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Zelisse HS, Dijk F, van Gent MDJM, Hooijer GKJ, Mom CH, van de Vijver MJ, Snijders MLH. Improving histotyping precision: the impact of immunohistochemical algorithms on epithelial ovarian cancer classification. Hum Pathol 2024:105631. [PMID: 39084566 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
To improve the precision of epithelial ovarian cancer histotyping, Köbel et al. (2016) developed immunohistochemical decision-tree algorithms. These included a six- and four-split algorithm, and separate six-split algorithms for early- and advanced stage disease. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of these algorithms. A gynecological pathologist determined the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-based histotypes of 230 patients. Subsequently, the final histotypes were established by re-evaluating the H&E-stained sections and immunohistochemistry outcomes. For histotype prediction using the algorithms, the immunohistochemical markers Napsin A, p16, p53, progesterone receptor (PR), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) were scored. The algorithmic predictions were compared with the final histotypes to assess their precision, for which the early- and advanced stage algorithms were assessed together as six-split-stages algorithm. The six-split algorithm demonstrated 96.1% precision, whereas the six-split-stages and four-split algorithms showed 93.5% precision. Of the 230 cases, 16 (7%) showed discordant original and final diagnoses; the algorithms concurred with the final diagnosis in 14/16 cases (87.5%). In 12.4%-13.3% of cases, the H&E-based histotype changed based on the algorithmic outcome. The six-split stages algorithm had a lower sensitivity for low-grade serous carcinoma (80% versus 100%), while the four-split stages algorithm showed reduced sensitivity for endometrioid carcinoma (78% versus 92.7-97.6%). Considering the higher sensitivity of the six-split algorithm for endometrioid and low-grade serous carcinoma compared with the four-split and six-split-stages algorithms, respectively, we recommend the adoption of the six-split algorithm for histotyping epithelial ovarian cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein S Zelisse
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mignon D J M van Gent
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Centre for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit K J Hooijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Constantijne H Mom
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Centre for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marc J van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Malou L H Snijders
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Khetan R, Eldi P, Lokman NA, Ricciardelli C, Oehler MK, Blencowe A, Garg S, Pillman K, Albrecht H. Unveiling G-protein coupled receptors as potential targets for ovarian cancer nanomedicines: from RNA sequencing data analysis to in vitro validation. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:156. [PMID: 39068454 PMCID: PMC11282829 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic heterogeneity in ovarian cancer indicates the need for personalised treatment approaches. Currently, very few G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been investigated for active targeting with nanomedicines such as antibody-conjugated drugs and drug-loaded nanoparticles, highlighting a neglected potential to develop personalised treatment. To address the genetic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, a future personalised approach could include the identification of unique GPCRs expressed in cancer biopsies, matched with personalised GPCR-targeted nanomedicines, for the delivery of lethal drugs to tumour tissue before, during and after surgery. Here we report on the systematic analysis of public ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA-seq) gene expression data, which led to prioritisation of 13 GPCRs as candidates with frequent overexpression in ovarian cancer tissues. Subsequently, primary ovarian cancer cells derived from ascites and ovarian cancer cell lines were used to confirm frequent gene expression for the selected GPCRs. However, the expression levels showed high variability within our selection of samples, therefore, supporting and emphasising the need for the future development of case-to-case personalised targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Khetan
- Centre of Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Preethi Eldi
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials Group, Centre of Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre of Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Katherine Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Hugo Albrecht
- Centre of Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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Frisbie L, Pressimone C, Dyer E, Baruwal R, Garcia G, St Croix C, Watkins S, Calderone M, Gorecki G, Javed Z, Atiya HI, Hempel N, Pearson A, Coffman LG. Carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells promote ovarian cancer heterogeneity and metastasis through mitochondrial transfer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114551. [PMID: 39067022 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by early metastatic spread. This study demonstrates that carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stromal cells (CA-MSCs) enhance metastasis by increasing tumor cell heterogeneity through mitochondrial donation. CA-MSC mitochondrial donation preferentially occurs in ovarian cancer cells with low levels of mitochondria ("mito poor"). CA-MSC mitochondrial donation rescues the phenotype of mito poor cells, restoring their proliferative capacity, resistance to chemotherapy, and cellular respiration. Receipt of CA-MSC-derived mitochondria induces tumor cell transcriptional changes leading to the secretion of ANGPTL3, which enhances the proliferation of tumor cells without CA-MSC mitochondria, thus amplifying the impact of mitochondrial transfer. Donated CA-MSC mitochondrial DNA persisted in recipient tumor cells for at least 14 days. CA-MSC mitochondrial donation occurs in vivo, enhancing tumor cell heterogeneity and decreasing mouse survival. Collectively, this work identifies CA-MSC mitochondrial transfer as a critical mediator of ovarian cancer cell survival, heterogeneity, and metastasis and presents a unique therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Frisbie
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Emma Dyer
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roja Baruwal
- Molecular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Geyon Garcia
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Calderone
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Grace Gorecki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zaineb Javed
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huda I Atiya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Pearson
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lan G Coffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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4
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Tan YC, Low TY, Lee PY, Lim LC. Single-cell proteomics by mass spectrometry: Advances and implications in cancer research. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300210. [PMID: 38727198 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer harbours extensive proteomic heterogeneity. Inspired by the prior success of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in characterizing minute transcriptomics heterogeneity in cancer, researchers are now actively searching for information regarding the proteomics counterpart. Therefore recently, single-cell proteomics by mass spectrometry (SCP) has rapidly developed into state-of-the-art technology to cater the need. This review aims to summarize application of SCP in cancer research, while revealing current development progress of SCP technology. The review also aims to contribute ideas into research gaps and future directions, ultimately promoting the application of SCP in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chiang Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pey Yee Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay Cheng Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Balan D, Kampan NC, Plebanski M, Abd Aziz NH. Unlocking ovarian cancer heterogeneity: advancing immunotherapy through single-cell transcriptomics. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388663. [PMID: 38873253 PMCID: PMC11169633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, a highly fatal gynecological cancer, warrants the need for understanding its heterogeneity. The disease's prevalence and impact are underscored with statistics on mortality rates. Ovarian cancer is categorized into distinct morphological groups, each with its characteristics and prognosis. Despite standard treatments, survival rates remain low due to relapses and chemoresistance. Immune system involvement is evident in ovarian cancer's progression, although the tumor employs immune evasion mechanisms. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, is promising, but ovarian cancer's heterogeneity limits its efficacy. Single-cell sequencing technology could be explored as a solution to dissect the heterogeneity within tumor-associated immune cell populations and tumor microenvironments. This cutting-edge technology has the potential to enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized immunotherapy in ovarian cancer, reflecting its broader application in cancer research. The present review focuses on recent advancements and the challenges in applying single-cell transcriptomics to ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharvind Balan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Simic P, Coric V, Pljesa I, Savic-Radojevic A, Zecevic N, Kocic J, Simic T, Pazin V, Pljesa-Ercegovac M. The Role of Glutathione Transferase Omega-Class Variant Alleles in Individual Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4986. [PMID: 38732205 PMCID: PMC11084357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is affected by reactive oxygen species and has been suggested to have an important role in ovarian cancer (OC) tumorigenesis. The role of glutathione transferases (GSTs) in the maintenance of redox balance is considered as an important contributing factor in cancer, including OC. Furthermore, GSTs are mostly encoded by highly polymorphic genes, which further highlights their potential role in OC, known to originate from accumulated genetic changes. Since the potential relevance of genetic variations in omega-class GSTs (GSTO1 and GSTO2), with somewhat different activities such as thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activity, has not been clarified as yet in terms of susceptibility to OC, we aimed to investigate whether the presence of different GSTO1 and GSTO2 genetic variants, individually or combined, might represent determinants of risk for OC development. Genotyping was performed in 110 OC patients and 129 matched controls using a PCR-based assay for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms. The results of our study show that homozygous carriers of the GSTO2 variant G allele are at an increased risk of OC development in comparison to the carriers of the referent genotype (OR1 = 2.16, 95% CI: 0.88-5.26, p = 0.08; OR2 = 2.49, 95% CI: 0.93-6.61, p = 0.06). Furthermore, individuals with GST omega haplotype H2, meaning the concomitant presence of the GSTO1*A and GSTO2*G alleles, are more susceptible to OC development, while carriers of the H4 (*A*A) haplotype exhibited lower risk of OC when crude and adjusted haplotype analysis was performed (OR1 = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.70; p = 0.007 and OR2 = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11-0.67; p = 0.0054). Overall, our results suggest that GSTO locus variants may confer OC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Simic
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.)
| | - Vesna Coric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Pljesa
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre Dr Dragiša Mišović, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Zecevic
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kocic
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.)
