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Fabi A, Cortesi L, Duranti S, Cordisco EL, Di Leone A, Terribile D, Paris I, de Belvis AG, Orlandi A, Marazzi F, Muratore M, Garganese G, Fuso P, Paoletti F, Dell'Aquila R, Minucci A, Scambia G, Franceschini G, Masetti R, Genuardi M. Multigenic panels in breast cancer: Clinical utility and management of patients with pathogenic variants other than BRCA1/2. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 201:104431. [PMID: 38977141 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multigene panels can analyze high and moderate/intermediate penetrance genes that predispose to breast cancer (BC), providing an opportunity to identify at-risk individuals within affected families. However, considering the complexity of different pathogenic variants and correlated clinical manifestations, a multidisciplinary team is needed to effectively manage BC. A classification of pathogenic variants included in multigene panels was presented in this narrative review to evaluate their clinical utility in BC. Clinical management was discussed for each category and focused on BC, including available evidence regarding the multidisciplinary and integrated management of patients with BC. The integration of both genetic testing and counseling is required for customized decisions in therapeutic strategies and preventative initiatives, as well as for a defined multidisciplinary approach, considering the continuous evolution of guidelines and research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fabi
- Precision Medicine Unit in Senology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Modena Hospital University, Modena Italy (Cortesi)
| | - Simona Duranti
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Lucci Cordisco
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory and Infectious Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- Breast Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Terribile
- Breast Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Paris
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giulio de Belvis
- Value Lab, Faculty of Economics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Critical Pathways and Outcomes Evaluation Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Orlandi
- Unit of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Marazzi
- UOC Oncological Radiotherapy, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Haematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Margherita Muratore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori "Dino Amadori"
| | - Giorgia Garganese
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fuso
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Paoletti
- Critical Pathways and Outcomes Evaluation Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Dell'Aquila
- Critical Pathways and Outcomes Evaluation Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Genomics Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Breast Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Breast Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory and Infectious Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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2
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Gliniewicz K, Kluźniak W, Wokołorczyk D, Huzarski T, Stempa K, Rudnicka H, Jakubowska A, Szwiec M, Jarkiewicz-Tretyn J, Naczk M, Kluz T, Dębniak T, Gronwald J, Lubiński J, Narod SA, Akbari MR, Cybulski C. The APOBEC3B c.783delG Truncating Mutation Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in the Polish Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1329. [PMID: 37510234 PMCID: PMC10379723 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The APOBEC3B gene belongs to a cluster of DNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22 and encodes an activation-induced cytidine deaminase. A large deletion of APOBEC3B was associated with increased breast cancer risk, but the evidence is inconclusive. To investigate whether or not APOBEC3B is a breast cancer susceptibility gene, we sequenced this gene in 617 Polish patients with hereditary breast cancer. We detected a single recurrent truncating mutation (c.783delG, p.Val262Phefs) in four of the 617 (0.65%) hereditary cases by sequencing. We then genotyped an additional 12,484 women with unselected breast cancer and 3740 cancer-free women for the c.783delG mutation. The APOBEC3B c.783delG allele was detected in 60 (0.48%) unselected cases and 19 (0.51%) controls (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.56-1.59, p = 0.94). The allele was present in 8 of 1968 (0.41%) familial breast cancer patients from unselected cases (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.35-1.83, p = 0.74). Clinical characteristics of breast tumors in carriers of the APOBEC3B mutation and non-carriers were similar. No cancer type was more frequent in the relatives of mutation carriers than in those of non-carriers. We conclude the APOBEC3B deleterious mutation p.Val262Phefs does not confer breast cancer risk. These data do not support the hypothesis that APOBEC3B is a breast cancer susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gliniewicz
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | | | - Mariusz Naczk
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical, Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada; (S.A.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Mohammad R. Akbari
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada; (S.A.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (W.K.); (D.W.); (T.H.); (K.S.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.D.); (J.G.); (J.L.)
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3
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Roberts E, Howell S, Evans DG. Polygenic risk scores and breast cancer risk prediction. Breast 2023; 67:71-77. [PMID: 36646003 PMCID: PMC9982311 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) are a major component of accurate breast cancer risk prediction and have the potential to improve screening and prevention strategies. PRS combine the risk from Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer in Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and explain over 30% of breast cancer heritability. When incorporated into risk models, the more personalised risk assessment derived from PRS, help identify women at higher risk of breast cancer development and enables the implementation of stratified screening and prevention approaches. This review describes the role of PRS in breast cancer risk prediction including the development of PRS and their clinical application. We have also examined the role of PRS within more well-established risk prediction models which incorporate known classic risk factors and discuss the interaction of PRS with these factors and their capacity to predict breast cancer subtypes. Before PRS can be implemented on a population-wide scale, there are several challenges that must be addressed. Perhaps the most pressing of these is the use of PRS in women of non-White European origin, where PRS have been shown to have attenuated risk prediction both in discrimination and calibration. We discuss progress in developing and applying PRS in non-white European populations. PRS represent a significant advance in breast cancer risk prediction and their further development will undoubtedly enhance personalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Roberts
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sacha Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Nightingale/Prevent Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Nightingale/Prevent Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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4
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Tao W, Wang S, Xu A, Xue Y, Wang H, Xu H. 18F-FDG Micro PET/CT imaging to evaluate the effect of BRCA1 knockdown on MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell radiosensitivity. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101517. [PMID: 35985202 PMCID: PMC9411683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 gene knockdown improves the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. BRCA1 gene knockdown combination with radiotherapy downregulates multiple biomarkers of poor prognosis. 18F-FDG Micro PET/CT imaging was able to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of the BRCA1 gene in vitro experiment.
