesis of androgens from adrenal steroids and cholesterol. As reported in the current review, the development of novel and effective treatments is needed to personalize anticancer therapies in this setting and to finally improve clinical outcomes in patients with HT resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nuvola
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Mimma Rizzo
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico "Don Tonino Bello", Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II-Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italia
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Microbiome in Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010084. [PMID: 36611376 PMCID: PMC9818914 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies on bladder cancer and the microbiome have been conducted so far, useful strains at the species level have not yet been identified. In addition, in the case of urine studies, methodological heterogeneity is too great, and in tissue studies, the species level through shotgun analysis has not been revealed, and studies using stool samples have provided only limited information. In this review, we will review all the microbiome studies related to bladder cancer so far through a systematic review.
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10
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Microbiota-Pain Association; Recent Discoveries and Research Progress. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:29. [PMID: 36474077 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and pain, such as visceral pain, headaches (migraine), itching, prosthetic joint infection (PJI), chronic abdominal pain (CAP), joint pain, etc., has received increasing attention. Several parts of the evidence suggest that microbiota is one of the most important pain modulators and they can regulate pain in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Any alteration in microbiota by diet or antibiotics mediation may characterize a novel therapeutic strategy for pain management. The present study includes the most up-to-date and influential scientific findings on the association of microbiota with pain, despite the fact that the underlying mechanism is not identified in most cases. According to recent research, identifying the molecular mechanisms of the microbiota-pain pathway can have a unique perspective in treating many diseases, even though there is a long way to reach the ideal point. This study will stress the influence of microbiota on the common diseases that can stimulate the pain with a focus on underlying mechanisms.
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11
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Na JE, Kim TJ, Lee YC, Kim JE, Kim ER, Hong SN, Chang DK, Kim YH. Risk of prostate cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221137430. [PMID: 36458049 PMCID: PMC9706079 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221137430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of prostate cancer development. However, these findings are inconsistent, and studies based on Asian populations are limited. OBJECTIVES We compared the risk of prostate cancer according to IBD status using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. DESIGN A population-based retrospective cohort of age-matched 59,044 non-IBD patients and 14,761 IBD patients between January 2009 and December 2011 was analyzed up to December 2017. METHODS The risk of prostate cancer was compared between patients with IBD and controls using the Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6 years, the incidence rate of prostate cancer was 264 per 100,000 person-years in non-IBD patients and 242 per 100,000 person-years in patients with IBD. IBD status was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer compared to non-IBD [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-1.08, p = 0.32). The cumulative incidence of prostate cancer did not differ by IBD status (non-IBD patients versus IBD patients: log-rank p = 0.27; non-IBD patients versus ulcerative colitis versus Crohn's disease: log-rank p = 0.42). In multivariate analysis, age was an independent risk factor for the development of prostate cancer (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In our population-based study, IBD status was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Na
- Department of Medicine, Inje University
Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of
Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of
Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Chan Lee
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced
Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University,
Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center,
Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center,
Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center,
Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center,
Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Microbiota and prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1058-1065. [PMID: 34536504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed non-skin malignancy in male patients, still representing one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Evidence is mounting that suggests the putative role of microbiota in the carcinogenesis as well as in modulating the efficacy and activity of anticancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies) in a large number of hematological and solid tumors. However, few data are available regarding the interactions between prostate cancer and microbiome so far, in particular in terms of the impact of microbiota on disease development, pathogenesis, and response to medical treatments in this genitourinary malignancy. Herein, we provide an overview of current knowledge, novel insights and emerging therapeutic approaches related to gastrointestinal and genitourinary microbiome in prostate cancer patients, especially focusing on available evidence and published trials on this topic.