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pazin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gaebler D, Hachey SJ, Hughes CCW. Microphysiological systems as models for immunologically 'cold' tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1389012. [PMID: 38711620 PMCID: PMC11070549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1389012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a diverse milieu of cells including cancerous and non-cancerous cells such as fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells and immune cells. The intricate cellular interactions within the TME hold a central role in shaping the dynamics of cancer progression, influencing pivotal aspects such as tumor initiation, growth, invasion, response to therapeutic interventions, and the emergence of drug resistance. In immunologically 'cold' tumors, the TME is marked by a scarcity of infiltrating immune cells, limited antigen presentation in the absence of potent immune-stimulating signals, and an abundance of immunosuppressive factors. While strategies targeting the TME as a therapeutic avenue in 'cold' tumors have emerged, there is a pressing need for novel approaches that faithfully replicate the complex cellular and non-cellular interactions in order to develop targeted therapies that can effectively stimulate immune responses and improve therapeutic outcomes in patients. Microfluidic devices offer distinct advantages over traditional in vitro 3D co-culture models and in vivo animal models, as they better recapitulate key characteristics of the TME and allow for precise, controlled insights into the dynamic interplay between various immune, stromal and cancerous cell types at any timepoint. This review aims to underscore the pivotal role of microfluidic systems in advancing our understanding of the TME and presents current microfluidic model systems that aim to dissect tumor-stromal, tumor-immune and immune-stromal cellular interactions in various 'cold' tumors. Understanding the intricacies of the TME in 'cold' tumors is crucial for devising effective targeted therapies to reinvigorate immune responses and overcome the challenges of current immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gaebler
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Hachey
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christopher C. W. Hughes
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Jin X, Wu M, Dong S, Liu H, Ma H. Artificially sweetened beverages consumption and risk of obesity-related cancers: a wide-angled Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1347724. [PMID: 38524848 PMCID: PMC10959093 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1347724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) consumption on obesity-related cancers (ORCs) risk remains controversial. To address this challenging issue, this study employed wide-angle mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the genetic causality between ASB consumption and the risk of ORCs, thereby effectively minimizing the impact of external confounders. Methods We conducted a suite of analyses encompassing univariable, multivariable, and two-step MR to evaluate causal associations between ASB consumption (samples = 85,852) and risk of ORCs (total samples = 2,974,770) using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Total, direct, and intermediary effects were derived by performing inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted mode, weighted median, and lasso method. Additionally, we performed an extensive range of sensitivity analyses to counteract the potential effects of confounders, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy, enhancing the robustness and reliability of the findings. Results Genetically predicted ASB consumption was positively associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC, p = 0.011; OR: 6.879; 95% CI: 1.551, 30.512 by IVW) and breast cancer (p = 0.022; OR: 3.881; 95% CI: 2.023, 9.776 by IVW). Multivariable analysis yielded similar results. The results of the two-step MR unveiled that body mass index (BMI) assumes a pivotal role in mediating the association between ASB consumption and CRC risk (intermediary effect = 0.068, p = 0.024). Conclusion No causal connection exists between ASB consumption and the majority of ORCs, in addition to CRC and breast cancer. Additionally, our findings suggest that BMI might be a potential mediator in the association between ASB consumption and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengyue Wu
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haochuan Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Fatma H, Siddique HR. Cancer cell plasticity, stem cell factors, and therapy resistance: how are they linked? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:423-440. [PMID: 37796391 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity can occur naturally in an organism and is considered an adapting mechanism during the developmental stage. However, abnormal cellular plasticity is observed in different diseased conditions, including cancer. Cancer cell plasticity triggers the stimuli of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), abnormal epigenetic changes, expression of stem cell factors and implicated signaling pathways, etc., and helps in the maintenance of CSC phenotype. Conversely, CSC maintains the cancer cell plasticity, EMT, and epigenetic plasticity. EMT contributes to increased cell migration and greater diversity within tumors, while epigenetic changes, stem cell factors (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2), and various signaling pathways allow cancer cells to maintain various phenotypes, giving rise to intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. The intricate relationships between cancer cell plasticity and stem cell factors help the tumor cells adopt drug-tolerant states, evade senescence, and successfully acquire drug resistance with treatment dismissal. Inhibiting molecules/signaling pathways involved in promoting CSCs, cellular plasticity, EMT, and epigenetic plasticity might be helpful for successful cancer therapy management. This review discussed the role of cellular plasticity, EMT, and stem cell factors in tumor initiation, progression, reprogramming, and therapy resistance. Finally, we discussed how the intervention in this axis will help better manage cancers and improve patient survivability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
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10
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Mirjat D, Kashif M, Roberts CM. Shake It Up Baby Now: The Changing Focus on TWIST1 and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17539. [PMID: 38139368 PMCID: PMC10743446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 is a transcription factor that is necessary for healthy neural crest migration, mesoderm development, and gastrulation. It functions as a key regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which cells lose their polarity and gain the ability to migrate. EMT is often reactivated in cancers, where it is strongly associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Early work on TWIST1 in adult tissues focused on its transcriptional targets and how EMT gave rise to metastatic cells. In recent years, the roles of TWIST1 and other EMT factors in cancer have expanded greatly as our understanding of tumor progression has advanced. TWIST1 and related factors are frequently tied to cancer cell stemness and changes in therapeutic responses and thus are now being viewed as attractive therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight non-metastatic roles for TWIST1 and related EMT factors in cancer and other disorders, discuss recent findings in the areas of therapeutic resistance and stemness in cancer, and comment on the potential to target EMT for therapy. Further research into EMT will inform novel treatment combinations and strategies for advanced cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dureali Mirjat
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Cai M. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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11
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Ravindran F, Mhatre A, Koroth J, Narayan S, Choudhary B. Curcumin modulates cell type-specific miRNA networks to induce cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 334:122224. [PMID: 38084671 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To understand the epigenetic role of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice Curcuma longa in inducing cytotoxicity in two molecularly distinct ovarian cancer cell lines: PA1 and A2780. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated mRNA-miRNA sequence analysis was performed to determine the curcumin-induced mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks in the induction of cytotoxicity. The miRNA-mRNA pathways, the miRNAs and their targets implicated in apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, and stemness markers were validated. Gene/miRNA expressions were validated using qPCR and protein expressions by western blotting. Curcumin-induced oncogenic /tumor-suppressor miRNAs were profiled utilising the oncomiRdb database. Similarly, the expressions of oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes were profiled and correlated with the TCGA ovarian cancer dataset. A dual luciferase assay was performed to investigate the interaction of miR-199a-5p to its direct target, DDR1. KEY FINDINGS The expression of several miRNAs demonstrated an inverse correlation with their respective direct targets. In curcumin-treated PA1 cells, miR-335-5p target ATG5 (autophagic), and OCT4 (pluripotent gene) were downregulated, miR-32a target PTEN (tumor suppressor) was upregulated, miR-1285 target P53 (tumor suppressor) was upregulated, and both miR-182-5p and miR-503-3p target BCL2, were down-regulated. Contrastingly, in curcumin-treated A2780 cells, miR-181a-3p target ATG5, miR-30a-5p, and miR-216a target BECN1 (autophagic) were upregulated, and miR-129a-5p target BCL2 were downregulated. The reversal of the oncomiR/TSmiR profile revealed suppression of oncogenic processes by curcumin. Curcumin treatment induced a moderate cisplatin-sensitisation effect and impaired epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. Curcumin also regulated the miR-199a-5p/DDR1 axis with a decrease in collagen deposition. SIGNIFICANCE The activity of curcumin is cell-type specific. Distinct miRNA regulatory networks were activated to induce multiple modes of cellular cytotoxicity in these ovarian cancer cells. This study further highlights the molecular mechanism of curcumin action in ovarian cancers establishing its candidacy as a promising drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febina Ravindran
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Anisha Mhatre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Jinsha Koroth
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Suchitra Narayan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India.
