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Mo HY, Wang RB, Ma MY, Zhang Y, Li XY, Wen WR, Han Y, Tian T. MTHFD2-mediated redox homeostasis promotes gastric cancer progression under hypoxic conditions. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2345455. [PMID: 38723197 PMCID: PMC11086033 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2345455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to high oxidative stress, but little is known about how metabolic remodeling enables gastric cancer cells to survive stress associated with aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here, we aimed to identify the key metabolic enzymes that protect gastric cancer (GC) cells from oxidative stress. METHODS ROS level was detected by DCFH-DA probes. Multiple cell biological studies were performed to identify the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, cell-based xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were performed to evaluate the role of MTHFD2 in vivo. RESULTS We found that overexpression of MTHFD2, but not MTHFD1, is associated with reduced overall and disease-free survival in gastric cancer. In addition, MTHFD2 knockdown reduces the cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio, colony formation and mitochondrial function, increases cellular ROS and cleaved PARP levels and induces in cell death under hypoxia, a hallmark of solid cancers and a common inducer of oxidative stress. Moreover, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MTHFD2 reduces tumor burden in both tumor cell lines and patient-derived xenograft-based models. DISCUSSION our study highlights the crucial role of MTHFD2 in redox regulation and tumor progression, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting MTHFD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Mo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Bing Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yao Ma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang-Rong Wen
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Abdullah NA, Md Hashim NF, Muhamad Zakuan N, Chua JX. Thioredoxin system in colorectal cancer: Its role in carcinogenesis, disease progression, and response to treatment. Life Sci 2024; 348:122711. [PMID: 38734065 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system is essential for many physiological processes, including the maintenance of redox signalling pathways. Alterations in the activity, expression and interactions with other signalling pathways can lead to protective or pathophysiological responses. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, the two main components of this system, are often overexpressed in cancer, including colorectal cancer. This overexpression is often linked with tumour progression and poor outcomes. This review discusses the role of the Trx system in driving colorectal carcinogenesis and disease progression, as well as the challenges of targeting this system. Additionally, the recent advancements in the development of novel and effective thioredoxin inhibitors for colorectal cancer are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmaryanti Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noraina Muhamad Zakuan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jia Xin Chua
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Martinez-Jaramillo E, Jamali F, Abdalbari FH, Abdulkarim B, Jean-Claude BJ, Telleria CM, Sabri S. Pro-Oxidant Auranofin and Glutathione-Depleting Combination Unveils Synergistic Lethality in Glioblastoma Cells with Aberrant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2319. [PMID: 39001381 PMCID: PMC11240359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and advanced malignant primary brain tumor in adults. GBM frequently harbors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type (EGFRwt) gene amplification and/or EGFRvIII activating mutation. EGFR-driven GBM relies on the thioredoxin (Trx) and/or glutathione (GSH) antioxidant systems to withstand the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The impact of EGFRwt or EGFRvIII overexpression on the response to a Trx/GSH co-targeting strategy is unknown. In this study, we investigated Trx/GSH co-targeting in the context of EGFR overexpression in GBM. Auranofin is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, FDA-approved for rheumatoid arthritis. L-buthionine-sulfoximine (L-BSO) inhibits GSH synthesis by targeting the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) enzyme subunit. We analyzed the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of auranofin and the interaction between auranofin and L-BSO in U87MG, U87/EGFRwt, and U87/EGFRvIII GBM isogenic GBM cell lines. ROS-dependent effects were assessed using the antioxidant N-acetylsteine. We show that auranofin decreased TrxR1 activity and increased ROS. Auranofin decreased cell vitality and colony formation and increased protein polyubiquitination through ROS-dependent mechanisms, suggesting the role of ROS in auranofin-induced cytotoxicity in the three cell lines. ROS-dependent PARP-1 cleavage was associated with EGFRvIII downregulation in U87/EGFRvIII cells. Remarkably, the auranofin and L-BSO combination induced the significant depletion of intracellular GSH and synergistic cytotoxicity regardless of EGFR overexpression. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms associated with cytotoxicity were modulated to a different extent among the three cell lines. U87/EGFRvIII exhibited the most prominent ROS increase, P-AKT(Ser-473), and AKT decrease along with drastic EGFRvIII downregulation. U87/EGFRwt and U87/EGFRvIII displayed lower basal intracellular GSH levels and synergistic ROS-dependent DNA damage compared to U87MG cells. Our study provides evidence for ROS-dependent synergistic cytotoxicity of auranofin and L-BSO combination in GBM in vitro. Unraveling the sensitivity of EGFR-overexpressing cells to auranofin alone, and synergistic auranofin and L-BSO combination, supports the rationale to repurpose this promising pro-oxidant treatment strategy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Martinez-Jaramillo
- Experimental Pathology Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Jamali
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Farah H Abdalbari
- Experimental Pathology Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bassam Abdulkarim
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bertrand J Jean-Claude
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Carlos M Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Siham Sabri
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Yang M, Liu J, Li J, Wen S, Hu Y, Lu W, Liu J, Huang P, Liu P. The rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin exerts potent anti-lymphoma effect by stimulating TXNRD-mediated ROS generation and inhibition of energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103245. [PMID: 38909408 PMCID: PMC11254835 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the survival of lymphoma patients who experience disease progression or relapse remains very poor, new therapeutic approaches and effective drugs are urgently needed. Here we show that auranofin (AF), an anti-rheumatoid drug thought to inhibit thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs) as its mechanism of action, exhibited potent activity against multiple cancer types, especially effective against B cell lymphoma. Surprisingly, a knockdown of TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 did not cause significant cytotoxicity, suggesting that abrogation of TXNRD enzyme per se was insufficient to cause cancer cell death. Further mechanistic study showed that the interaction of AF with TXNRD could convert this antioxidant enzyme to a ROS-generating molecule via disrupting its electron transport, leading to a leak of electrons that interact with molecular oxygen to form superoxide. AF also suppressed energy metabolism by inhibiting both mitochondria complex II and the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH, leading to a significant depletion of ATP and inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we found that the AF-mediated ROS stress could induce PD-L1 expression, revealing an unwanted effect of AF in causing immune suppression. We further showed that a combination of AF with anti-PD-1 antibody could enhance the anticancer activity in a syngeneic immune-competent mouse B-cell lymphoma model. Our study suggests that AF could be a potential drug for lymphoma treatment, and its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors would be a logical strategy to increase the therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Platform of Metabolomics Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Platform of Metabolomics Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Panpan Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Mazumder S, Bindu S, Debsharma S, Bandyopadhyay U. Induction of mitochondrial toxicity by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): The ultimate trade-off governing the therapeutic merits and demerits of these wonder drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116283. [PMID: 38750902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are most extensively used over-the-counter FDA-approved analgesic