Objective Radioresistance of tumor cells is a major factor associated with failure of radiotherapy (RT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of BRCA1 knockdown on MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell radiosensitivity. Materials and methods Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knockdown BRCA1 gene in MDA-MB231 cells. Cell viability and proliferative capacity were assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. We established xenograft models in nude mice to evaluate tumor volume and tumor weight. The mice were imaged by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before and after RT to evaluate changes in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and tumor SUVmax/muscle SUVmax (TMR). Changes in HIF-1α, Glut-1 and Ki-67 were analyzed and the correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and tumor biology was analyzed. Results Compared with the control cells, RT significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation capacity in cells with the BRCA1 gene knockdown. In vivo assays showed that there was obvious delay in the tumor growth in the shBRCA1+RT group compared with the control group. 18F-FDG Micro PET/CT indicated a reduction in glucose metabolism in the shBRCA1+RT group, with statistically significant differences in both the SUVmax and TMR. The data showed the expression of HIF-1α, Glut-1 and Ki-67 was downregulated in the shBRCA1+RT group, and both SUVmax and TMR had significant correlation with tumor biology. Conclusion These results demonstrated that BRCA1 knockdown improves the sensitivity of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells to RT. In addition, 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging allows non-invasive analysis of tumor biology and assessment of radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Alei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yangyang Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China.
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5
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Hawsawi YM, Shams A, Theyab A, Abdali WA, Hussien NA, Alatwi HE, Alzahrani OR, Oyouni AAA, Babalghith AO, Alreshidi M. BARD1 mystery: tumor suppressors are cancer susceptibility genes. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:599. [PMID: 35650591 PMCID: PMC9161512 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 (BARD1) gene encodes a 777-aa protein. BARD1 displays a dual role in cancer development and progression as it acts as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. Structurally, BARD1 has homologous domains to BRCA1 that aid their heterodimer interaction to inhibit the progression of different cancers such as breast and ovarian cancers following the BRCA1-dependant pathway. In addition, BARD1 was shown to be involved in other pathways that are involved in tumor suppression (BRCA1-independent pathway) such as the TP53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. However, there are abundant BARD1 isoforms exist that are different from the full-length BARD1 due to nonsense and frameshift mutations, or deletions were found to be associated with susceptibility to various cancers including neuroblastoma, lung, breast, and cervical cancers. This article reviews the spectrum of BARD1 full-length genes and its different isoforms and their anticipated associated risk. Additionally, the study also highlights the role of BARD1 as an oncogene in breast cancer patients and its potential uses as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target for cancer susceptibility testing and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M Hawsawi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center- Research Center, KFSH&RC, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia. .,College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anwar Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed A Abdali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center- Research Center, KFSH&RC, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed A Hussien
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E Alatwi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman R Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Departement of biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Bolck HA, Przetocka S, Meier R, von Aesch C, Zurfluh C, Hänggi K, Spegg V, Altmeyer M, Stebler M, Nørrelykke SF, Horvath P, Sartori AA, Porro A. RNAi Screening Uncovers a Synthetic Sick Interaction between CtIP and the BARD1 Tumor Suppressor. Cells 2022; 11:643. [PMID: 35203293 PMCID: PMC8870135 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CtIP is best known for its role in DNA end resection to initiate DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination. Recently, CtIP has also been shown to protect reversed replication forks from nucleolytic degradation upon DNA replication stress. However, still little is known about the DNA damage response (DDR) networks that preserve genome integrity and sustain cell survival in the context of CtIP insufficiency. Here, to reveal such potential buffering relationships, we screened a DDR siRNA library in CtIP-deficient cells to identify candidate genes that induce synthetic sickness/lethality (SSL). Our analyses unveil a negative genetic interaction between CtIP and BARD1, the heterodimeric binding partner of BRCA1. We found that simultaneous disruption of CtIP and BARD1 triggers enhanced apoptosis due to persistent replication stress-induced DNA lesions giving rise to chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, we observed that the genetic interaction between CtIP and BARD1 occurs independently of the BRCA1-BARD1 complex formation and might be, therefore, therapeutical relevant for the treatment of BRCA-defective tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella A. Bolck
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (H.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.v.A.); (C.Z.); (K.H.)