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Kattner AA. He protec but he also attac - Inflammasomes swinging the sword. Biomed J 2023; 46:100663. [PMID: 37777068 PMCID: PMC10568281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This issue of the Biomedical Journal puts an emphasis on inflammasome subunits, the NLR protein family, and the role they play in immunity. CIITA is presented as promising tool for augmenting tumor immunogenicity. Several articles look into the involvement of NLRP3 in inflammatory bowel disease and changes of the gut microbiome, in blood glucose management, in sterile inflammation, and NLRP3's contribution to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, a review concerning small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is presented, insights are provided as to the association of knee pain and patellar malalignment, and the connection between hypoxia and sleep apnea in the case of liver injury is elucidated. Additional articles illuminate the challenge of predicting influenza infections; show how ctDNA may serve as predictor for survival outcome in ovarian carcinoma; and lastly soft tissue changes after bimaxillary rotational surgery are assessed.
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13
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Ottaiano A, Ianniello M, Santorsola M, Ruggiero R, Sirica R, Sabbatino F, Perri F, Cascella M, Di Marzo M, Berretta M, Caraglia M, Nasti G, Savarese G. From Chaos to Opportunity: Decoding Cancer Heterogeneity for Enhanced Treatment Strategies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1183. [PMID: 37759584 PMCID: PMC10525472 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer manifests as a multifaceted disease, characterized by aberrant cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Tumors exhibit variances across diverse dimensions, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional realms. This heterogeneity poses significant challenges in prognosis and treatment, affording tumors advantages through an increased propensity to accumulate mutations linked to immune system evasion and drug resistance. In this review, we offer insights into tumor heterogeneity as a crucial characteristic of cancer, exploring the difficulties associated with measuring and quantifying such heterogeneity from clinical and biological perspectives. By emphasizing the critical nature of understanding tumor heterogeneity, this work contributes to raising awareness about the importance of developing effective cancer therapies that target this distinct and elusive trait of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Monica Ianniello
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Raffaella Ruggiero
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto Sirica
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Di Marzo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
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14
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Blanc-Durand F, Tang R, Pommier M, Nashvi M, Cotteret S, Genestie C, Le Formal A, Pautier P, Michels J, Kfoury M, Hervé R, Mengue S, Wafo E, Elies A, Miailhe G, Uzan J, Rouleau E, Leary A. Clinical Relevance of BRCA1 Promoter Methylation Testing in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3124-3129. [PMID: 37067532 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is closely related to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) benefit in ovarian cancer. The capacity of BRCA1 promoter methylation to predict prognosis and HRD status remains unclear. We aimed to correlate BRCA1 promoter methylation levels in patients with high-grade ovarian cancer to HRD status and clinical behavior to assess its clinical relevance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This is a retrospective monocentric analysis of patients centrally tested for genomic instability score (GIS) by MyChoice CDx (Myriad Genetics). The detection of BRCA1 promoter methylation and quantification of methylation levels were performed by quantitative droplet digital PCR methodology. High BRCA1 methylation was defined as ≥70% and deemed to be associated with homozygous silencing. RESULTS Of 100 patients, 11% harbored a deleterious BRCA1/2 mutation. GIS was considered positive (score ≥ 42) for 52 patients and negative for 48 patients. Using a 70% cutoff, 19% (15/79) of BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer had high BRCA1 methylation levels. All of the highly methylated tumors were classified as HRD, achieving a positive predictive value of 100%. We detected 14% (11/79) low-methylated tumors (1%-69%), and all of them were also classified as HRD. Mean GIS was 61.5 for BRCAmut, 66.4 for high-BRCAmeth, 58.9 for low-BRCAmeth, and 33.3 for BRCAwt unmethylated (P < 0.001). Low methylation levels detected in samples previously exposed to chemotherapy appeared to be associated with poor outcome post-platinum. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ovarian cancer with high levels of BRCA1 hypermethylation are very likely to have high GIS and therefore represent good candidates for PARPi treatment. These results may be highly relevant to other tumor types for HRD prediction. See related commentary by Garg and Oza, p. 2957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Blanc-Durand
- Medical Oncology Department, Gynecology Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Roseline Tang
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Margaux Pommier
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marzieh Nashvi
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Cotteret
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Genestie
- Pathology Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Patricia Pautier
- Medical Oncology Department, Gynecology Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Judith Michels
- Medical Oncology Department, Gynecology Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Kfoury
- Medical Oncology Department, Gynecology Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Robert Hervé
- Oncology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Polynesie Francaise, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Sylvie Mengue
- Oncology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Polynesie Francaise, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Estelle Wafo
- Gynecology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Antoine Elies
- Gynecology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Gregoire Miailhe
- Gynecology Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Est Francilien, Jossigny, France
| | - Jennifer Uzan
- Gynecology Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Est Francilien, Jossigny, France
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Medical Oncology Department, Gynecology Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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15
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Roberts CM, Rojas-Alexandre M, Hanna RE, Lin ZP, Ratner ES. Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Alter Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Expression and Sensitize BRCA Wild-Type Ovarian Cancer Cells to Olaparib. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3919. [PMID: 37568736 PMCID: PMC10417836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, largely due to metastasis and drug resistant recurrences. Fifteen percent of ovarian tumors carry mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, rendering them vulnerable to treatment with PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. Recent studies have shown that TGFβ can induce "BRCAness" in BRCA wild-type cancer cells. Given that TGFβ is a known driver of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the connection between EMT and metastatic spread in EOC and other cancers, we asked if TGFβ and EMT alter the susceptibility of EOC to PARP inhibition. Epithelial EOC cells were transiently treated with soluble TGFβ, and their clonogenic potential, expression, and function of EMT and DNA repair genes, and response to PARP inhibitors compared with untreated controls. A second epithelial cell line was compared to its mesenchymal derivative for EMT and DNA repair gene expression and drug responses. We found that TGFβ and EMT resulted in the downregulation of genes responsible for homologous recombination (HR) and sensitized cells to olaparib. HR efficiency was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, mesenchymal cells displayed sensitivity to olaparib, cisplatin, and the DNA-PK inhibitor Nu-7441. Therefore, the treatment of disseminated, mesenchymal tumors may represent an opportunity to expand the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors and similar agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai M. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st St., Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Mehida Rojas-Alexandre