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13
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Ustianowska K, Ustianowski Ł, Machaj F, Gorący A, Rosik J, Szostak B, Szostak J, Pawlik A. The Role of the Human Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13267. [PMID: 36362056 PMCID: PMC9659276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human physiology developed rapidly in recent years. Moreover, any alteration of this microenvironment could lead to a pathophysiological reaction of numerous organs. It results from the bidirectional communication of the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system, called the gut-brain axis. The signals in the gut-brain axis are mediated by immunological, hormonal, and neural pathways. However, it is also influenced by microorganisms in the gut. The disturbances in the gut-brain axis are associated with gastrointestinal syndromes, but recently their role in the development of different types of pain was reported. The gut microbiome could be the factor in the central sensitization of chronic pain by regulating microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells. Dysbiosis could lead to incorrect immune responses, resulting in the development of inflammatory pain such as endometriosis. Furthermore, chronic visceral pain, associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, could result from a disruption in the gut microenvironment. Any alteration in the gut-brain axis could also trigger migraine attacks by affecting cytokine expression. Understanding the gut microbiome's role in pain pathophysiology leads to the development of analgetic therapies targeting microorganisms. Probiotics, FODMAP diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation are reported to be beneficial in treating visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Independent Laboratory of Invasive Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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14
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Effect of Radium-223 on the Gut Microbiota of Prostate Cancer Patients: A Pilot Case Series Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4950-4959. [PMID: 36286051 PMCID: PMC9600596 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radium-223 (Ra-223) is a targeted nuclear medicine therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. Its major route of elimination is the intestine. There is overwhelming evidence that the gut microbiota is altered by ionizing radiation (IR) from radiotherapy treatments. Nevertheless, it is known that extrapolation of outcomes from radiotherapy to nuclear medicine is not straightforward. The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the effect of Ra-223 on selected important bacteria from the gut microbiota. Stool samples from three prostate cancer patients and two healthy individuals were obtained, processed, and analysed. We specifically measured the relative change of the abundance of important bacteria, determined by the 2−ΔΔC method. We found that Ra-223 influenced the gut microbiota composition. The most relevant changes were increases of Proteobacteria and Atopobacter; and decreases of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium coccoides, and Bacteroides fragilis. Additionally, our experiment confirms that the composition of gut microbiota from prostate cancer patients is altered. No significant correlation was found between each subject’s gut microbiome profile and their clinical indices. Despite its limited sample, the results of this pilot study suggest that ionizing radiation from Ra-223 alters the gut microbiota composition and that the gut microbiota of prostate cancer patients has an increase of the bacteria with known prejudicial effects and a decrease of the ones with favorable effects.
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15
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Desai AS, Sagar V, Lysy B, Weiner AB, Ko OS, Driscoll C, Rodriguez Y, Vatapalli R, Unno K, Han H, Cohen JE, Vo AX, Pham M, Shin M, Jain-Poster K, Ross J, Morency EG, Meyers TJ, Witte JS, Wu J, Abdulkadir SA, Kundu SD. Inflammatory bowel disease induces inflammatory and pre-neoplastic changes in the prostate. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:463-471. [PMID: 34035460 PMCID: PMC8647933 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer, however, the mechanism of how IBD leads to prostate tumorigenesis is not known. Here, we investigated whether chronic intestinal inflammation leads to pro-inflammatory changes associated with tumorigenesis in the prostate. METHODS Using clinical samples of men with IBD who underwent prostatectomy, we analyzed whether prostate tumors had differences in lymphocyte infiltrate compared to non-IBD controls. In a mouse model of chemically-induced intestinal inflammation, we investigated whether chronic intestinal inflammation could be transferred to the wild-type mouse prostate. In addition, mouse prostates were evaluated for activation of pro-oncogenic signaling and genomic instability. RESULTS A higher proportion of men with IBD had T and B lymphocyte infiltration within prostate tumors. Mice with chronic colitis showed significant increases in prostatic CD45 + leukocyte infiltration and elevation of three pro-inflammatory cytokines-TIMP-1, CCL5, and CXCL1 and activation of AKT and NF-kB signaling pathways. Lastly, mice with chronic colitis had greater prostatic oxidative stress/DNA damage, and prostate epithelial cells had undergone cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with an inflammatory-rich, pro-tumorigenic prostatic phenotype which may explain how gut inflammation fosters prostate cancer development in men with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj S Desai
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Sagar
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barbara Lysy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oliver S Ko
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Conor Driscoll
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yara Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rajita Vatapalli