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Przetocka
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (H.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.v.A.); (C.Z.); (K.H.)
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roger Meier
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (S.F.N.)
| | - Christine von Aesch
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (H.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.v.A.); (C.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Christina Zurfluh
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (H.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.v.A.); (C.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Kay Hänggi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (H.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.v.A.); (C.Z.); (K.H.)
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Vincent Spegg
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (V.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Stebler
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (S.F.N.)
| | - Simon F. Nørrelykke
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (S.F.N.)
| | - Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Biological Research Center (BRC), 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandro A. Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (H.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.v.A.); (C.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Antonio Porro
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (H.A.B.); (S.P.); (C.v.A.); (C.Z.); (K.H.)
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7
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Zhu Q, Huang J, Huang H, Li H, Yi P, Kloeber JA, Yuan J, Chen Y, Deng M, Luo K, Gao M, Guo G, Tu X, Yin P, Zhang Y, Su J, Chen J, Lou Z. RNF19A-mediated ubiquitination of BARD1 prevents BRCA1/BARD1-dependent homologous recombination. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6653. [PMID: 34789768 PMCID: PMC8599684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimers act in multiple steps during homologous recombination (HR) to ensure the prompt repair of DNA double strand breaks. Dysfunction of the BRCA1 pathway enhances the therapeutic efficiency of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in cancers, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this sensitization to PARPi are not fully understood. Here, we show that cancer cell sensitivity to PARPi is promoted by the ring between ring fingers (RBR) protein RNF19A. We demonstrate that RNF19A suppresses HR by ubiquitinating BARD1, which leads to dissociation of BRCA1-BARD1 complex and exposure of a nuclear export sequence in BARD1 that is otherwise masked by BRCA1, resulting in the export of BARD1 to the cytoplasm. We provide evidence that high RNF19A expression in breast cancer compromises HR and increases sensitivity to PARPi. We propose that RNF19A modulates the cancer cell response to PARPi by negatively regulating the BRCA1-BARD1 complex and inhibiting HR-mediated DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hongyang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peiqiang Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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8
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Do BARD1 Mutations Confer an Elevated Risk of Prostate Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215464. [PMID: 34771627 PMCID: PMC8582358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Current cancer testing gene panels tend to be comprehensive. One of the genes commonly included in the testing panels is BARD1. To establish whether BARD1 mutations predispose to prostate cancer, we sequenced BARD1 in 390 hereditary prostate cancer cases, genotyped 5715 men with unselected prostate cancer and 10,252 controls for three recurrent rare BARD1 variants in Poland. We did not see an elevated prostate risk cancer given p.Q564X truncating mutation, p.R658C missense mutation and p.R659= synonymous variant. Neither variant influenced prostate cancer characteristics or survival. Our study is the first to evaluate the association between BARD1 mutations and prostate cancer susceptibility. It is not justified to inform men about increased prostate cancer risk in case of identification of a BARD1 mutation. However, a female relative of a man with a BARD1 mutation may benefit from this information and be tested, because BARD1 is a breast cancer susceptibility gene. Abstract The current cancer testing gene panels tend to be comprehensive rather than site-specific. BARD1 is one of the genes commonly included in the multi-cancer testing panels. Mutations in BARD1 confer an increase in the risk for breast cancer, but it is not studied whether or not they predispose to prostate cancer. To establish if BARD1 mutations also predispose to prostate cancer, we screened BARD1 in 390 Polish patients with hereditary prostate cancer. No truncating mutations were identified by sequencing. We also genotyped 5715 men with unselected prostate cancer, and 10,252 controls for three recurrent BARD1 variants, including p.Q564X, p.R658C and p.R659=. Neither variant conferred elevated risk of prostate cancer (ORs between 0.84 and 1.15, p-values between 0.57 and 0.93) nor did they influence prostate cancer characteristics or survival. We conclude that men with a BARD1 mutation are not at elevated prostate cancer risk. It is not justified to inform men about increased prostate cancer risk in case of identification of a BARD1 mutation. However, a female relative of a man with a BARD1 mutation may benefit from this information and be tested for the mutation, because BARD1 is a breast cancer susceptibility gene.