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 15 York St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruth E. Hanna
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 15 York St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Z. Ping Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 15 York St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elena S. Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 15 York St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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16
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Binas DA, Tzanakakis P, Economopoulos TL, Konidari M, Bourgioti C, Moulopoulos LA, Matsopoulos GK. A Novel Approach for Estimating Ovarian Cancer Tissue Heterogeneity through the Application of Image Processing Techniques and Artificial Intelligence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041058. [PMID: 36831401 PMCID: PMC9954367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor heterogeneity may be responsible for poor response to treatment and adverse prognosis in women with HGOEC. The purpose of this study is to propose an automated classification system that allows medical experts to automatically identify intratumoral areas of different cellularity indicative of tumor heterogeneity. METHODS Twenty-two patients underwent dedicated pelvic MRI, and a database of 11,095 images was created. After image processing techniques were applied to align and assess the cancerous regions, two specific imaging series were used to extract quantitative features (radiomics). These features were employed to create, through artificial intelligence, an estimator of the highly cellular intratumoral area as defined by arbitrarily selected apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cut-off values (ADC < 0.85 × 10-3 mm2/s). RESULTS The average recorded accuracy of the proposed automated classification system was equal to 0.86. CONCLUSION The proposed classification system for assessing highly cellular intratumoral areas, based on radiomics, may be used as a tool for assessing tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A. Binas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Petros Tzanakakis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore L. Economopoulos
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Konidari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Bourgioti
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Lia Angela Moulopoulos
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - George K. Matsopoulos
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
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Tedja R, Alvero AB, Fox A, Cardenas C, Pitruzzello M, Chehade H, Bawa T, Adzibolosu N, Gogoi R, Mor G. Generation of Stable Epithelial-Mesenchymal Hybrid Cancer Cells with Tumorigenic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030684. [PMID: 36765641 PMCID: PMC9913490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer progression, invasiveness, and metastatic potential have been associated with the activation of the cellular development program known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process is known to yield not only mesenchymal cells, but instead an array of cells with different degrees of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes with high plasticity, usually referred to as E/M hybrid cells. The characteristics of E/M hybrid cells, their importance in tumor progression, and the key regulators in the tumor microenvironment that support this phenotype are still poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we established an in vitro model of EMT and characterized the different stages of differentiation, allowing us to identify the main genomic signature associated with the E/M hybrid state. RESULTS We report that once the cells enter the E/M hybrid state, they acquire stable anoikis resistance, invasive capacity, and tumorigenic potential. We identified the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway as a major driver that pushes cells in the E/M hybrid state. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we provide a detailed characterization of the signaling pathway(s) promoting and the genes associated with the E/M hybrid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn Tedja
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alexandra Fox
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family HealthCare Network, Porterville, CA 93257, USA
| | - Mary Pitruzzello
- Department of Dermatology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hussein Chehade
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Tejeshwhar Bawa
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nicholas Adzibolosu
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family HealthCare Network, Porterville, CA 93257, USA
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (G.M.)
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Multiparameter single-cell proteomic technologies give new insights into the biology of ovarian tumors. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:43-59. [PMID: 36635516 PMCID: PMC9974728 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Its diagnosis at advanced stage compounded with its excessive genomic and cellular heterogeneity make curative treatment challenging. Two critical therapeutic challenges to overcome are carboplatin resistance and lack of response to immunotherapy. Carboplatin resistance results from diverse cell autonomous mechanisms which operate in different combinations within and across tumors. The lack of response to immunotherapy is highly likely to be related to an immunosuppressive HGSOC tumor microenvironment which overrides any clinical benefit. Results from a number of studies, mainly using transcriptomics, indicate that the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) plays a role in carboplatin response. However, in patients receiving treatment, the exact mechanistic details are unclear. During the past decade, multiplex single-cell proteomic technologies have come to the forefront of biomedical research. Mass cytometry or cytometry by time-of-flight, measures up to 60 parameters in single cells that are in suspension. Multiplex cellular imaging technologies allow simultaneous measurement of up to 60 proteins in single cells with spatial resolution and interrogation of cell-cell interactions. This review suggests that functional interplay between cell autonomous responses to carboplatin and the HGSOC immune tumor microenvironment could be clarified through the application of multiplex single-cell proteomic technologies. We conclude that for better clinical care, multiplex single-cell proteomic technologies could be an integral component of multimodal biomarker development that also includes genomics and radiomics. Collection of matched samples from patients before and on treatment will be critical to the success of these efforts.
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Single-Cell Sequencing of Malignant Ascites Reveals Transcriptomic Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment during the Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122276. [PMID: 36553542 PMCID: PMC9778425 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the main cause of mortality among gynecological malignancies worldwide. Although patients with EOC undergo aggregate treatment, the prognosis is often poor. Peritoneal malignant ascites is a distinguishable clinical feature in EOC patients and plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and recurrence. The mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ascites in the regulation of tumor progression need to be explored. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptomes of 4680 single cells from five EOC patients (three diagnostic samples and two recurrent samples) derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Batch effects between different samples were removed using an unsupervised deep embedding single-cell cluster algorithm. Subcluster analysis identified the different phenotypes of cells. The transition of a malignant cell state was confirmed using pseudotime analysis. The landscape of TME in malignant ascites was profiled during EOC progression. The transformation of epithelial cancer cells into mesenchymal cells was observed to lead to the emergence of related anti-chemotherapy and immune escape phenotypes. We found the activation of multiple biological pathways with the transition of tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts, and we identified the infiltration of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells in recurrent samples. The cell adhesion molecules mediated by integrin might be associated with the formation of the tumorsphere. Our study provides novel insights into the remodeling of the TME heterogeneity in malignant ascites during EOC progression, which provides evidence for identifying novel therapeutic targets and promotes the development of ovarian cancer treatment.