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenji Unno
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huiying Han
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason E Cohen
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda X Vo
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Minh Pham
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Shin
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ketan Jain-Poster
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Ross
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,ICON Central Laboratories, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Morency
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Travis J Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shilajit D Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071742. [PMID: 35885645 PMCID: PMC9315466 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome encodes more than three million genes, outnumbering human genes by more than 100 times, while microbial cells in the human microbiota outnumber human cells by 10 times. Thus, the human microbiota and related microbiome constitute a vast source for identifying disease biomarkers and therapeutic drug targets. Herein, we review the evidence backing the exploitation of the human microbiome for identifying diagnostic biomarkers for human disease. We describe the importance of the human microbiome in health and disease and detail the use of the human microbiome and microbiota metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for multiple diseases, including cancer, as well as inflammatory, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Thus, the human microbiota has enormous potential to pave the road for a new era in biomarker research for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The scientific community needs to collaborate to overcome current challenges in microbiome research concerning the lack of standardization of research methods and the lack of understanding of causal relationships between microbiota and human disease.
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17
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Sarkar P, Malik S, Banerjee A, Datta C, Pal DK, Ghosh A, Saha A. Differential Microbial Signature Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:894777. [PMID: 35865814 PMCID: PMC9294280 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.894777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from other risk factors, chronic inflammation is also associated with the onset of Prostate Cancer (PCa), wherein pathogen infection and tissue microbiome dysbiosis are known to play a major role in both inflammatory response and cancer development. However, except for a few studies, the link between microbes and PCa remained poorly understood. To explore the potential microbiome signature associated with PCa in Indian patients, we investigated differential compositions of commensal bacteria among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing followed by qPCR analyses using two distinct primer sets. Using two independent cohorts, we show that Prevotella copri, Cupriavidus campinensis, and Propionibacterium acnes represent the three most abundant bacteria in diseased prostate lesions. LEfSe analyses identified that while Cupriavidus taiwanensis and Methylobacterium organophilum are distinctly elevated in PCa samples, Kocuria palustris and Cellvibrio mixtus are significantly enriched in BPH samples. Furthermore, we identify that a number of human tumor viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), along with two high-risk human papillomaviruses - HPV-16 and HPV-18, are significantly associated with the PCa development and strongly correlated with PCa bacterial signature. The study may thus offer to develop a framework for exploiting this microbial signature for early diagnosis and prognosis of PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purandar Sarkar
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, New Town, Kolkata, India
| | - Samaresh Malik
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, New Town, Kolkata, India
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chhanda Datta
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Amlan Ghosh
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhik Saha
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, New Town, Kolkata, India
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18
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Kloping YP, Hakim L. Prostate Cancer Microbiome: A Narrative Review of What We Know So Far. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-022-00178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Zhou Z, Turner D, Lilly M, Ou T, Jiang W. Differential Circulating Fungal Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients Compared to Healthy Control Individuals. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2574964. [PMID: 35155686 PMCID: PMC8831061 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2574964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Infection and inflammation play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology and pathogenesis. However, the environmental drivers for PCa are not fully understood. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed circulating fungal microbiome in plasma samples from age and race-matched healthy control men (n = 34) and preoperative PCa patients (n = 31). RESULTS The fungal community in the plasma exhibited differences between individuals with PCa and healthy controls according to the beta diversity; there was no difference in the alpha diversity. Moreover, the relative abundance of several fungi differed between the two study groups from the class to species levels. The most significant differences were Filobasidiales family, Pyronemataceae family, and Cryptococcus ater species, which were enriched in PCa patients compared to controls. The increased Bipolaris genus was associated with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, increased Sordariomycetes class was associated with severe pathological stage, and decreased Phoma herbarum species was associated with disease relapse, compared to corresponding controls. Several fungi from class to species levels were increased in the controls compared to patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show plasma distinct fungal microbiome and its associations with PSA levels, relapse, and pathology stages in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425 SC, USA