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Russi M, Marson D, Fermeglia A, Aulic S, Fermeglia M, Laurini E, Pricl S. The fellowship of the RING: BRCA1, its partner BARD1 and their liaison in DNA repair and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108009. [PMID: 34619284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its partner - the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) - are key players in a plethora of fundamental biological functions including, among others, DNA repair, replication fork protection, cell cycle progression, telomere maintenance, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, mutations in their encoding genes transform them into dangerous threats, and substantially increase the risk of developing cancer and other malignancies during the lifetime of the affected individuals. Understanding how BRCA1 and BARD1 perform their biological activities therefore not only provides a powerful mean to prevent such fatal occurrences but can also pave the way to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Thus, through this review work we aim at presenting the major efforts focused on the functional characterization and structural insights of BRCA1 and BARD1, per se and in combination with all their principal mediators and regulators, and on the multifaceted roles these proteins play in the maintenance of human genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russi
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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10
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Laraqui A, Cavaillé M, Uhrhammer N, ElBiad O, Bidet Y, El Rhaffouli H, El Anaz H, Rahali DM, Kouach J, Guelzim K, Badaoui B, AlBouzidi A, Oukabli M, Tanz R, Sbitti Y, Ichou M, Ennibi K, Sekhsokh Y, Bignon YJ. Identification of a novel pathogenic variant in PALB2 and BARD1 genes by a multigene sequencing panel in triple negative breast cancer in Morocco. J Genomics 2021; 9:43-54. [PMID: 34646395 PMCID: PMC8490085 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.61713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA genes have been mainly associated with an increasing risk of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The contribution of PVs in non-BRCA genes to TNBC seems likely since the processing of homologous recombination repair of double-strand DNA breaks involves several genes. Here, we investigate the susceptibility of genetic variation of the BRCA and non-BRCA genes in 30 early-onset Moroccan women with TNBC. Methods: Targeted capture-based next generation sequencing (NGS) method was performed with a multigene panel testing (MGPT) for variant screening. Panel sequencing was performed with genes involved in hereditary predisposition to cancer and candidate genes whose involvement remains unclear using Illumina MiSeq platform. Interpretation was conducted by following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG-AMP) criteria. Results: PVs were identified in 20% (6/30) of patients with TNBC. Of these, 16.7% (5/30) carried a BRCA PV [10% (3/30) in BRCA1, 6.7% (2/30) in BRCA2] and 6.6% (2/30) carried a non-BRCA PV. The identified PVs in BRCA genes (BRCA1 c.798_799delTT, BRCA1 c.3279delC, BRCA2 c.1310_1313del, and BRCA2 c.1658T>G) have been reported before and were classified as pathogenic. The identified founder PVs BRCA1 c.798_799del and BRCA2 c.1310_1313delAAGA represented 10% (3/30). Our MGPT allowed identification of several sequence variations in most investigated genes, among which we found novel truncating variations in PALB2 and BARD1 genes. The PALB2 c.3290dup and BARD1 c.1333G>T variants are classified as pathogenic. We also identified 42 variants of unknown/uncertain significance (VUS) in 70% (21/30) of patients with TNBC, including 50% (21/42) missense variants. The highest VUS rate was observed in ATM (13%, 4/30). Additionally, 35.7% (15/42) variants initially well-known as benign, likely benign or conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity have been reclassified as VUS according to ACMG-AMP. Conclusions: PALB2 and BARD1 along with BRCA genetic screening could be helpful for a larger proportion of early-onset TNBC in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Laraqui
- Unité de séquençage, Centre de virologie, des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Biosécurité P3, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mathias Cavaillé
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Oubaida ElBiad
- Unité de séquençage, Centre de virologie, des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, Ecologie et Génome, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Yannick Bidet
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hicham El Rhaffouli
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Biosécurité P3, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Hicham El Anaz
- Unité de séquençage, Centre de virologie, des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Driss Moussaoui Rahali
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Jaouad Kouach
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Khaled Guelzim
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Bouabid Badaoui
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, Ecologie et Génome, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abderrahman AlBouzidi
- Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat 10000, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Oukabli
- Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat 10000, Maroc
| | - Rachid Tanz
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Yasser Sbitti
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Ichou
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Khaled Ennibi
- Unité de séquençage, Centre de virologie, des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Yassine Sekhsokh
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Biosécurité P3, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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11
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BARD1 Autoantibody Blood Test for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070969. [PMID: 34201956 PMCID: PMC8305152 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological cancer. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor chances for successful treatment. An accurate blood test for the early detection of OC could reduce the mortality of this disease. Methods: Autoantibody reactivity to 20 epitopes of BARD1 and concentration of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were assessed in 480 serum samples of OC patients and healthy controls. Autoantibody reactivity and CA125 were also tested for 261 plasma samples of OC with or without mutations in BRCA1/2, BARD1, or other predisposing genes, and healthy controls. Lasso statistic regression was applied to measurements to develop an algorithm for discrimination between OC and controls. Findings and interpretation: Measurement of autoantibody binding to a number of BARD1 epitopes combined with CA125 could distinguish OC from healthy controls with high accuracy. This BARD1-CA125 test was more accurate than measurements of BARD1 autoantibody or CA125 alone for all OC stages and menopausal status. A BARD1-CA125-based test is expected to work equally well for average-risk women and high-risk women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). Although these results are promising, further data on well-characterised clinical samples shall be used to confirm the potential of the BARD1-CA125 test for ovarian cancer screening.