medicines for treating inflammation, musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, pyrexia and menstrual cramps. Moreover, aspirin is widely used against cardiovascular complications. Owing to their non-addictive nature, NSAIDs are also commissioned as safer opioid-sparing alternatives in acute trauma and post-surgical treatments. In fact, therapeutic spectrum of NSAIDs is expanding. These "wonder-drugs" are now repurposed against lung diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, fungal infections and most notably cancer, due to their efficacy against chemoresistance, radio-resistance and cancer stem cells. However, prolonged NSAID treatment accompany several adverse effects. Mechanistically, apart from cyclooxygenase inhibition, NSAIDs directly target mitochondria to induce cell death. Interestingly, there are also incidences of dose-dependent effects where NSAIDs are found to improve mitochondrial health thereby suggesting plausible mitohormesis. While mitochondria-targeted effects of NSAIDs are discretely studied, a comprehensive account emphasizing the multiple dimensions in which NSAIDs affect mitochondrial structure-function integrity, leading to cell death, is lacking. This review discusses the current understanding of NSAID-mitochondria interactions in the pathophysiological background. This is essential for assessing the risk-benefit trade-offs of NSAIDs for judiciously strategizing NSAID-based approaches to manage pain and inflammation as well as formulating effective anti-cancer strategies. We also discuss recent developments constituting selective mitochondria-targeted NSAIDs including theranostics, mitocans, chimeric small molecules, prodrugs and nanomedicines that rationally optimize safer application of NSAIDs. Thus, we present a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic merits and demerits of NSAIDs with mitochondria at its cross roads. This would help in NSAID-based disease management research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.
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6
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O’Shaughnessy M, Sheils O, Baird AM. The Lung Microbiome in COPD and Lung Cancer: Exploring the Potential of Metal-Based Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12296. [PMID: 37569672 PMCID: PMC10419288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer 17 are two of the most prevalent and debilitating respiratory diseases worldwide, both associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. As major global health concerns, they impose a substantial burden on patients, healthcare systems, and society at large. Despite their distinct aetiologies, lung cancer and COPD share common risk factors, clinical features, and pathological pathways, which have spurred increasing research interest in their co-occurrence. One area of particular interest is the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of these diseases, including the transition from COPD to lung cancer. Exploring novel therapeutic strategies, such as metal-based drugs, offers a potential avenue for targeting the microbiome in these diseases to improve patient outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the lung microbiome, with a particular emphasis on COPD and lung cancer, and to discuss the potential of metal-based drugs as a therapeutic strategy for these conditions, specifically concerning targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O’Shaughnessy
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Han Y, Zhang YY, Pan YQ, Zheng XJ, Liao K, Mo HY, Sheng H, Wu QN, Liu ZX, Zeng ZL, Yang W, Yuan SQ, Huang P, Ju HQ, Xu RH. IL-1β-associated NNT acetylation orchestrates iron-sulfur cluster maintenance and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Mol Cell 2023:S1097-2765(23)00335-0. [PMID: 37244254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key protein in inflammation and contributes to tumor progression. However, the role of IL-1β in cancer is ambiguous or even contradictory. Here, we found that upon IL-1β stimulation, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) in cancer cells is acetylated at lysine (K) 1042 (NNT K1042ac) and thereby induces the mitochondrial translocation of p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF). This acetylation enhances NNT activity by increasing the binding affinity of NNT for NADP+ and therefore boosts NADPH production, which subsequently sustains sufficient iron-sulfur cluster maintenance and protects tumor cells from ferroptosis. Abrogating NNT K1042ac dramatically attenuates IL-1β-promoted tumor immune evasion and synergizes with PD-1 blockade. In addition, NNT K1042ac is associated with IL-1β expression and the prognosis of human gastric cancer. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism of IL-1β-promoted tumor immune evasion, implicating the therapeutic potential of disrupting the link between IL-1β and tumor cells by inhibiting NNT acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China; Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yu Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qian Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yu Mo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Nian Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Xian Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Lei Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Qiang Yuan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China; Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China; Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China; Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
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Allegra A, Murdaca G, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051325. [PMID: 37238995 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good response, immune-based treatments, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, rely on a strong infiltration of T cells into the tumour microenvironment. The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. These immune dysregulation-related tumour-mediated perturbations include oxidative stress, which can encourage lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and T regulatory cells dysfunction. In this review, we have made an effort to characterize the status of immunological checkpoints, the degree of oxidative stress, and the part that latter plays in determining the therapeutic impact of immunological check point inhibitors in different neoplastic diseases. In the second section of the review, we will make an effort to assess new therapeutic possibilities that, by affecting redox signalling, may modify the effectiveness of immunological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Transethosomal Gel for the Topical Delivery of Celecoxib: Formulation and Estimation of Skin Cancer Progression. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010022. [PMID: 36678651 PMCID: PMC9864437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical delivery of therapeutics is a promising strategy for managing skin conditions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors showed a possible target for chemoprevention and cancer management. Celecoxib (CXB) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that impedes cell growth and generates apoptosis in different cell tumors. Herein, an investigation proceeded to explore the usefulness of nano lipid vesicles (transethosomes) (TES) of CXB to permit penetration of considerable quantities of the drug for curing skin cancer. The prepared nanovesicles were distinguished for drug encapsulation efficiency, vesicle size, PDI, surface charge, and morphology. In addition, FT-IR and DSC analyses were also conducted to examine the influence of vesicle components. The optimized formulation was dispersed in various hydrogel bases. Furthermore, in vitro CXB release and ex vivo permeability studies were evaluated. A cytotoxicity study proceeded using A431 and BJ1 cell lines. The expression alteration of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene and DNA damage and fragmentation using qRT-PCR and comet assays were also investigated. Optimized CXB-TES formulation was spherically shaped and displayed a vesicle size of 75.9 ± 11.4 nm, a surface charge of -44.7 ± 1.52 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 88.8 ± 7.2%. The formulated TES-based hydrogel displayed a sustained in vitro CXB release pattern for 24 h with an enhanced flux and permeation across rat skin compared with the control (free drug-loaded hydrogel). Interestingly, CXB-TES hydrogel has a lower cytotoxic effect on normal skin cells compared with TES suspension and CXB powder. Moreover, the level of expression of the CDKN2A gene was significantly (p ≤ 0.01, ANOVA/Tukey) decreased in skin tumor cell lines compared with normal skin cell lines, indicating that TES are the suitable carrier for topical delivery of CXB to the cancer cells suppressing their progression. In addition, apoptosis demonstrated by comet and DNA fragmentation assays was evident in skin cancer cells exposed to CXB-loaded TES hydrogel formulation. In conclusion, our results illustrate that CXB-TES-loaded hydrogel could be considered a promising carrier and effective chemotherapeutic agent for the management of skin carcinoma.