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated XuanWu Hospital, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - David Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael Lilly
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tongwen Ou
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated XuanWu Hospital, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425 SC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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20
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Systemic Effects Reflected in Specific Biomarker Patterns Are Instrumental for the Paradigm Change in Prostate Cancer Management: A Strategic Paper. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030675. [PMID: 35158943 PMCID: PMC8833369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as the most common malignancy and second leading cause of death in America. In Europe, PCa is considered the leading type of tumour in 28 European countries. The costs of treating PCa are currently increasing more rapidly than those of any other cancer. Corresponding economic burden is enormous, due to an overtreatment of slowly developing disease on one hand and underestimation/therapy resistance of particularly aggressive PCa subtypes on the other hand. The incidence of metastatic PCa is rapidly increasing that is particularly characteristic for young adults. PCa is a systemic multi-factorial disease resulting from an imbalanced interplay between risks and protective factors. Sub-optimal behavioural patterns, abnormal stress reactions, imbalanced antioxidant defence, systemic ischemia and inflammation, mitochondriopathies, aberrant metabolic pathways, gene methylation and damage to DNA, amongst others, are synergistically involved in pathomechanisms of PCa development and progression. To this end, PCa-relevant systemic effects are reflected in liquid biopsies such as blood patterns which are instrumental for predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services (PPPM/3P medicine) as a new paradigm in the overall PCa management. This strategic review article highlights systemic effects in prostate cancer development and progression, demonstrates evident challenges in PCa management and provides expert recommendations in the framework of 3P medicine.
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21
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Sędzikowska A, Szablewski L. Human Gut Microbiota in Health and Selected Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13440. [PMID: 34948234 PMCID: PMC8708499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the epithelial surfaces of our body, and the digestive tract, respiratory and urogenital systems, are colonized by a vast number of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses. These microbiota, particularly those of the intestines, play an important, beneficial role in digestion, metabolism, and the synthesis of vitamins. Their metabolites stimulate cytokine production by the human host, which are used against potential pathogens. The composition of the microbiota is influenced by several internal and external factors, including diet, age, disease, and lifestyle. Such changes, called dysbiosis, may be involved in the development of various conditions, such as metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroidis and Graves' disease; they can also play a role in nervous system disturbances, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression. An association has also been found between gut microbiota dysbiosis and cancer. Our health is closely associated with the state of our microbiota, and their homeostasis. The aim of this review is to describe the associations between human gut microbiota and cancer, and examine the potential role of gut microbiota in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
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22
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The Role of Microbial Factors in Prostate Cancer Development-An Up-to-Date Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204772. [PMID: 34682893 PMCID: PMC8538262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date studies emphasize the role of human urinary and intestinal microbiome in maintaining urogenital health. Both microbial flora and sexually transmitted pathogens may affect metabolic or immune mechanisms and consequently promote or inhibit prostate carcinogenesis. Hereby, we review the most current evidence regarding the microbial factors and their link to prostate cancer. We conducted a literature search up to December 2020. The microbial impact on prostate cancer initiation and progression is complex. The proposed mechanisms of action include induction of chronic inflammatory microenvironment (Propionibacterium spp., sexually-transmitted pathogens) and direct dysregulation of cell cycle (Helicobacter pylori, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus- KSHV, human papilloma virus 18- HPV18). Suppression of immune cell expression and downregulating immune-associated genes are also observed (Gardnerella vaginalis). Additionally, the impact of the gut microbiome proved relevant in promoting tumorigenesis (Bacteroides massiliensis). Nevertheless, certain microbes appear to possess anti-tumor properties (Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas spp.), such as triggering a robust immune response and apoptotic cancer cell death. The role of microbial factors in prostate cancer development is an emerging field that merits further studies. In the future, translating microbial research into clinical action may prove helpful in predicting diagnosis and potential outcomes of the disease.