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12
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Dai L, Dai Y, Han J, Huang Y, Wang L, Huang J, Zhou Z. Structural insight into BRCA1-BARD1 complex recruitment to damaged chromatin. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2765-2777.e6. [PMID: 34102105 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The BRCA1-BARD1 complex directs the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway choice to error-free homologous recombination (HR) during the S-G2 stages. Targeting BRCA1-BARD1 to DSB-proximal sites requires BARD1-mediated nucleosome interaction and histone mark recognition. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of BARD1 bound to a ubiquitinated nucleosome core particle (NCPUb) at 3.1 Å resolution and illustrate how BARD1 simultaneously recognizes the DNA damage-induced mark H2AK15ub and DNA replication-associated mark H4K20me0 on the nucleosome. In vitro and in vivo analyses reveal that the BARD1-NCPUb complex is stabilized by BARD1-nucleosome interaction, BARD1-ubiquitin interaction, and BARD1 ARD domain-BARD1 BRCT domain interaction, and abrogating these interactions is detrimental to HR activity. We further identify multiple disease-causing BARD1 mutations that disrupt BARD1-NCPUb interactions and hence impair HR. Together, this study elucidates the mechanism of BRCA1-BARD1 complex recruitment and retention by DSB-flanking nucleosomes and sheds important light on cancer therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchang Dai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaxin Dai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinhua Han
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Longge Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Royfman R, Whiteley E, Noe O, Morand S, Creeden J, Stanbery L, Hamouda D, Nemunaitis J. BRCA1/2 signaling and homologous recombination deficiency in breast and ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2817-2830. [PMID: 34058833 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who have mutations of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at an increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA1/2 function as tumor suppressor genes, responsible for regulating DNA repair, and play an essential role in homologous recombination. Mutation of BRCA1/2 results in homologous recombination deficiency and genomic instability which drives oncogenesis and cancer proliferation. Recently, BRCA1/2 gene expression has been implicated in regulating immune response. Here we discuss the signaling pathway of BRCA1/2 in relation to breast and ovarian cancer, with emphasis on how dysregulation facilitates the path to malignancy and current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Royfman
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Emma Whiteley
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Olivia Noe
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Susan Morand
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Justin Creeden
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Laura Stanbery
- Gradalis, Inc., Carrollton, Department of Medical Affairs, Carrollton, TX 75006, USA
| | - Danae Hamouda
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Gradalis, Inc., Carrollton, Department of Medical Affairs, Carrollton, TX 75006, USA
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14
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Stok C, Kok Y, van den Tempel N, van Vugt MATM. Shaping the BRCAness mutational landscape by alternative double-strand break repair, replication stress and mitotic aberrancies. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4239-4257. [PMID: 33744950 PMCID: PMC8096281 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours with mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes have impaired double-stranded DNA break repair, compromised replication fork protection and increased sensitivity to replication blocking agents, a phenotype collectively known as 'BRCAness'. Tumours with a BRCAness phenotype become dependent on alternative repair pathways that are error-prone and introduce specific patterns of somatic mutations across the genome. The increasing availability of next-generation sequencing data of tumour samples has enabled identification of distinct mutational signatures associated with BRCAness. These signatures reveal that alternative repair pathways, including Polymerase θ-mediated alternative end-joining and RAD52-mediated single strand annealing are active in BRCA1/2-deficient tumours, pointing towards potential therapeutic targets in these tumours. Additionally, insight into the mutations and consequences of unrepaired DNA lesions may also aid in the identification of BRCA-like tumours lacking BRCA1/BRCA2 gene inactivation. This is clinically relevant, as these tumours respond favourably to treatment with DNA-damaging agents, including PARP inhibitors or cisplatin, which have been successfully used to treat patients with BRCA1/2-defective tumours. In this review, we aim to provide insight in the origins of the mutational landscape associated with BRCAness by exploring the molecular biology of alternative DNA repair pathways, which may represent actionable therapeutic targets in in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Stok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick P Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van den Tempel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Daniyal A, Santoso I, Gunawan NHP, Barliana MI, Abdulah R. Genetic Influences in Breast Cancer Drug Resistance. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2021; 13:59-85. [PMID: 33603458 PMCID: PMC7882715 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s284453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in adult women aged 20 to 50 years. The therapeutic regimens that are commonly recommended to treat breast cancer are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, and systemic chemotherapy. The selection of pharmacotherapy is based on the characteristics of the tumor and its hormone receptor status, specifically, the presence of HER2, progesterone receptors, and estrogen receptors. Breast cancer pharmacotherapy often gives different results in various populations, which may cause therapeutic failure. Different types of congenital drug resistance in individuals can cause this. Genetic polymorphism is a factor in the occurrence of congenital drug resistance. This review explores the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and resistance to breast cancer therapy. It considers studies published from 2010 to 2020 concerning the relationship of genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer therapy. Several gene polymorphisms are found to be related to longer overall survival, worse relapse-free survival, higher pathological complete response, and increased disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. The presence of these gene polymorphisms can be considered in the treatment of breast cancer in order to shape personalized therapy to yield better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhitiya Daniyal
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Ivana Santoso
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Nadira Hasna Putri Gunawan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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Śniadecki M, Brzeziński M, Darecka K, Klasa-Mazurkiewicz D, Poniewierza P, Krzeszowiec M, Kmieć N, Wydra D. BARD1 and Breast Cancer: The Possibility of Creating Screening Tests and New Preventive and Therapeutic Pathways for Predisposed Women. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111251. [PMID: 33114377 PMCID: PMC7693009 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current oncological developments are based on improved understanding of genetics, and especially the discovery of genes whose alterations affect cell functions with consequences for the whole body. Our work is focused on the one of these genes, BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1), and its oncogenic role in breast cancer. Most importantly, the study points to new avenues in the treatment and prevention of the most frequent female cancer based on BARD1 research. The BARD1 and BRCA1 (BReast CAncer type 1) proteins have similar structures and functions, and they combine to form the new molecule BARD1-BRCA1 heterodimer. The BARD1-BRCA1 complex is involved in genetic stabilization at the cellular level. It allows to mark abnormal DNA fragments by attaching ubiquitin to them. In addition, it blocks (by ubiquitination of RNA polymerase II) the transcription of damaged DNA. Ubiquitination, as well as stabilizing chromatin, or regulating the number of centrosomes, confirms the protective cooperation of BARD1 and BRCA1 in the stabilization of the genome. The overexpression of the oncogenic isoforms BARD1β and BARD1δ permit cancer development. The introduction of routine tests, for instance, to identify the presence of the BARD1β isoform, would make it possible to detect patients at high risk of developing cancer. On the other hand, introducing BARD1δ isoform blocking therapy, which would reduce estrogen sensitivity, may be a new line of cancer therapy with potential to modulate responses to existing treatments. It is possible that the BARD 1 gene offers new hope for improving breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Śniadecki
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Endocrinology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Prof. Marian Smoluchowski Str. No. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.B.); (D.K.-M.); (M.K.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-337-941
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Endocrinology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Prof. Marian Smoluchowski Str. No. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.B.); (D.K.-M.); (M.K.); (D.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Darecka
- St. Adalbert’s Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Jean Paul 2nd No. 50 Avenue, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Klasa-Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Endocrinology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Prof. Marian Smoluchowski Str. No. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.B.); (D.K.-M.); (M.K.); (D.W.)
| | - Patryk Poniewierza
- Warsaw College of Engineering and Health, The Battle of Warsaw 1920. Str. No. 18, 02-366 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Krzeszowiec
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Endocrinology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Prof. Marian Smoluchowski Str. No. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.B.); (D.K.-M.); (M.K.); (D.W.)
| | - Natalia Kmieć
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Clinical Center in Gdańsk, Prof. Marian Smoluchowski Str. No. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Wydra
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Endocrinology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Prof. Marian Smoluchowski Str. No. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.B.); (D.K.-M.); (M.K.); (D.W.)