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Optimization of the Solvent and In Vivo Administration Route of Auranofin in a Syngeneic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122761. [PMID: 36559255 PMCID: PMC9783082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antineoplastic activity of the thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) inhibitor, auranofin (AF), has already been investigated in various cancer mouse models as a single drug, or in combination with other molecules. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature on the solvent, dose and administration route of AF treatment in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the solvent and administration route of AF in a syngeneic SB28 glioblastoma (GBM) C57BL/6J and a 344SQ non-small cell lung cancer 129S2/SvPasCrl (129) mouse model. Compared to daily intraperitoneal injections and subcutaneous delivery of AF via osmotic minipumps, oral gavage for 14 days was the most suitable administration route for high doses of AF (10-15 mg/kg) in both mouse models, showing no measurable weight loss or signs of toxicity. A solvent comprising 50% DMSO, 40% PEG300 and 10% ethanol improved the solubility of AF for oral administration in mice. In addition, we confirmed that AF was a potent TrxR inhibitor in SB28 GBM tumors at high doses. Taken together, our results and results in the literature indicate the therapeutic value of AF in several in vivo cancer models, and provide relevant information about AF's optimal administration route and solvent in two syngeneic cancer mouse models.
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11
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Speciation Analysis Highlights the Interactions of Auranofin with the Cytoskeleton Proteins of Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101285. [PMID: 36297397 PMCID: PMC9610265 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two types of lung cells (epithelial cancer lung cells, A-549 and lung fibroblasts MRC-5) were exposed to the clinically established gold drug auranofin at concentrations close to the half-maximal inhibitory drug concentrations (IC50). Collected cells were subjected to speciation analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Auranofin showed better affinity toward proteins than DNA, RNA, and hydrophilic small molecular weight compounds. It can bind to proteins that vary in size (~20 kDa, ~75 kDa, and ≥200 kDa) and pI. However, the possibility of dimerization and protein–protein complex formation should also be taken into account. µRPLC/CZE-ESI-MS/MS studies on trypsinized proteins allowed the indication of 76 peptides for which signal intensity was influenced by auranofin presence in cells. Based on it, identity was proposed for 20 proteins. Except for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which is directly targeted by gold complex, the proteins were found to be transformed. Five indicated proteins: myosin, plectin, talin, two annexins, and kinase M3K5, are responsible for cell–cell, cell–protein interactions, and cell motility. A wound healing test confirmed their regulation by auranofin as cell migration decreased by 40% while the cell cycle was not interrupted.
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12
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Cui Q, Ding W, Liu P, Luo B, Yang J, Lu W, Hu Y, Huang P, Wen S. Developing Bi-Gold Compound BGC2a to Target Mitochondria for the Elimination of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012169. [PMID: 36293028 PMCID: PMC9602679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and mitochondrial metabolism are critical for the survival of cancer cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs), which often cause drug resistance and cancer relapse. Auranofin is a mono-gold anti-rheumatic drug, and it has been repurposed as an anticancer agent working by the induction of both ROS increase and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hypothetically, increasing auranofin’s positive charges via incorporating more gold atoms to enhance its mitochondria-targeting capacity could enhance its anti-cancer efficacy. Hence, in this work, both mono-gold and bi-gold compounds were designed and evaluated to test our hypothesis. The results showed that bi-gold compounds generally suppressed cancer cells proliferation better than their mono-gold counterparts. The most potent compound, BGC2a, substantially inhibited the antioxidant enzyme TrxR and increased the cellular ROS. BGC2a induced cell apoptosis, which could not be reversed by the antioxidant agent vitamin C, implying that the ROS induced by TrxR inhibition might not be the decisive cause of cell death. As expected, a significant proportion of BGC2a accumulated within mitochondria, likely contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction, which was further confirmed by measuring oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production. Moreover, BGC2a inhibited colony formation and reduced stem-like side population (SP) cells of A549. Finally, the compound effectively suppressed the tumor growth of both A549 and PANC-1 xenografts. Our study showed that mitochondrial disturbance may be gold-based compounds’ major lethal factor in eradicating cancer cells, providing a new approach to developing potent gold-based anti-cancer drugs by increasing mitochondria-targeting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Huang
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-20-87343511 (P.H.); +86-20-87342283 (S.W.)
| | - Shijun Wen
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-20-87343511 (P.H.); +86-20-87342283 (S.W.)