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23
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Jaye K, Li CG, Bhuyan DJ. The complex interplay of gut microbiota with the five most common cancer types: From carcinogenesis to therapeutics to prognoses. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 165:103429. [PMID: 34293459 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between human gut microbiota and cancers has been an evolving field of biomedical research in recent years. The gut microbiota is composed of the microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal system that interact with the host to regulate behaviours and biochemical processes within the gut. This symbiotic physiological interaction between the gut and the microbiota plays a significant role in the modulation of gut homeostasis, in which perturbations to the microbiota, also known as dysbiosis can lead to the onset of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we analysed the current literature to understand the role of gut microbiota in the five most prevalent cancer types, namely colon (colorectal), lung, breast, prostate, and stomach cancers. Recent studies have observed the immunomodulatory and anti-tumoural effects of gut microbiota in cancers. Furthermore, gut microbial dysbiosis can induce the release of toxic metabolites and exhibit pro-tumoural effects in the host. The gut microbiota was observed to have clinical implications in each cancer type in addition to regulating the efficacy of standard chemotherapy and natural anticancer agents. However, further research is warranted to understand the complex role of gut microbiota in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognoses of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Jaye
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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24
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Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as adjuvant therapy in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis: a non-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. World J Urol 2021; 39:4373-4379. [PMID: 34213584 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in association with levofloxacin in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). METHODS Patients with CBP referred to our clinic from September 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled. At baseline, the symptomatology was assessed with the NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), while the Meares-Stamey test was used to diagnose the infection. Patients were randomized (1:1) in two groups (A and B). All subjects underwent oral administration of Levoxacin® 500 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Only the patients in Group B underwent oral administration of EcN® 320 mg, twice daily for 4 weeks and then once daily for 8 weeks. After 3 months, each patient repeated the NIH-CPSI questionnaire, while the Meares-Stamey test was repeated at 3 and 6 months in patients who reported persistent symptoms. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded. RESULTS A total of 110 patients were enrolled. After 3 months patients in Group B reported a significantly lower NIH-CPSI score (5.85 ± 3.07 vs. 7.64 ± 3.86; p = 0.009) and biological recurrences rate (9.8 vs. 26.9%; p = 0.043). At 6 months the biological recurrences rate was significantly lower in Group B (8.7 vs. 28.9%; p = 0.038). Only three patients in Group A and six in Group B (p = 0.25) complained mild AEs. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with EcN and levofloxacin allows a better control of symptoms and biological recurrences in patients with CBP, without worsening the safety of the treatment.
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25
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Santoni M, Miccini F, Battelli N. Gut microbiota, immunity and pain. Immunol Lett 2020; 229:44-47. [PMID: 33248167 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between microbiota and nervous system has been associated with a variety of diseases, including stress, anxiety, depression and cognition. The growing body of evidences on the essential role of gut microbiota in modulating acute and chronic pain has opened a new frontier for pain management. Gut microbiota is involved in the development of visceral, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Bacterial alterations due to chronic opioid administration have been directly related to the development of drug tolerance, which can be potentially restored by the use of probiotics and antibiotics. In this review we describe the mechanisms underlying the brain/gut axis and the relationship between gut microbiota, immunity and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Francesca Miccini
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100, Macerata, Italy
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Crocetto F, Boccellino M, Barone B, Di Zazzo E, Sciarra A, Galasso G, Settembre G, Quagliuolo L, Imbimbo C, Boffo S, Angelillo IF, Di Domenico M. The Crosstalk between Prostate Cancer and Microbiota Inflammation: Nutraceutical Products Are Useful to Balance This Interplay? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2648. [PMID: 32878054 PMCID: PMC7551491 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota shows pivotal roles in urologic health and disease. Emerging studies indicate that gut and urinary microbiomes can impact several urological diseases, both benignant and malignant, acting particularly on prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Indeed, the microbiota exerts its influence on prostate cancer initiation and/or progression mechanisms through the regulation of chronic inflammation, apoptotic processes, cytokines, and hormonal production in response to different pathogenic noxae. Additionally, therapies' and drugs' responses are influenced in their efficacy and tolerability by microbiota composition. Due to this complex potential interconnection between prostate cancer and microbiota, exploration and understanding of the involved relationships is pivotal to evaluate a potential therapeutic application in clinical practice. Several natural compounds, moreover, seem to have relevant effects, directly or mediated by microbiota, on urologic health, posing the human microbiota at the crossroad between prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer development. Here, we aim to analyze the most recent evidence regarding the possible crosstalk between prostate, microbiome, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Health Science “V. Tiberio”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80135 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Giuliana Settembre
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19122 PA, USA;
| | | | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19122 PA, USA;
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27
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051091. [PMID: 32354130 PMCID: PMC7290701 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-related mortality remains high worldwide, despite tremendous advances in diagnostics and therapeutics; hence, the quest for better strategies for disease management, as well as the identification of modifiable risk factors, continues. With recent leaps in genomic technologies, microbiota have emerged as major players in most cancers, including breast cancer. Interestingly, microbial alterations have been observed with some of the established risk factors of breast cancer, such as obesity, aging and periodontal disease. Higher levels of estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer that cross-talks with other risk factors such as alcohol intake, obesity, parity, breastfeeding, early menarche and late menopause, are also modulated by microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the association between known breast cancer risk factors and altered microbiota. An important question related to microbial dysbiosis and cancer is the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in microbiota can support cancer progression. To this end, we review the involvement of microbial metabolites as effector molecules, the modulation of the metabolism of xenobiotics, the induction of systemic immune modulation, and altered responses to therapy owing to microbial dysbiosis. Given the association of breast cancer risk factors with microbial dysbiosis and the multitude of mechanisms altered by dysbiotic microbiota, an impaired microbiome is, in itself, an important risk factor.
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29
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Singh R, Balasubramanian I, Zhang L, Gao N. Metaplastic Paneth Cells in Extra-Intestinal Mucosal Niche Indicate a Link to Microbiome and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:280. [PMID: 32296343 PMCID: PMC7138011 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells are residents of the intestinal epithelium. Abnormal appearance of Paneth cells has been widely documented in non-intestinal tissues within the digestive tract and even observed in non-gastrointestinal organs. Although metaplastic Paneth cells are part of the overarching pathology of intestinal metaplasia (IM), only a fraction of intestinal metaplastic lesions contain Paneth cells. We survey literature documenting metaplastic Paneth cells to gain insights into mechanism underlying their etiologic development as well as their potential relevance to human health. A synthesized view from this study suggests that the emergence of metaplastic Paneth cells at extra-intestinal mucosal sites likely represents a protective, anti-bacterial, and inflammatory response evoked by an altered microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Department of Pathology, Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, NJ, United States
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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30
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Slovin SF. Immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer: has its time arrived? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:481-487. [PMID: 32097050 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1735345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Within the last decade, multiple innovative immune platforms have been developed and tested in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with only one demonstrating a survival benefit. The advent of immunogenomics along with the availability of diverse checkpoint inhibitors provides inroads in treating these patients, in many cases with significant clinical impact but unfortunately not in all patients. How to exploit these novel platforms remains an area of increased interest especially in the setting of new agents that can affect the tumor microenvironment and potentially render a 'cold' tumor to become 'hot.'Areas covered: This review highlights the current changes and challenges in this field and how to best use our current knowledge for better trial designs in patients with mCRPC.Expert opinion: Recent understanding of the inhibitory milieu within the tumor microenvironment has fostered the use of combinatorial strategies that target not only tumor cells but capitalize on controlling inhibitory cell populations and cytokines that induce a hostile setting for immune cells. Immunogenomics and genomic interrogation of prostate cancers have opened a vista as to how patients' tumors that can respond to immune agents that previously were thought have minimal antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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31
