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Waseem M, Wang BD. Promising Strategy of mPTP Modulation in Cancer Therapy: An Emerging Progress and Future Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5564. [PMID: 36982637 PMCID: PMC10051994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been progressively a major global health concern. With this developing global concern, cancer determent is one of the most significant public health challenges of this era. To date, the scientific community undoubtedly highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a hallmark of cancer cells. Permeabilization of the mitochondrial membranes has been implicated as the most considerable footprint in apoptosis-mediated cancer cell death. Under the condition of mitochondrial calcium overload, exclusively mediated by oxidative stress, an opening of a nonspecific channel with a well-defined diameter in mitochondrial membrane allows free exchange between the mitochondrial matrix and the extra mitochondrial cytosol of solutes and proteins up to 1.5 kDa. Such a channel/nonspecific pore is recognized as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). mPTP has been established for regulating apoptosis-mediated cancer cell death. It has been evident that mPTP is critically linked with the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase II to defend cellular death and reduce cytochrome c release. However, elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ loading, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial depolarization are critical factors leading to mPTP opening/activation. Although the exact mechanism underlying mPTP-mediated cell death remains elusive, mPTP-mediated apoptosis machinery has been considered as an important clamp and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. In this review, we focus on structure and regulation of the mPTP complex-mediated apoptosis mechanisms and follow with a comprehensive discussion addressing the development of novel mPTP-targeting drugs/molecules in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Song IS, Jeong YJ, Jung Y, Park YH, Shim S, Kim SJ, Eom DW, Hong SM, Lee PCW, Kim SU, Jang SW. The sulfiredoxin-peroxiredoxin redox system regulates the stemness and survival of colon cancer stem cells. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102190. [PMID: 34798428 PMCID: PMC8605387 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) initiate tumor formation and are known to be resistant to chemotherapy. A metabolic alteration in CSCs plays a critical role in stemness and survival. However, the association between mitochondrial energy metabolism and the redox system remains undefined in colon CSCs. In this study, we assessed the role of the Sulfiredoxin-Peroxiredoxin (Srx-Prx) redox system and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in maintaining the stemness and survival of colon CSCs. Notably, Srx contributed to the stability of PrxI, PrxII, and PrxIII proteins in colon CSCs. Increased Srx expression promoted the stemness and survival of CSCs and was important for the maintenance of the mitochondrial OXPHOS system. Furthermore, Nrf2 and FoxM1 led to OXPHOS activation and upregulated expression of Srx-Prx redox system-related genes. Therefore, the Nrf2/FoxM1-induced Srx-Prx redox system is a potential therapeutic target for eliminating CSCs in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Jung
- Futuristic Animal Resource &Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungchenongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource &Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungchenongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter C W Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource &Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungchenongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wuk Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea; Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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Natural Products Targeting the Mitochondria in Cancers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010092. [PMID: 33379233 PMCID: PMC7795732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are abundant sources of anticancer drugs in nature that have a broad prospect in anticancer drug discovery. Natural compounds, with biological activities extracted from plants and marine and microbial metabolites, have significant antitumor effects, but their mechanisms are various. In addition to providing energy to cells, mitochondria are involved in processes, such as cell differentiation, cell signaling, and cell apoptosis, and they have the ability to regulate cell growth and cell cycle. Summing up recent data on how natural products regulate mitochondria is valuable for the development of anticancer drugs. This review focuses on natural products that have shown antitumor effects via regulating mitochondria. The search was done in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, over a 5-year period, between 2015 and 2020, with a keyword search that focused on natural products, natural compounds, phytomedicine, Chinese medicine, antitumor, and mitochondria. Many natural products have been studied to have antitumor effects on different cells and can be further processed into useful drugs to treat cancer. In the process of searching for valuable new drugs, natural products such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, and quinones cover the broad space.
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