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Kumbhar P, Kole K, Yadav T, Bhavar A, Waghmare P, Bhokare R, Manjappa A, Jha NK, Chellappan DK, Shinde S, Singh SK, Dua K, Salawi A, Disouza J, Patravale V. Drug repurposing: An emerging strategy in alleviating skin cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175031. [PMID: 35580707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. Several million people are estimated to have affected with this condition worldwide. Skin cancer generally includes melanoma and non-melanoma with the former being the most dangerous. Chemotherapy has been one of the key therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of skin cancer, especially in advanced stages of the disease. It could be also used as an adjuvant with other treatment modalities depending on the type of skin cancer. However, there are several shortfalls associated with the use of chemotherapy such as non-selectivity, tumour resistance, life-threatening toxicities, and the exorbitant cost of medicines. Furthermore, new drug discovery is a lengthy and costly process with minimal likelihood of success. Thus, drug repurposing (DR) has emerged as a new avenue where the drug approved formerly for the treatment of one disease can be used for the treatment of another disease like cancer. This approach is greatly beneficial over the de novo approach in terms of time and cost. Moreover, there is minimal risk of failure of repurposed therapeutics in clinical trials. There are a considerable number of studies that have reported on drugs repurposed for the treatment of skin cancer. Thus, the present manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of drugs that have been investigated as repurposing candidates for the efficient treatment of skin cancers mainly melanoma and its oncogenic subtypes, and non-melanoma. The prospects of repurposing phytochemicals against skin cancer are also discussed. Furthermore, repurposed drug delivery via topical route and repurposed drugs in clinical trials are briefed. Based on the findings from the reported studies discussed in this manuscript, drug repurposing emerges to be a promising approach and thus is expected to offer efficient treatment at a reasonable cost in devitalizing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Kapil Kole
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Tejashree Yadav
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Ashwini Bhavar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Pramod Waghmare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Rajdeep Bhokare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Shinde
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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Jovanović M, Podolski-Renić A, Krasavin M, Pešić M. The Role of the Thioredoxin Detoxification System in Cancer Progression and Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:883297. [PMID: 35664671 PMCID: PMC9161637 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.883297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular redox homeostasis is a dynamic balancing system between the levels of free radical species and antioxidant enzymes and small molecules at the core of cellular defense mechanisms. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is an important detoxification system regulating the redox milieu. This system is one of the key regulators of cells’ proliferative potential as well, through the reduction of key proteins. Increased oxidative stress characterizes highly proliferative, metabolically hyperactive cancer cells, which are forced to mobilize antioxidant enzymes to balance the increase in free radical concentration and prevent irreversible damage and cell death. Components of the Trx system are involved in high-rate proliferation and activation of pro-survival mechanisms in cancer cells, particularly those facing increased oxidative stress. This review addresses the importance of the targetable redox-regulating Trx system in tumor progression, as well as in detoxification and protection of cancer cells from oxidative stress and drug-induced cytotoxicity. It also discusses the cancer cells’ counteracting mechanisms to the Trx system inhibition and presents several inhibitors of the Trx system as prospective candidates for cytostatics’ adjuvants. This manuscript further emphasizes the importance of developing novel multitarget therapies encompassing the Trx system inhibition to overcome cancer treatment limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Jovanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Organic Chemistry Division, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Milica Pešić, , orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-8239
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Wang Q, Pan L, Han Y, Zhou Z. Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Enterocin CHQS Against Candida albicans. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:191. [PMID: 35552837 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in hospital-acquired infections, which is extremely harmful to health. The increasing fungal infections is requiring the rapid development of novel antifungal agents. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of CHQS, an enterocin isolated from Enterococcus faecalis TG2 against C. albicans was confirmed by the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and time-kill curve. Aniline blue and calcofluor white staining methods showed that CHQS remarkably affected β-1,3-glucan and chitin cell wall components and made cell wall more vulnerable. The C. albicans cell wall rupture and intracellular vacuolation were observed by TEM and SEM. Moreover, CHQS induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggested that CHQS might have a complex multi-target antimicrobial mechanism against C. albicans. In addition, the use of CHQS combined with amphotericin B showed synergistic antimicrobial effects against C. albicans. In conclusion, enterocin CHQS, a natural product with antimicrobial effect, might has a bright future for the development of new antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Protective Mechanism of Leucine and Isoleucine against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4013575. [PMID: 35360198 PMCID: PMC8964234 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4013575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leucine and isoleucine possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their underlying protective mechanisms against oxidative damage remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, the protective mechanism of leucine and isoleucine against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in a bovine mammary epithelial cell lines (MAC-T cells) were investigated. Briefly, MAC-T cells exposed or free to H2O2 were incubated with different combinations of leucine and isoleucine. The cellular relative proliferation rate and viability, oxidative stress indicators, and inflammatory factors were determined by specific commercial kits. The genes related to barrier functions was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expression differences were explored by 4D label-free quantitative proteomic analyses and validated by parallel reaction monitoring. The results revealed that leucine and isoleucine increased cell proliferation, total antioxidant status (TAS), and the relative mRNA expression of occludin, as well as decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS)/TAS, IL-6, IL-1β, and TOS. When leucine and isoleucine were combined, MDA, TOS/TAS, and the relative mRNA expression levels of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 increased when compared to leucine or isoleucine alone. Proteomics analyses revealed that leucine significantly upregulated the propanoate metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation; and thermogenesis pathways, whereas isoleucine significantly upregulated the peroxisome and propanoate metabolism pathways. In conclusion, leucine protected MAC-T cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress by generating more ATP to supplement energy demands, and isoleucine improved the deficit in peroxisome transport and promoted acetyl-CoA production. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the protective mechanisms of leucine and isoleucine against oxidative damage.
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Fu L, Jin W, Zhang J, Zhu L, Lu J, Zhen Y, Zhang L, Ouyang L, Liu B, Yu H. Repurposing non-oncology small-molecule drugs to improve cancer therapy: Current situation and future directions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:532-557. [PMID: 35256933 PMCID: PMC8897051 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing or repositioning has been well-known to refer to the therapeutic applications of a drug for another indication other than it was originally approved for. Repurposing non-oncology small-molecule drugs has been increasingly becoming an attractive approach to improve cancer therapy, with potentially lower overall costs and shorter timelines. Several non-oncology drugs approved by FDA have been recently reported to treat different types of human cancers, with the aid of some new emerging technologies, such as omics sequencing and artificial intelligence to overcome the bottleneck of drug repurposing. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the therapeutic potential of non-oncology drugs, including cardiovascular drugs, microbiological drugs, small-molecule antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-neurodegenerative drugs, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and other drugs in human cancers. We also discuss their novel potential targets and relevant signaling pathways of these old non-oncology drugs in cancer therapies. Taken together, these inspiring findings will shed new light on repurposing more non-oncology small-molecule drugs with their intricate molecular mechanisms for future cancer drug discovery.