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Santoni M, Cimadamore A, Massari F, Piva F, Aurilio G, Martignetti A, Scarpelli M, Di Nunno V, Gatto L, Battelli N, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R. Key Role of Obesity in Genitourinary Tumors with Emphasis on Urothelial and Prostate Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1225. [PMID: 31443386 PMCID: PMC6770077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In human populations, a certain amount of data correlate obesity/body mass index (BMI) with urothelial cancer (UC) and prostate cancer (PCa) occurrence, however this is not fully elucidated at all stages of disease. In an attempt to shed light on uncertain areas in such field, in the present review we illustrate the main molecular mechanisms linking obesity and cancer, focusing on the correlation between obesity and tumor risk, disease progression and response to chemo- and immunotherapy in patients with UC and the predictive/prognostic role of obesity in PCa patients treated with the currently available therapeutic approaches. Methods: We did a large-scale literature search on existing scientific websites focusing on keywords "obesity", "body mass index (BMI)", "urothelial cancer", "prostate cancer", "docetaxel", "cabazitaxel", "abiraterone acetate", "enzalutamide", and "radium223". Results: Many adipocytes-induced molecules support tumor proliferation through activation of various cellular pathways. The available evidence in the postoperative setting do the role of BMI in oncological outcomes prediction still not completely clear. Likewise, in metastatic UC patients controversial results link the role of obesity/BMI with clinical outcomes of tumor response to chemotherapy. Adipose stromal cells recruitment, induced by PCa cells, from white adipose tissue to the tumor sites inducing cell invasiveness was associated with poor survival. Conflicting data, although more oriented towards a better survival outcome, resulted in obese patients treated with docetaxel. In PCa cell-lines a certain cabazitaxel chemo resistance adipose stromal cells (ASC)-mediated was demonstrated. In metastatic castration-resistant PCa patients with high BMI (>25 kg/m2) receiving abiraterone acetate there were significant worse survival outcomes, while in enzalutamide patients BMI did not affect survival outcome. In radium 223 patients higher BMI significantly correlated with favorable overall survival. Conclusions: The main focus of this review was to understand the interplay between obesity/BMI and UC/PCa. Several pathogenic cellular pathways exploring the issue are discussed, opening the way to challenging tailored treatments on the basis of BMI. Improving the knowledge of molecular connections between obesity and UC and PCa could favor the development of new therapies likely reducing chemo- and immunotherapy drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Aurilio
- Medical Division of Urogenital and Head & Neck Cancer, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Martignetti
- Dipartimento Oncologico USL Sud-Est Toscana-Area Senese, 53036 Poggibonsi, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Gatto
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University Medical School, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
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32
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Gevaert T, Cimadamore A, Eckstein M, Scarpelli M, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Montironi R. Predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma: where we stand and where we go. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2199-2202. [PMID: 31213082 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gevaert
- Department of Urology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, AZ Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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33
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Bajic P, Dornbier RA, Doshi CP, Wolfe AJ, Farooq AV, Bresler L. Implications of the Genitourinary Microbiota in Prostatic Disease. Curr Urol Rep 2019; 20:34. [PMID: 31104156 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-019-0904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent investigation into associations between the genitourinary microbiota and prostatic disease. RECENT FINDINGS The genitourinary tract is not sterile. There are microbial communities (microbiota) in each niche of the genitourinary tract including the bladder, prostate, and urethra, which have been the subject of increasing scientific interest. Investigators have utilized several unique methods to study them, resulting in a highly heterogeneous body of literature. To characterize these genitourinary microbiota, diverse clinical specimens have been analyzed, including urine obtained by various techniques, seminal fluid, expressed prostatic secretions, and prostatic tissue. Recent studies have attempted to associate the microbiota detected from these samples with urologic disease and have implicated the genitourinary microbiota in many common conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). In this review, we summarize the recent literature pertaining to the genitourinary microbiota and its relationship to the pathophysiology and management of three common prostatic conditions: BPH, prostate cancer, and CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Bajic
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Ryan A Dornbier
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Chirag P Doshi
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. CTRE Building, Room 224, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ahmer V Farooq
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Larissa Bresler
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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