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17
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Hodgson A, Turashvili G. Pathology of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:531790. [PMID: 33117676 PMCID: PMC7550871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.531790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome is most commonly characterized by deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. HBOC patients are prone to the development of malignant neoplasms in multiple organs including the breast, ovary, and fallopian tube. From a pathological perspective, a number of morphological features have been described in BRCA-associated breast and tubo-ovarian cancers. For example, breast cancers diagnosed in BRCA1-mutation carriers are frequently of a high Nottingham grade and display medullary morphology and a triple-negative and/or a basal-like immunophenotype. In contrast, breast cancers in BRCA2-mutation carriers are similar to sporadic luminal-type tumors that are positive for hormone receptors and lack expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Cancers arising in the fallopian tube and ovary are almost exclusively of a high-grade serous histotype with frequent Solid, pseudo-Endometrioid, and Transitional cell carcinoma-like morphology (“SET features”), marked nuclear atypia, high mitotic index, abundant tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and necrosis. In addition, pushing or infiltrative micropapillary patterns of invasion have been described in BRCA-associated metastases of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. Besides BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, alterations in a number of other homologous recombination genes with moderate penetrance, including PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, BRIP1, and others, have also been described in HBOC patients with varying frequency; however, distinct morphological characteristics of these tumors have not been well characterized to date. In this review, the above pathological features are discussed in detail and a focus is placed on how accurate pathologic interpretation plays an important role in allowing HBOC patients to receive the best possible management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjelica Hodgson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Alenezi WM, Fierheller CT, Recio N, Tonin PN. Literature Review of BARD1 as a Cancer Predisposing Gene with a Focus on Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E856. [PMID: 32726901 PMCID: PMC7464855 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after the discovery of BRCA1 and BRCA2 over 20 years ago, it became apparent that not all hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome families were explained by germline variants in these cancer predisposing genes, suggesting that other such genes have yet to be discovered. BRCA1-associated ring domain (BARD1), a direct interacting partner of BRCA1, was one of the earliest candidates investigated. Sequencing analyses revealed that potentially pathogenic BARD1 variants likely conferred a low-moderate risk to hereditary breast cancer, but this association is inconsistent. Here, we review studies of BARD1 as a cancer predisposing gene and illustrate the challenge of discovering additional cancer risk genes for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer. We selected peer reviewed research articles that focused on three themes: (i) sequence analyses of BARD1 to identify potentially pathogenic germline variants in adult hereditary cancer syndromes; (ii) biological assays of BARD1 variants to assess their effect on protein function; and (iii) association studies of BARD1 variants in family-based and case-control study groups to assess cancer risk. In conclusion, BARD1 is likely to be a low-moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan M. Alenezi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caitlin T. Fierheller
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Neil Recio
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Patricia N. Tonin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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19
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The Effects of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of BARD1 on the Development of Non-Breast and Non-Gynecological Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070829. [PMID: 32708251 PMCID: PMC7396976 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) gene is a well-characterized tumor suppressor gene, mutations of which are primarily found in women with breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 (BARD1) gene has also been identified as an important tumor suppressor gene in breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Underscoring the functional significance of the BRCA1 and BARD1 interactions, prevalent mutations in the BRCA1 gene are found in its RING domain, through which it binds the RING domain of BARD1. BARD1-BRCA1 heterodimer plays a crucial role in a variety of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, including DNA damage checkpoint and homologous recombination (HR). However, many mutations in both BARD1 and BRCA1 also exist in other domains that significantly affect their biological functions. Intriguingly, recent genome-wide studies have identified various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genetic alterations, and epigenetic modifications in or near the BARD1 gene that manifested profound effects on tumorigenesis in a variety of non-breast and non-gynecological cancers. In this review, we will briefly discuss the molecular functions of BARD1, including its BRCA1-dependent as well as BRCA1-independent functions. We will then focus on evaluating the common BARD1 related SNPs as well as genetic and epigenetic changes that occur in the non-BRCA1-dominant cancers, including neuroblastoma, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, the pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions of different SNPs and BARD1 variants will also be discussed.
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20
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Suszynska M, Kozlowski P. Summary of BARD1 Mutations and Precise Estimation of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risks Associated with the Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070798. [PMID: 32679805 PMCID: PMC7397132 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, numerous BARD1 mutations/pathogenic variants (PVs) have been found in patients with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC). However, their role in BC and OC susceptibility remains controversial, and strong evidence-based guidelines for carriers are not yet available. Herein, we present a comprehensive catalog of BARD1 PVs identified in large cumulative cohorts of ~48,700 BC and ~20,800 OC cases (retrieved from 123 studies examining the whole coding sequence of BARD1). Using these resources, we compared the frequency of BARD1 PVs in the cases and ~134,100 controls from the gnomAD database and estimated the effect of the BARD1 PVs on BC and OC risks. The analysis revealed that BARD1 is a BC moderate-risk gene (odds ratio (OR) = 2.90, 95% CIs:2.25–3.75, p < 0.0001) but not an OC risk gene (OR = 1.36, 95% CIs:0.87–2.11, p = 0.1733). In addition, the BARD1 mutational spectrum outlined in this study allowed us to determine recurrent PVs and evaluate the variant-specific risk for the most frequent PVs. In conclusion, these precise estimates improve the understanding of the role of BARD1 PVs in BC and OC predisposition and support the need for BARD1 diagnostic testing in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-528-503 (ext. 261); Fax: +48-618-520-532
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21