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18
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Massai L, Cirri D, Marzo T, Messori L. Auranofin and its analogs as prospective agents for the treatment of colorectal cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:1-14. [PMID: 35582525 PMCID: PMC8992591 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Today colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. This disease is poorly chemo-sensitive toward the existing medical treatments so that new and more effective therapeutic agents are urgently needed and intensely sought. Platinum drugs, oxaliplatin in particular, were reported to produce some significant benefit in CRC treatment, triggering the general interest of medicinal chemists and oncologists for metal-based compounds as candidate anti-CRC drugs. Within this frame, gold compounds and, specifically, the established antiarthritic drug auranofin with its analogs, form a novel group of promising anticancer agents. Owing to its innovative mechanism of action and its favorable pharmacological profile, auranofin together with its derivatives are proposed here as novel experimental agents for CRC treatment, capable of overcoming resistance to platinum drugs. Some encouraging results in this direction have already been obtained. A few recent studies demonstrate that the action of auranofin may be further potentiated through the preparation of suitable pharmaceutical formulations capable of protecting the gold pharmacophore from unselective reactivity or through the design of highly synergic drug combinations. The perspectives of the research in this field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
- CISUP - Centre for Instrumentation Sharing (Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica), University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
- University Consortium for Research in the Chemistry of Metal ions in Biological Systems (CIRCMSB), Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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Lin Z, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Cheng N, Zhang D, Lin J, Zhang H, Lin D. Auranofin and ICG-001 Emerge Synergistic Anti-tumor Effect on Canine Breast Cancer by Inducing Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:772687. [PMID: 34977210 PMCID: PMC8714754 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.772687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine breast cancer (CBC) is the most common spontaneous tumor in intact female dogs, especially in developing countries. The effective anti-tumor agents or therapies for the clinical treatment of CBC are still in need. Auranofin (AF) is a gold complex that has been attested by FDA for treating human rheumatism, which has been found as a great anti-tumor agent in recent years. ICG-001 is a small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, we demonstrated that a combination of AF and ICG-001 could synergistically suppress the proliferation of CBC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the synergistical effect was related with apoptosis caused by mitochondrial damage and ROS production. In conclusion, combination of AF and ICG-001 could synergistically suppress the growth of CBC in vitro and in vivo by leading apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway and might provide a novel potential choice for the clinical treatment of CBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiang Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zhang
| | - Degui Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Degui Lin
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20
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Lin Z, Li Q, Zhao Y, Lin Z, Cheng N, Zhang D, Liu G, Lin J, Zhang H, Lin D. Combination of Auranofin and ICG-001 Suppress the Proliferation and Metastasis of Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738085. [PMID: 34900688 PMCID: PMC8651623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the deadliest tumors in the world, and with high metastasis rate and mortality, effective drugs for its treatment are still in need. Auranofin (AF) is a gold complex that has been attested by FDA for treating human rheumatism, and researchers have found that AF acts as a great antitumor drug in recent years. ICG-001 is a small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, we aimed to explore the synergistic antitumor effects and the underlying mechanisms of AF and ICG-001 combination therapy on human colon cancer. The results showed that AF and ICG-001 synergistically depressed the growth and invasion of human colon cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) and its downstream mediator B-cell lymphoma-2-like 1 (Bcl-xL) and inducing caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, AF combined with ICG-001 synergistically inhibited the growth of colon cancer in subcutaneous xenograft mice models and restrained metastasis in lung metastasis mice models. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that combination of AF and ICG-001 suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. Therefore, this combination therapy may possess potential therapeutic properties for human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiang Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Degui Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Gamberi T, Chiappetta G, Fiaschi T, Modesti A, Sorbi F, Magherini F. Upgrade of an old drug: Auranofin in innovative cancer therapies to overcome drug resistance and to increase drug effectiveness. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1111-1146. [PMID: 34850406 PMCID: PMC9299597 DOI: 10.1002/med.21872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin is an oral gold(I) compound, initially developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, Auranofin is under investigation for oncological application within a drug repurposing plan due to the relevant antineoplastic activity observed both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In this review, we analysed studies in which Auranofin was used as a single drug or in combination with other molecules to enhance their anticancer activity or to overcome chemoresistance. The analysis of different targets/pathways affected by this drug in different cancer types has allowed us to highlight several interesting targets and effects of Auranofin besides the already well-known inhibition of thioredoxin reductase. Among these targets, inhibitory-κB kinase, deubiquitinates, protein kinase C iota have been frequently suggested. To rationalize the effects of Auranofin by a system biology-like approach, we exploited transcriptomic data obtained from a wide range of cell models, extrapolating the data deposited in the Connectivity Maps website and we attempted to provide a general conclusion and discussed the major points that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Plasticité du Cerveau UMR 8249 CNRS, Paris, ESPCI Paris-PSL, France
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Haas MJ, Warda F, Bikkina P, Landicho MA, Kapadia P, Parekh S, Mooradian AD. Differential effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 142:106948. [PMID: 34843981 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib was pulled off the market because of its association with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular effects. The precise underlying mechanism for the differential effects of COX-2 inhibitors on cardiovascular risk is not known. Since endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in atherogenesis, we examined the effects of COX-2 inhibitors on ER stress in primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC). ER stress was measured in HCAEC treated with either tunicamycin (TM) or high-concentrations (27.5 mM) of dextrose (HD) using the secreted alkaline phosphatase (ES-TRAP) assay. Markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR) such as activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), phospho-IRE1α, protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and phospho-PERK were measured by Western blot. Treatment of HCAEC with TM and HD decreased secreted alkaline phosphatase activity indicating increased ER stress. Treatment of cells exposed to TM or HD with celecoxib, meloxicam, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid, but not rofecoxib, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in ER stress. High-dextrose and TM increased IRE1α and PERK phosphorylation and ATF6 and GRP78 expression. Treatment with celecoxib, but not rofecoxib, inhibited these markers of the UPR. Treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors, with the exception of rofecoxib, suppressed ER stress as measured with both alkaline phosphatase activity assays and markers for the UPR. The inability of rofecoxib to inhibit ER stress, unlike the other cyclooxygenase inhibitors tested, may have contributed to its unfavorable effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Haas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA..