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20
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DiNatale A, Castelli MS, Nash B, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Regulation of Tumor and Metastasis Initiation by Chemokine Receptors. J Cancer 2022; 13:3160-3176. [PMID: 36118530 PMCID: PMC9475358 DOI: 10.7150/jca.72331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a rare sub-population of cells within the bulk of a tumor that are major contributors to tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TICs have a stem-cell-like phenotype that is dictated by the expression of master regulator transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. These transcription factors are expressed via activation of multiple signaling pathways that drive cancer initiation and progression. Importantly, these same signaling pathways can be activated by select chemokine receptors. Chemokine receptors are increasingly being revealed as major drivers of the TIC phenotype, as their signaling can lead to activation of stemness-controlling transcription factors. Additionally, the cell surface expression of chemokine receptors provides a unique therapeutic target to disrupt signaling pathways that control the expression of master regulator transcription factors and the TIC phenotype. This review summarizes the master regulator transcription factors known to dictate the TIC phenotype, along with the complex signaling pathways that can mediate their expression and the chemokine receptors that are most upstream of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present Address: Janssen Oncology, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Maria Sofia Castelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present address: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Translational and Cellular Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Zong S, Xu PP, Xu YH, Guo Y. A bioinformatics analysis: ZFHX4 is associated with metastasis and poor survival in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:90. [PMID: 35915456 PMCID: PMC9344679 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis was the major cause of the high mortality in ovarian cancer. Although some mechanisms of metastasis in ovarian cancer were proposed, few have been targeted in the clinical practice. In the study, we aimed to identify novel genes contributing to metastasis and poor clinical outcome in ovarian cancer from bioinformatics databases. Methods Studies collecting matched primary tumors and metastases from ovarian cancer patients were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by software R language. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for the DEGs were implemented by Metascape. Venn diagram was plotted to present overlapping DEGs. The associations between the overlapping DEGs and prognosis were tested by Cox proportional hazard regression model using a cohort of ovarian cancer patients from the TCGA database. Genes affecting patients’ outcomes significantly were served as hub genes. The mechanisms of the hub genes in promoting ovarian cancer metastasis were then predicted by R software. Results Two gene expression profiles (GSE30587 and GSE73168) met the inclusion criteria and were finally analyzed. A total of 259 genes were significantly differentially expressed in GSE30587, whereas 712 genes were in GSE73168. In GSE30587, DEGs were mainly involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization; For GSE73168, most of DEGs showed ion trans-membrane transport activity. There were 9 overlapping genes between the two datasets (RUNX2, FABP4, CLDN20, SVEP1, FAM169A, PGM5, ZFHX4, DCN and TAS2R50). ZFHX4 was proved to be an independent adverse prognostic factor for ovarian cancer patients (HR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.13–1.83, p = 0.003). Mechanistically, ZFHX4 was positively significantly correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (r = 0.54, p = 2.59 × 10−29) and ECM-related genes (r = 0.52, p = 2.86 × 10−27). Conclusions ZFHX4 might promote metastasis in ovarian cancer by regulating EMT and reprogramming ECM. For clinical applications, ZFHX4 was expected to be a prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Ping Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Yin-Hai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Di Vito Nolfi M, Vecchiotti D, Flati I, Verzella D, Di Padova M, Alesse E, Capece D, Zazzeroni F. EV-Mediated Chemoresistance in the Tumor Microenvironment: Is NF-κB a Player? Front Oncol 2022; 12:933922. [PMID: 35814425 PMCID: PMC9257640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment to patient survival and remains the primary cause of unsuccessful cancer therapy. Drug resistance occurs in many tumors and is frequently induced by chemotherapy which triggers a defensive response both in cancerous and cancer-associated cells that constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell to cell communication within the TME is often mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) which carry specific tumor-promoting factors able to activate survival pathways and immune escape mechanisms, thus sustaining tumor progression and therapy resistance. NF-κB has been recognized as a crucial player in this context. NF-κB activation is involved in EVs release and EVs, in turn, can trigger NF-κB pathway activation in specific contexts, based on secreting cytotype and their specific delivered cargo. In this review, we discuss the role of NF-κB/EVs interplay that sustain chemoresistance in the TME by focusing on the molecular mechanisms that underlie inflammation, EVs release, and acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Capece
- *Correspondence: Francesca Zazzeroni, ; Daria Capece,
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23
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Keunecke C, Kulbe H, Dreher F, Taube ET, Chekerov R, Horst D, Hummel M, Kessler T, Pietzner K, Kassuhn W, Heitz F, Muallem MZ, Lang SM, Vergote I, Dorigo O, Lammert H, du Bois A, Angelotti T, Fotopoulou C, Sehouli J, Braicu EI. Predictive biomarker for surgical outcome in patients with advanced primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Are we there yet? An analysis of the prospective biobank for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 166:334-343. [PMID: 35738917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer and is associated with high mortality rates. Surgical outcome is one of the most important prognostic factors. There are no valid biomarkers to identify which patients may benefit from a primary debulking approach. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to discover and validate a predictive panel for surgical outcome of residual tumor mass after first-line debulking surgery. STUDY DESIGN Firstly, "In silico" analysis of publicly available datasets identified 200 genes as predictors for surgical outcome. The top selected genes were then validated using the novel Nanostring method, which was applied for the first time for this particular research objective. 225 primary ovarian cancer patients with well annotated clinical data and a complete debulking rate of 60% were compiled for a clinical cohort. The 14 best rated genes were then validated through the cohort, using immunohistochemistry testing. Lastly, we used our biomarker expression data to predict the presence of miliary carcinomatosis patterns. RESULTS The Nanostring analysis identified 37 genes differentially expressed between optimal and suboptimal debulked patients (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemistry validated the top 14 genes, reaching an AUC Ø0.650. The analysis for the prediction of miliary carcinomatosis patterns reached an AUC of Ø0.797. CONCLUSION The tissue-based biomarkers in our analysis could not reliably predict post-operative residual tumor. Patient and non-patient-associated co-factors, surgical skills, and center experience remain the main determining factors when considering the surgical outcome at primary debulking in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Keunecke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Kulbe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Dreher
- Alacris Theranostics GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eliane T Taube
- Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pathology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radoslav Chekerov
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pathology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pathology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kessler
- Alacris Theranostics GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Pietzner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanja Kassuhn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Henricistrasse 92, 45136 Essen, Germany
| | - Mustafa Z Muallem
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan M Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hedwig Lammert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pathology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Henricistrasse 92, 45136 Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Angelotti
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive H3580, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena I Braicu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gynecology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer, ENGOT Biobank, Charité Medizinische Universität Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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24
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Using GPCRs as Molecular Beacons to Target Ovarian Cancer with Nanomedicines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102362. [PMID: 35625966 PMCID: PMC9140059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-year survival rate for women with ovarian cancer is very poor despite radical cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Although most patients initially respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority experience recurrence and ultimately develop chemoresistance, resulting in fatal outcomes. The current administration of cytotoxic compounds is hampered by dose-limiting severe adverse effects. There is an unmet clinical need for targeted drug delivery systems that transport chemotherapeutics selectively to tumor cells while minimizing off-target toxicity. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors, and many are overexpressed in solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the progress in engineered nanoparticle research for drug delivery for ovarian cancer and discusses the potential use of GPCRs as molecular entry points to deliver anti-cancer compounds into ovarian cancer cells. A newly emerging treatment paradigm could be the personalized design of nanomedicines on a case-by-case basis.