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Piombino C, Cortesi L, Lambertini M, Punie K, Grandi G, Toss A. Secondary Prevention in Hereditary Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Syndromes Other Than BRCA. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:6384190. [PMID: 32733558 PMCID: PMC7376433 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6384190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes are among the best-known and most extensively studied hereditary cancer syndromes. Nevertheless, many patients who proved negative at BRCA genetic testing bring pathogenic mutations in other suppressor genes and oncogenes associated with hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancers. These genes include TP53 in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, PTEN in Cowden syndrome, mismatch repair (MMR) genes in Lynch syndrome, CDH1 in diffuse gastric cancer syndrome, STK11 in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and NF1 in neurofibromatosis type 1 syndrome. To these, several other genes can be added that act jointly with BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the double-strand break repair system, such as PALB2, ATM, CHEK2, NBN, BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D. Management of primary and secondary cancer prevention in these hereditary cancer syndromes is crucial. In particular, secondary prevention by screening aims to discover precancerous lesions or cancers at their initial stages because early detection could allow for effective treatment and a full recovery. The present review aims to summarize the available literature and suggest proper screening strategies for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndromes other than BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piombino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven Kanker Instituut, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Grandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Ginecology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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22
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Tarsounas M, Sung P. The antitumorigenic roles of BRCA1-BARD1 in DNA repair and replication. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:284-299. [PMID: 32094664 PMCID: PMC7204409 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) promotes DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination and protects DNA replication forks from attrition. BRCA1 partners with BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) and other tumour suppressor proteins to mediate the initial nucleolytic resection of DNA lesions and the recruitment and regulation of the recombinase RAD51. The discovery of the opposing functions of BRCA1 and the p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1)-associated complex in DNA resection sheds light on how BRCA1 influences the choice of homologous recombination over non-homologous end joining and potentially other mutagenic pathways of DSB repair. Understanding the functional crosstalk between BRCA1-BARD1 and its cofactors and antagonists will illuminate the molecular basis of cancers that arise from a deficiency or misregulation of chromosome damage repair and replication fork maintenance. Such knowledge will also be valuable for understanding acquired tumour resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and other therapeutics and for the development of new treatments. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in elucidating the mechanisms by which BRCA1-BARD1 functions in DNA repair, replication fork maintenance and tumour suppression, and its therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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23
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Angeli D, Salvi S, Tedaldi G. Genetic Predisposition to Breast and Ovarian Cancers: How Many and Which Genes to Test? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1128. [PMID: 32046255 PMCID: PMC7038038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers are some of the most common tumors in females, and the genetic predisposition is emerging as one of the key risk factors in the development of these two malignancies. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the best-known genes associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. However, recent advances in molecular techniques, Next-Generation Sequencing in particular, have led to the identification of many new genes involved in the predisposition to breast and/or ovarian cancer, with different penetrance estimates. TP53, PTEN, STK11, and CDH1 have been identified as high penetrance genes for the risk of breast/ovarian cancers. Besides them, PALB2, BRIP1, ATM, CHEK2, BARD1, NBN, NF1, RAD51C, RAD51D and mismatch repair genes have been recognized as moderate and low penetrance genes, along with other genes encoding proteins involved in the same pathways, possibly associated with breast/ovarian cancer risk. In this review, we summarize the past and more recent findings in the field of cancer predisposition genes, with insights into the role of the encoded proteins and the associated genetic disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical utility of genetic testing in terms of prevention protocols and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Angeli
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Samanta Salvi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Tedaldi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
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24
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Piccinin C, Panchal S, Watkins N, Kim RH. An update on genetic risk assessment and prevention: the role of genetic testing panels in breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:787-801. [PMID: 31469018 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1659730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In the past 5 years, multi-gene panels have replaced the practice of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing in cases of suspected inherited breast cancer susceptibility. A variety of genes have been included on these panels without certainty of their clinical utility. Pertinent current and historical literature was reviewed to provide an up-to-date snapshot of the changing landscape of the use of gene panel tests in the context of breast cancer. Areas covered: Following a recent review of the evidence, 10 genes have been found to have definitive evidence of increased breast cancer risk with variable penetrance. Here, we review the recent changes to the practice of multi-gene panel use in breast cancer diagnoses, including an update on next generation sequencing, alternative models of genetic testing, considerations when ordering these panel tests, and recommendations for management in identified carriers for a variety of genes. A comparison of screening recommendations and carrier frequencies from recent studies is also explored. Lastly, we consider what the future of hereditary oncologic genetic testing holds. Expert opinion: The transition to multi-gene panels in breast cancer patients has improved the likelihood of capturing a rare variant in a well-established gene associated with hereditary breast cancer (e.g. BRCA1 and BRCA2, TP53). There is also an increase in the likelihood of uncovering an uncertain result. This could be in the form of a variant of uncertain significance, or a pathogenic variant in a gene with questionable breast cancer risk-association. Concurrently, a changing landscape of who orders genetic tests will improve access to genetic testing. This pervasiveness of genetic testing must be accompanied with increased genetic literacy in all health-care providers, and access to support from genetics professionals for management of patients and at-risk family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Piccinin
- Familial Breast Cancer Clinic, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Seema Panchal
- Familial Breast Cancer Clinic, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Nicholas Watkins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| | - Raymond H Kim
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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