| | - Firas Warda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Priyanka Bikkina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Marie Angelica Landicho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Poonam Kapadia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Shrina Parekh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Arshag D Mooradian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
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Lee JS, Choi YE, Kim S, Han JY, Goh SH. ELF3 Is a Target That Promotes Therapeutic Efficiency in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via Inhibiting PKCί. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212287. [PMID: 34830169 PMCID: PMC8620479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) proteins account for many non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being used as targeted therapeutics. However, resistance to TKIs continues to increase owing to additional mutations in more than half of the patients receiving EGFR TKI therapy. In addition to targeting new mutations with next-generation therapeutics, it is necessary to find an alternative target to overcome the challenges associated with resistance. (2) Methods: To identify potential alternative targets in patients with NSCLC undergoing targeted therapy, putative targets were identified by transcriptome profiling and validated for their biological and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. (3) Results: ELF3 was found to be differentially expressed in NSCLC, and ELF3 knockdown significantly increased cell death in K-Ras mutant as well as in EGFR L858R/T790M mutation harboring lung cancer cells. We also found that auranofin, an inhibitor of protein kinase C iota (PKCί), a protein upstream of ELF3, effectively induced cell death. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests that blocking ELF3 is an effective way to induce cell death in NSCLC with K-Ras and EGFR T790M/L858R mutations and thus advocates the use of auranofin as an effective alternative drug to overcome EGFR TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeon-Soo Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.-S.L.); (Y.E.C.)
| | - Young Eun Choi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.-S.L.); (Y.E.C.)
| | - Sunshin Kim
- Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-Y.H.)
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-Y.H.)
| | - Sung-Ho Goh
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.-S.L.); (Y.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2477
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Ralph SJ. Targeting the redox imbalance in mitochondria: A novel mode for cancer therapy. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:50-73. [PMID: 34758363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels affect many aspects of cell behavior. During carcinogenesis, moderate ROS production modifies gene expression to alter cell function, elevating metabolic activity and ROS. To avoid extreme ROS-activated death, cancer cells increase antioxidative capacity, regulating sustained ROS levels that promote growth. Anticancer therapies are exploring inducing supranormal, cytotoxic oxidative stress levels either inhibiting antioxidative capacity or promoting excess ROS to selectively destroy cancer cells, triggering mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, or ferroptosis. This review exemplifies pro-oxidants (natural/synthetic/repurposed drugs) and their clinical significance as cancer therapies providing revolutionary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Stephen J Ralph
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.
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Abdalbari FH, Telleria CM. The gold complex auranofin: new perspectives for cancer therapy. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:42. [PMID: 35201489 PMCID: PMC8777575 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced stages of cancer are highly associated with short overall survival in patients due to the lack of long-term treatment options following the standard form of care. New options for cancer therapy are needed to improve the survival of cancer patients without disease recurrence. Auranofin is a clinically approved agent against rheumatoid arthritis that is currently enrolled in clinical trials for potential repurposing against cancer. Auranofin mainly targets the anti-oxidative system catalyzed by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which protects the cell from oxidative stress and death in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. TrxR is over-expressed in many cancers as an adaptive mechanism for cancer cell proliferation, rendering it an attractive target for cancer therapy, and auranofin as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer. Inhibiting TrxR dysregulates the intracellular redox state causing increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and stimulates cellular demise. An alternate mechanism of action of auranofin is to mimic proteasomal inhibition by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is critically important in cancer cells to prevent cell death when compared to non-cancer cells, because of its role on cell cycle regulation, protein degradation, gene expression, and DNA repair. This article provides new perspectives on the potential mechanisms used by auranofin alone, in combination with diverse other compounds, or in combination with platinating agents and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors to combat cancer cells, while assessing the feasibility for its repurposing in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah H Abdalbari
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos M Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kast RE. Adding high-dose celecoxib to increase effectiveness of standard glioblastoma chemoirradiation. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 79:481-488. [PMID: 33689795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over one hundred clinical trials since 2005 have failed to significantly improve the prognosis of glioblastoma. Since 2005, the standard of care has been maximal resection followed by 60Gy irradiation over six weeks with daily temozolomide. With this, a median survival of 2 years can be expected. This short paper reviewed how the pharmacodynamic attributes of an EMA/FDA approved, cheap, generic drug to treat pain, celecoxib, intersect with pathophysiological elements driving glioblastoma growth, such that growth drive inhibition can be expected from celecoxib. The two main attributes of celecoxib are carbonic anhydrase inhibition and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. Both attributes individually have been in active study as adjuncts during current cancer treatment, including that of glioblastoma. That research is briefly reviewed here. This paper concludes from the collected data, that starting celecoxib, 600 to 800mg twice daily before surgery and continuing it through the chemoirradiation phase of treatment would be a low-risk intervention with sound rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kast
- IIAIGC study centre, 05401 Burlington, VT, USA.