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25
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Iurova MV, Chagovets VV, Pavlovich SV, Starodubtseva NL, Khabas GN, Chingin KS, Tokareva AO, Sukhikh GT, Frankevich VE. Lipid Alterations in Early-Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:770983. [PMID: 35495636 PMCID: PMC9048792 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.770983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) ranks first in the number of deaths among diseases of the female reproductive organs. Identification of OC at early stages is highly beneficial for the treatment but is highly challenging due to the asymptomatic or low-symptom disease development. In this study, lipid extracts of venous blood samples from 41 female volunteers, including 28 therapy-naive patients with histologically verified high-grade serous ovarian cancer at different stages (5 patients with I-II stages; 23 patients with III-IV stages) and 13 apparently healthy women of reproductive age, were profiled by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Based on MS signals of 128 differential lipid species with statistically significant level variation between the OC patients and control group, an OPLS-DA model was developed for the recognition of OC with 100% sensitivity and specificity R2 = 0.87 and Q2 = 0.80. The second OPLS-DA model was developed for the differentiation between I-II OC stages and control group with R2 = 0.97 and Q2 = 0.86 based on the signal levels of 108 differential lipid species. The third OPLS-DA model was developed for the differentiation between I-II OC stages and III-IV stages based on the signal levels of 99 differential lipid species. Various lipid classes (diglycerides, triglycerides, phosphatidylchlorines, ethanolamines, sphingomyelins, ceramides, phosphatidylcholines and phosphoinositols) in blood plasma samples display distinctly characteristic profiles in I-II OC, which indicates the possibility of their use as marker oncolipids in diagnostic molecular panels of early OC stages. Our results suggest that lipid profiling by HPLC-MS can improve identification of early-stage OC and thus increase the efficiency of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Iurova
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V. V. Chagovets
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. V. Pavlovich
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N. L. Starodubtseva
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Physics, The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
| | - G. N. Khabas
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K. S. Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - A. O. Tokareva
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. T. Sukhikh
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V. E. Frankevich
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: V. E. Frankevich,
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26
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Simulating the Dynamic Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071645. [PMID: 35406417 PMCID: PMC8996855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor is a complex tissue comprised of heterogeneous cell subpopulations which exhibit substantial diversity at morphological, genetic and epigenetic levels. Under the selective pressure of cancer therapies, a minor treatment-resistant subpopulation could survive and repopulate. Therefore, the intra-tumor heterogeneity is recognized as a major obstacle to effective treatment. In this paper, we propose a stochastic clonal expansion model to simulate the dynamic evolution of tumor subpopulations and the therapeutic effect at different times during tumor progression. The model is incorporated in the CES webserver, for the convenience of simulation according to initial user input. Based on this model, we investigate the influence of various factors on tumor progression and treatment consequences and present conclusions drawn from observations, highlighting the importance of treatment timing. The model provides an intuitive illustration to deepen the understanding of temporal intra-tumor heterogeneity dynamics and treatment responses, thus helping the improvement of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Wilczyński JR, Wilczyński M, Paradowska E. Cancer Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer-A Source of Tumor Success and a Challenging Target for Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052496. [PMID: 35269636 PMCID: PMC8910575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal neoplasm of the female genital organs. Despite indisputable progress in the treatment of ovarian cancer, the problems of chemo-resistance and recurrent disease are the main obstacles for successful therapy. One of the main reasons for this is the presence of a specific cell population of cancer stem cells. The aim of this review is to show the most contemporary knowledge concerning the biology of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and their impact on chemo-resistance and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, as well as to present the treatment options targeted exclusively on the OCSCs. The review presents data concerning the role of cancer stem cells in general and then concentrates on OCSCs. The surface and intracellular OCSCs markers and their meaning both for cancer biology and clinical prognosis, signaling pathways specifically activated in OCSCs, the genetic and epigenetic regulation of OCSCs function including the recent studies on the non-coding RNA regulation, cooperation between OCSCs and the tumor microenvironment (ovarian cancer niche) including very specific environment such as ascites fluid, the role of shear stress, autophagy and metabolic changes for the function of OCSCs, and finally mechanisms of OCSCs escape from immune surveillance, are described and discussed extensively. The possibilities of anti-OCSCs therapy both in experimental settings and in clinical trials are presented, including the recent II phase clinical trials and immunotherapy. OCSCs are a unique population of cancer cells showing a great plasticity, self-renewal potential and resistance against anti-cancer treatment. They are responsible for the progression and recurrence of the tumor. Several completed and ongoing clinical trials have tested different anti-OCSCs drugs which, however, have shown unsatisfactory efficacy in most cases. We propose a novel approach to ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
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van Lieshout L, van der Ploeg P, Wesseling-Rozendaal Y, van de Stolpe A, Bosch S, Lentjes-Beer M, Ottenheijm M, Meriaan A, Vos C, de Hullu J, Massuger L, Bekkers R, Piek J. Survival Is Related to Estrogen Signal Transduction Pathway Activity in Postmenopausal Women Diagnosed with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5101. [PMID: 34680250 PMCID: PMC8533979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), the most common subtype of ovarian cancer, has a high mortality rate. Although there are some factors associated with survival, such as stage of disease, there are remarkable differences in survival among women diagnosed with advanced stage disease. In this study, we investigate possible relations between survival and signal transduction pathway (STP) activity. We assessed the functional activity of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), Hedgehog (HH), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and canonical wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) pathway in 85 primary tumor samples of patients with FIGO stage IIIC to IVB HGSC and disease-free survival (DFS) below 12 (n = 52) or over 24 months (n = 33). There were no significant differences in median pathway activity between patients with a short and long DFS. In univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, ER pathway activity was related to a favorable DFS and overall survival (OS) in postmenopausal women (p = 0.033 and p = 0.041, respectively), but not in premenopausal women. We divided the postmenopausal group into subgroups based on ER pathway activity quartiles. Survival analysis revealed that postmenopausal women in the lowest ER quartile had a shorter DFS and OS (log-rank p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, we were able to form subgroups of patients based on an inverse relation between ER and PI3K pathway activity. In conclusion, in postmenopausal patients with advanced stage HGSC, a poorer survival outcome was associated with low functional ER pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Lieshout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Phyllis van der Ploeg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Wesseling-Rozendaal
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Y.W.-R.); (A.v.d.S.)
| | - Anja van de Stolpe
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Y.W.-R.); (A.v.d.S.)
| | - Steven Bosch
- Laboratory for Pathology and Medical Microbiology (Stichting PAMM), P.O. Box 2, 5500 AA Veldhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Marjolein Lentjes-Beer
- Laboratory for Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, P.O. Box 90153, 5200 ME ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands;
| | - Meggy Ottenheijm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Annelen Meriaan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Caroline Vos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands;
| | - Joanne de Hullu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon Massuger
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ruud Bekkers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Piek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (P.v.d.P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (R.B.)
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Horst EN, Bregenzer ME, Mehta P, Snyder CS, Repetto T, Yang-Hartwich Y, Mehta G. Personalized models of heterogeneous 3D epithelial tumor microenvironments: Ovarian cancer as a model. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:401-420. [PMID: 33940195 PMCID: PMC8969826 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intractable human diseases such as cancers, are context dependent, unique to both the individual patient and to the specific tumor microenvironment. However, conventional cancer treatments are often nonspecific, targeting global similarities rather than unique drivers. This limits treatment efficacy across heterogeneous patient populations and even at different tumor locations within the same patient. Ultimately, this poor efficacy can lead to adverse clinical outcomes and the development of treatment-resistant relapse. To prevent this and improve outcomes, it is necessary to be selective when choosing a patient's optimal adjuvant treatment. In this review, we posit the use of personalized, tumor-specific models (TSM) as tools to achieve this remarkable feat. First, using ovarian cancer as a model disease, we outline the heterogeneity and complexity of both the cellular and extracellular components in the tumor microenvironment. Then we examine the advantages and disadvantages of contemporary cancer models and the rationale for personalized TSM. We discuss how to generate precision 3D models through careful and detailed analysis of patient biopsies. Finally, we provide clinically relevant applications of these versatile personalized cancer models to highlight their potential impact. These models are ideal for a myriad of fundamental cancer biology and translational studies. Importantly, these approaches can be extended to other carcinomas, facilitating the discovery of new therapeutics that more effectively target the unique aspects of each individual patient's TME. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this article, we have presented the case for the application of biomaterials in developing personalized models of complex diseases such as cancers. TSM could bring about breakthroughs in the promise of precision medicine. The critical components of the diverse tumor microenvironments, that lead to treatment failures, include cellular- and extracellular matrix- heterogeneity, and biophysical signals to the cells. Therefore, we have described these dynamic components of the tumor microenvironments, and have highlighted how contemporary biomaterials can be utilized to create personalized in vitro models of cancers. We have also described the application of the TSM to predict the dynamic patterns of disease progression, and predict effective therapies that can produce durable responses, limit relapses, and treat any minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Michael E Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Catherine S Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Taylor Repetto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yang Yang-Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Precision Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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30