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Joo MK, Shin S, Ye DJ, An HG, Kwon TU, Baek HS, Kwon YJ, Chun YJ. Combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib induces synergistic apoptosis in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:84-94. [PMID: 33103613 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1835762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Auranofin is a gold complex used as an anti-rheumatic agent and may act as a potent anticancer drug against breast tumors. Trametinib is a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The aim of this study was to examine the synergistic effects of auranofin and trametinib on apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The combination treatment inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and apoptosis via poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase-3/7 activation. It is noteworthy that this treatment significantly increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation to induce mitochondrial stress, subsequently promoting cancer cell apoptosis through release of apoptosis-inducing factor. Further data demonstrated that combined treatment significantly induced increase in nuclear translocation of AIF. These results indicated that activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis may contribute to the synergistic consequences in MCF-7 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrated that combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib exhibited synergistic breast cancer cell death and this combination might be utilized as a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Joo
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu An
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
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Mercier-Letondal P, Marton C, Godet Y, Galaine J. Validation of a method evaluating T cell metabolic potential in compliance with ICH Q2 (R1). J Transl Med 2021; 19:21. [PMID: 33407568 PMCID: PMC7789274 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic cell features are able to give reliable information on cell functional state. Thus, metabolic potential assessment of T cells in malignancy setting represents a promising area, especially in adoptive cell therapy procedures. Easy to set up and convenient Seahorse technology have recently been proposed by Agilent Technologies and it could be used to monitor T cells metabolic potential. However, this method demonstrates an inter-assay variability and lacks practices standardization. RESULTS We aimed to overcome these shortcomings thanks to a lymphoblastic derived JURKAT cell line seeding in each experiment to standardize the Seahorse process. We used an adapted XF Cell MitoStress Kit protocol, consisting in the evaluation of basal, stressed and maximal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation related parameters, through sequential addition of oligomycin and carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) to a glucose containing medium. Data were acquired and analyzed through Agilent Seahorse XFe96 analyzer. Indeed, we validated this method in the light of ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. We were able to confirm the specificity and accuracy of the method. We also demonstrated the precision, linearity and range of the method in our experimental conditions. CONCLUSION The validation of the method consisting in a JURKAT cell line experimental incorporation as a control material contributes to improve the Seahorse technology's robustness. These results lay the groundwork for the implementation of this technology to optimize T cell based cellular therapy products production process and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mercier-Letondal
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France.
| | - Chrystel Marton
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Godet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Jeanne Galaine
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Activité Médicaments de Thérapie Innovante, 25000, Besançon, France
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Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Increase Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and Doxorubicin Efficacy against Human Cervix Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120463. [PMID: 33333716 PMCID: PMC7765098 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) celecoxib and its non-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) analogue dimethylcelecoxib (DMC) exert a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of human cervix HeLa multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) when added either at the beginning (“preventive protocol”; IC50 = 1 ± 0.3 nM for celecoxib and 10 ± 2 nM for DMC) or after spheroid formation (“curative protocol”; IC50 = 7.5 ± 2 µM for celecoxib and 32 ± 10 µM for DMC). These NSAID IC50 values were significantly lower than those attained in bidimensional HeLa cells (IC50 = 55 ± 9 µM celecoxib and 48 ± 2 µM DMC) and bidimensional non-cancer cell cultures (3T3 fibroblasts and MCF-10A mammary gland cells with IC50 from 69 to >100 µM, after 24 h). The copper-based drug casiopeina II-gly showed similar potency against HeLa MCTS. Synergism analysis showed that celecoxib, DMC, and casiopeinaII-gly at sub-IC50 doses increased the potency of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin to hinder HeLa cell proliferation through a significant abolishment of oxidative phosphorylation in bidimensional cultures, with no apparent effect on non-cancer cells (therapeutic index >3.6). Similar results were attained with bidimensional human cervix cancer SiHa and human glioblastoma U373 cell cultures. In HeLa MCTS, celecoxib, DMC and casiopeina II-gly increased cisplatin toxicity by 41–85%. These observations indicated that celecoxib and DMC used as adjuvant therapy in combination with canonical anti-cancer drugs may provide more effective alternatives for cancer treatment.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies have shown that celecoxib can significantly inhibit the development of tumors, and basic experiments and in vitro experiments also provide a certain basis, but it is not clear how celecoxib inhibits tumor development in detail. METHODS A literature search of all major academic databases was conducted (PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Wan-fang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), including the main research on the mechanisms of celecoxib on tumors. RESULTS Celecoxib can intervene in tumor development and reduce the formation of drug resistance through multiple molecular mechanisms. CONCLUSION Celecoxib mainly regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting the cyclooxygenases-2/prostaglandin E2 signal axis and thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding, Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Meanwhile, it was found that celecoxib could promote the apoptosis of tumor cells by enhancing mitochondrial oxidation, activating mitochondrial apoptosis process, promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress process, and autophagy. Celecoxib can also reduce the occurrence of drug resistance by increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs.
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Bhattarai DP, Kim BS. NIR-Triggered Hyperthermal Effect of Polythiophene Nanoparticles Synthesized by Surfactant-Free Oxidative Polymerization Method on Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092122. [PMID: 32962169 PMCID: PMC7564425 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polythiophene nanoparticles (PTh–NPs) were synthesized by a surfactant-free oxidative chemical polymerization method at 60 °C, using ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. Various physicochemical properties were studied in terms of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Photothermal performance of the as-synthesized PTh–NPs was studied by irradiating near infra-red of 808 nm under different concentration of the substrate and power supply. The photothermal stability of PTh–NPs was also studied. Photothermal effects of the as-synthesized PTh–NPs on colorectal cancer cells (CT-26) were studied at 100 µg/mL concentration and 808 nm NIR irradiation of 2.0 W/cm2 power. Our in vitro results showed remarkable NIR laser-triggered photothermal apoptotic cell death by PTh–NPs. Based on the experimental findings, it is revealed that PTh–NPs can act as a heat mediator and can be an alternative material for photothermal therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beom Su Kim
- Carbon Nano Convergence Technology Center for Next Generation Engineers (CNN), Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-4284
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Hu JW, Chen B, Zhang J, Qi YP, Liang JH, Zhong JH, Xiang BD. Novel combination of celecoxib and metformin improves the antitumor effect by inhibiting the growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:6437-6444. [PMID: 33033527 PMCID: PMC7532521 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in combination with metformin on the prevention of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mechanisms involved. Methods: HCC cell lines and an HCC rat model were treated with celecoxib, metformin or a combination of both. Cell viability and tumor formation were measured. Results:In vitro and in vivo studies showed that treatment with a combination of celecoxib and metformin inhibited proliferation of HCC to a greater extent than either treatment alone, by reducing the phosphorylation of MTOR. Conclusion: The study suggested that celecoxib combined with metformin would be more effective for the preventing occurrence of HCC than either treatment alone and this combination of therapy is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wen Hu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ya-Peng Qi
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Hao Liang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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Kato I, Kasukabe T, Kumakura S. Menin‑MLL inhibitors induce ferroptosis and enhance the anti‑proliferative activity of auranofin in several types of cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1057-1071. [PMID: 32945449 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin‑mixed‑lineage leukemia (MLL) inhibitors have potential for use as therapeutic agents for MLL‑rearranged leukemia. They are also effective against solid cancers, such as breast cancer. The present study demonstrated that menin‑MLL inhibitors, such as MI‑463, unexpectedly induced the ferroptotic cell death of several cancer cell lines. MI‑463 at a double‑digit nM concentration markedly decreased the viable number of OVCAR‑8 ovarian cancer cells for 3 days. Ferrostatin‑1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor) almost completely abrogated the MI‑463‑induced decrease in viable cell numbers. Furthermore, the cancer cell‑killing activity was inhibited by N‑acetylcysteine [a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS)], deferoxamine (DFO, an iron chelator), PD146176 (a specific inhibitor of arachidonate 15‑lipoxygenase), idebenone (a membrane‑permeable analog of CoQ10) and oleic acid [a monounsaturated fatty acid and one of the end products of stearoyl‑CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1)], whereas Z‑VAD‑FMK (an apoptosis inhibitor) had a negligible effect on cell death. It was also found that MI‑463 in combination with auranofin (a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor) synergistically increased cancer the death of breast, ovarian, pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines (88%, 14/16 cell lines). The synergistic induction of cell death was abrogated by ferroptosis inhibitor and DFO. Inhibitors of SCD1, similar to MI‑463, also enhanced cancer cell death synergistically with auranofin, while inhibitors of SCD1 and MI‑463 did not additively induce cell death. Treatment with zinc protoporphyrin‑9, a specific inhibitor of heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), markedly attenuated the cell death induced by MI‑463 plus auranofin. On the whole, these results suggest that the MI‑463‑induced decrease in cell viability may be at least partly associated with the inhibition of SCD1 activity. In addition, the potent induction of HO‑1 contributed to the synergistic effects of MI‑463 plus auranofin. Therefore, menin‑MLL inhibitors, such as MI‑463, in combination with auranofin represent an effective therapeutic approach for several types of cancer via the induction of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiroh Kato
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693‑8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasukabe
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693‑8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kumakura
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693‑8501, Japan
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Ashrafizadeh M, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Akbari ME, Kubatka P, Raei M, Koklesova L, Shahinozzaman M, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Zarrabi A. Role of microRNA/Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Axis in the Metastasis of Bladder Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1159. [PMID: 32784711 PMCID: PMC7464913 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most common diagnosed cancer, and a number of factors including environmental and genetic ones participate in BC development. Metastasis of BC cells into neighboring and distant tissues significantly reduces overall survival of patients with this life-threatening disorder. Recently, studies have focused on revealing molecular pathways involved in metastasis of BC cells, and in this review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms that can regulate metastasis. EMT is a vital process for migration of BC cells, and inhibition of this mechanism restricts invasion of BC cells. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 19-24 nucleotides capable of regulating different cellular events, and EMT is one of them. In BC cells, miRNAs are able to both induce and/or inhibit EMT. For regulation of EMT, miRNAs affect different molecular pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Snail, Slug, ZEB1/2, CD44, NSBP1, which are, discussed in detail this review. Besides, miRNA/EMT axis can also be regulated by upstream mediators such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and targeted by diverse anti-tumor agents. These topics are also discussed here to reveal diverse molecular pathways involved in migration of BC cells and strategies to target them to develop effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran;
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1989934148, Iran;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Division of Oncology—Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 55877577, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Targeting SLC7A11 specifically suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer stem cells via inducing ferroptosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105450. [PMID: 32621966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the critical roles of ferroptosis in different physiological and pathological processes, however, its effects on the progression of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) are still unclear. Here, we found that colorectal CSCs exhibited a remarkably lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a higher level of cysteine, glutathione and SLC7A11 compared to colorectal cancer cells. Knockout of SLC7A11 increased the ROS level and reduced the levels of cysteine and glutathione, subsequently attenuating the viability of colorectal CSCs. Erastin, an inhibitor of SLC7A11, was found to hold a remarkably stronger cytotoxic effect on colorectal CSCs via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, it was found that Erastin attenuated the chemoresistance of colorectal CSCs. This work indicates that colorectal CSCs are more sensitive to ferroptosis, which could be targeted to attenuate colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance.
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Bailly C. Regulation of PD-L1 expression on cancer cells with ROS-modulating drugs. Life Sci 2020; 246:117403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Beaulieu JF. Colorectal Cancer Research: Basic, Preclinical, and Clinical Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020416. [PMID: 32053872 PMCID: PMC7072293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 75269)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Tapfuma KI, Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola TE, Hussan R, Mekuto L, Makatini MM, Green E, Mavumengwana V. Cytotoxic activity of crude extracts from Datura stramonium's fungal endophytes against A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines and LC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:330. [PMID: 31752824 PMCID: PMC6873518 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi are a proven source of bioactive secondary metabolites that may provide lead compounds for novel drug discovery. In this study, crude extracts from fungal endophytes isolated from Datura stramonium were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on two human cancer cell lines. METHODS Fungal endophytes were isolated from surface sterilized aerial parts of D. stramonium and identified using molecular, morphological and phylogenetic methods. Ethyl acetate crude extracts from these isolates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines. Metabolite profiling was then performed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) for the cytotoxic crude extract. RESULTS Eleven fungal endophytes were identified from D. stramonium. Significant cytotoxicity was only observed from the crude extract of Alternaria sp. KTDL7 on UMG87 glioblastoma cells (IC50 = 21.49 μg/ml). Metabolite profiling of this crude extract tentatively revealed the presence of the following secondary metabolites: 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1), anserinone B (2), phelligridin B (3), metacytofilin (4), phomopsidin (5) and vermixocin A (6). Compounds 2 and 3 have been shown to be cytotoxic in literature. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that the crude extract of Alternaria sp. KTDL7 possesses compound(s) cytotoxic to glioblastoma multiforme cells. Future studies to isolate and characterize the cytotoxic compound(s) from this fungus could result in lead development of a fungal-based drug for glioblastoma multiforme treatment.
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