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Hornburg M, Desbois M, Lu S, Guan Y, Lo AA, Kaufman S, Elrod A, Lotstein A, DesRochers TM, Munoz-Rodriguez JL, Wang X, Giltnane J, Mayba O, Turley SJ, Bourgon R, Daemen A, Wang Y. Single-cell dissection of cellular components and interactions shaping the tumor immune phenotypes in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:928-944.e6. [PMID: 33961783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Distinct T cell infiltration patterns, i.e., immune infiltrated, excluded, and desert, result in different responses to cancer immunotherapies. However, the key determinants and biology underpinning these tumor immune phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we provide a high-resolution dissection of the entire tumor ecosystem through single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of 15 ovarian tumors. Immune-desert tumors are characterized by unique tumor cell-intrinsic features, including metabolic pathways and low antigen presentation, and an enrichment of monocytes and immature macrophages. Immune-infiltrated and -excluded tumors differ markedly in their T cell composition and fibroblast subsets. Furthermore, our study reveals chemokine receptor-ligand interactions within and across compartments as potential mechanisms mediating immune cell infiltration, exemplified by the tumor cell-T cell cross talk via CXCL16-CXCR6 and stromal-immune cell cross talk via CXCL12/14-CXCR4. Our data highlight potential molecular mechanisms that shape the tumor immune phenotypes and may inform therapeutic strategies to improve clinical benefit from cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Hornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mélanie Desbois
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yinghui Guan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Amy A Lo
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Biochemical Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xingwei Wang
- Department of Digital Pathology, Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
| | - Jennifer Giltnane
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oleg Mayba
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anneleen Daemen
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Ren A, Prassas I, Sugumar V, Soosaipillai A, Bernardini M, Diamandis EP, Kulasingam V. Comparison of two multiplexed technologies for profiling >1,000 serum proteins that may associate with tumor burden. F1000Res 2021; 10:509. [PMID: 34868557 PMCID: PMC8609392 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53364.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this pilot study, we perform a preliminary comparison of two targeted multiplex proteomics technologies for discerning serum protein concentration changes that may correlate to tumor burden in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Methods: Using the proximity extension assay (PEA) and Quantibody® Kiloplex Array (QKA), we measured >1,000 proteins in the pre-surgical and post-surgical serum from nine OC patients (N=18 samples). We expect that proteins that have decreased significantly in the post-surgical serum concentration may correlate to tumor burden in each patient. Duplicate sera from two healthy individuals were used as controls (N=4 samples). We employed in-house ELISAs to measure five proteins with large serum concentration changes in pre- and post-surgical sera, from four of the original nine patients and the two original controls. Results: Both platforms showed a weak correlation with clinical cancer antigen 125 (CA125) data. The two multiplexed platforms showed a significant correlation with each other for >400 overlapping proteins. PEA uncovered 15 proteins, while QKA revealed 11 proteins, with more than a two-fold post-surgical decrease in at least six of the nine patients. Validation using single enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed at least a two-fold post-surgical decrease in serum concentration of the same patients, as indicated by the two multiplex assays. Conclusion: Both methods identified proteins that had significantly decreased in post-surgical serum concentration, as well as recognizing proteins that had been implicated in OC patients. Our findings from a limited sample size suggest that novel targeted proteomics platforms are promising tools for identifying candidate serological tumor-related proteins. However further studies are essential for the improvement of accuracy and avoidance of false results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijithan Sugumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoninus Soosaipillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Bernardini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Nougaret S, McCague C, Tibermacine H, Vargas HA, Rizzo S, Sala E. Radiomics and radiogenomics in ovarian cancer: a literature review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2308-2322. [PMID: 33174120 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal gynecological cancers in the world despite extensive progress in the areas of chemotherapy and surgery. Many studies have postulated that this is because of the profound heterogeneity that underpins response to therapy and prognosis. Standard imaging evaluation using CT or MRI does not take into account this tumoral heterogeneity especially in advanced stages with peritoneal carcinomatosis. As such, newly emergent fields in the assessment of tumor heterogeneity have been proposed using radiomics to evaluate the whole tumor burden heterogeneity as opposed to single biopsy sampling. This review provides an overview of radiomics, radiogenomics, and proteomics and examines the use of these newly emergent fields in assessing tumor heterogeneity and its implications in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nougaret
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM, U1194, University of Montpellier, 208 Ave des Apothicaires, 34295, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Radiology, Montpellier Cancer institute, 208 Ave des Apothicaires, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| | - Cathal McCague
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hichem Tibermacine
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM, U1194, University of Montpellier, 208 Ave des Apothicaires, 34295, Montpellier, France.,Department of Radiology, Montpellier Cancer institute, 208 Ave des Apothicaires, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Hebert Alberto Vargas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, CH, Switzerland.,Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, CH, Switzerland
| | - E Sala
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094409. [PMID: 33922503 PMCID: PMC8122889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They include fallopian-tube-epithelium (FTE)-derived and ovarian-surface-epithelium (OSE)-derived tumors. The risk/protective factors suggest that the etiology of HGSCs is multifactorial. Inflammation caused by ovulation and retrograde bleeding may play a major role. HGSCs are among the most genetically altered cancers, and TP53 mutations are ubiquitous. Key driving events other than TP53 mutations include homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, such as BRCA 1/2 dysfunction, and activation of the CCNE1 pathway. HR deficiency and the CCNE1 amplification appear to be mutually exclusive. Intratumor heterogeneity resulting from genomic instability can be observed at the early stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, I discuss current carcinogenic hypotheses, sites of origin, etiologic factors, and molecular alterations of HGSCs.
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34
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Azimian-Zavareh V, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z, Ebrahimi M, Mirzazadeh K, Nazarenko I, Hossein G. Wnt5A modulates integrin expression in a receptor-dependent manner in ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5885. [PMID: 33723319 PMCID: PMC7970989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5A signals through various receptors that confer versatile biological functions. Here, we used Wnt5A overexpressing human ovarian SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 stable clones for assessing integrin expression, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the ability of multicellular aggregates (MCAs) formation. We found here, that Wnt5A regulates differently the expression of its receptors in the stable Wnt5A overexpressing clones. The expression levels of Frizzled (FZD)-2 and -5, were increased in different clones. However ROR-1, -2 expression levels were differently regulated in clones. Wnt5A overexpressing clones showed increased cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity. Moreover, Wnt5A overexpressing SKOV-3 clone showed increased MCAs formation ability. Cell invasion had been increased in OVCAR-3-derived clones, while this was decreased in SKOV-3-derived clone. Importantly, αv integrin expression levels were increased in all assessed clones, accompanied by increased cell attachment to fibronectin and focal adhesion kinase activity. Moreover, the treatment of clones with Box5 as a Wnt5A/FZD5 antagonist abrogates ITGAV increase, cell proliferation, migration, and their attachment to fibronectin. Accordingly, we observed significantly higher expression levels of ITGAV and ITGB3 in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer specimens and ITGAV correlated positively with Wnt5A in metastatic serous type ovarian cancer. In summary, we hypothesize here, that Wnt5A/FZD-5 signaling modulate αv integrin expression levels that could be associated with ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and fibronectin attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kian Mirzazadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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35
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Singh T, Neal AS, Moatamed NA, Memarzadeh S. Exploring the Potential of Drug Response Assays for Precision Medicine in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010305. [PMID: 33396714 PMCID: PMC7794771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer are differential responses of patients to existing standard of care anti-cancer drugs. These differential responses may, in part, be due to a diverse range of genomic, epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolic alterations among individuals suffering from the same type of cancer. Precision medicine is an emerging approach in cancer therapeutics that takes into account specific molecular alterations, environmental factors as well as lifestyle of individual patients. This approach allows clinicians and researchers to select or predict treatments that would most likely benefit the patient based on their individual tumor characteristics. One class of precision medicine tools are predictive, in vitro drug-response assays designed to test the sensitivity of patient tumor cells to existing or novel therapies. These assays have the potential to rapidly identify the most effective treatments for cancer patients and thus hold great promise in the field of precision medicine. In this review, we have highlighted several drug-response assays developed in ovarian cancer and discussed the current challenges and future prospects of these assays in the clinical management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.S.); (A.S.N.)
- UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam S. Neal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.S.); (A.S.N.)
- UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neda A. Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.S.); (A.S.N.)
- UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Correspondence:
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36
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Nguyen VHL, Yue C, Du KY, Salem M, O’Brien J, Peng C. The Role of microRNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197093. [PMID: 32993038 PMCID: PMC7583982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecological cancer, and the major cause of death is mainly attributed to metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that exert important regulatory functions in many biological processes through their effects on regulating gene expression. In most cases, miRNAs interact with the 3′ UTRs of target mRNAs to induce their degradation and suppress their translation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been detected in EOC tumors and/or the biological fluids of EOC patients. Such dysregulation occurs as the result of alterations in DNA copy numbers, epigenetic regulation, and miRNA biogenesis. Many studies have demonstrated that miRNAs can promote or suppress events related to EOC metastasis, such as cell migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and highlight some key events and regulations related to EOC metastasis. We summarize current knowledge on how miRNAs are dysregulated, focusing on those that have been reported to regulate metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of miRNAs in promoting and inhibiting EOC metastasis. Finally, we point out some limitations of current findings and suggest future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Hong Loan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.H.L.N.); (C.Y.); (K.Y.D.); (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Chenyang Yue
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.H.L.N.); (C.Y.); (K.Y.D.); (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Kevin Y. Du
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.H.L.N.); (C.Y.); (K.Y.D.); (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.H.L.N.); (C.Y.); (K.Y.D.); (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Jacob O’Brien
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.H.L.N.); (C.Y.); (K.Y.D.); (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (V.H.L.N.); (C.Y.); (K.Y.D.); (M.S.); (J.O.)
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Zhang F, Xu Y, Ye W, Jiang J, Wu C. Circular RNA S-7 promotes ovarian cancer EMT via sponging miR-641 to up-regulate ZEB1 and MDM2. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200825. [PMID: 32667627 PMCID: PMC7383824 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one lethal gynecologic cancer, with a 5-year survival rate approximately 47% and localized stage diagnosis of 15%. Circular RNAs are promising biomarkers for malignancies. METHODS CiRS-7 expression was confirmed in 40 paired OC and normal adjacent tissues from 40 OC patients with different TNM stages, lymph node metastasis status and overall survival rate, also 5 different OC cell lines by qRT-PCR. Effects of ciRS-7 silence on OC cell phenotypes were determined in OC cells and Xenograft mouse model. StarBase was used to predict binding sites between ciRS-7 and micRNAs. Pearson correlation analysis and RNA-immunoprecipitation assay were used to determine the association between genes. Point mutation and rescue experiments were applied for molecular mechanism investigation. RESULTS CiRS-7 expression was significantly higher in OC cells and tissues, which was significantly associated with the TNM stages, lymph node metastasis status and overall survival rate in OC patients. CiRS-7 silence inhibited OC cell growth and metastasis. CiRS-7 sponged miR-641 to up-regulate ZEB1 and MDM2 expression in OC development. CONCLUSION CiRS-7 serves as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-641 that promoted cell growth and metastasis in OC, via regulating ZEB1 and MDM2-mediated EMT. High ciRS-7 expression was a poor prognosis of TNM stages, lymph node metastasis status and overall survival rate in OC patients. Targeting ciRS-7/miR-641/ZEB1 or ciRS-7/miR-641/MDM2 axis may be a novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategy for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Bureau Street, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Bureau Street, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Bureau Street, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Changzhou Cancer Biomedical Treatment Center of Jiangsu Province, 185 Bureau Street, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Changping Wu
- Changzhou Cancer Biomedical Treatment Center of Jiangsu Province, 185 Bureau Street, Changzhou 213003, China
- Department of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Bureau Street, Changzhou 213003, China
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38
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Hossen MN, Wang L, Chinthalapally HR, Robertson JD, Fung KM, Wilhelm S, Bieniasz M, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Switching the intracellular pathway and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of small interfering RNA by auroliposome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba5379. [PMID: 32743073 PMCID: PMC7375829 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) is a viable therapeutic approach; however, the lack of effective delivery systems limits its clinical translation. Herein, we doped conventional siRNA-liposomal formulations with gold nanoparticles to create "auroliposomes," which significantly enhanced gene silencing. We targeted MICU1, a novel glycolytic switch in ovarian cancer, and delivered MICU1-siRNA using three delivery systems-commercial transfection agents, conventional liposomes, and auroliposomes. Low-dose siRNA via transfection or conventional liposomes was ineffective for MICU1 silencing; however, in auroliposomes, the same dose gave >85% gene silencing. Efficacy was evident from both in vitro growth assays of ovarian cancer cells and in vivo tumor growth in human ovarian cell line-and patient-derived xenograft models. Incorporation of gold nanoparticles shifted intracellular uptake pathways such that liposomes avoided degradation within lysosomes. Auroliposomes were nontoxic to vital organs. Therefore, auroliposomes represent a novel siRNA delivery system with superior efficacy for multiple therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nazir Hossen
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Harisha R. Chinthalapally
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Joe D. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Magdalena Bieniasz
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Ojasalu K, Brehm C, Hartung K, Nischak M, Finkernagel F, Rexin P, Nist A, Pavlakis E, Stiewe T, Jansen JM, Wagner U, Gattenlöhner S, Bräuninger A, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Reinartz S, Müller R. Upregulation of mesothelial genes in ovarian carcinoma cells is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome and the promotion of cancer cell adhesion. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2142-2162. [PMID: 32533757 PMCID: PMC7463315 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is its early and massive peritoneal dissemination via the peritoneal fluid. It is generally believed that tumor cells must breach the mesothelium of peritoneal organs to adhere to the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) and initiate metastatic growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are only partially understood. Here, we have analyzed 52 matched samples of spheroids and solid tumor masses (suspected primary lesions and metastases) from 10 patients by targeted sequencing of 21 loci previously proposed as targets of HGSC driver mutations. This analysis revealed very similar patterns of genetic alterations in all samples. One exception was FAT3 with a strong enrichment of mutations in metastases compared with presumed primary lesions in two cases. FAT3 is a putative tumor suppressor gene that codes for an atypical cadherin, pointing a potential role in peritoneal dissemination in a subgroup of HGSC patients. By contrast, transcriptome data revealed clear and consistent differences between tumor cell spheroids from ascites and metastatic lesions, which were mirrored by the in vitro adherence of ascites‐derived spheroids. The adhesion‐induced transcriptional alterations in metastases and adherent cells resembled epithelial–mesenchymal transition, but surprisingly also included the upregulation of a specific subset of mesothelial genes, such as calretinin (CALB2) and podoplanin (PDPN). Consistent with this finding, calretinin staining was also observed in subsets of tumor cells in HGSC metastases, particularly at the invasive tumor edges. Intriguingly, a high expression of either CALB2 or PDPN was strongly associated with a poor clinical outcome. siRNA‐mediated CALB2 silencing triggered the detachment of adherent HGSC cells in vitro and inhibited the adhesion of detached HGSC cells to collagen type I. Our data suggest that the acquisition of a mesenchymal–mesothelial phenotype contributes to cancer cell adhesion to the ECM of peritoneal organs and HGSC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaire Ojasalu
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Brehm
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hartung
- Institute of Pathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nischak
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rexin
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Pavlakis
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia M Jansen
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Silke Reinartz
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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Ovarian Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells and Current Treatment Strategies: A Potential Role of Magmas in the Current Treatment Methods. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030719. [PMID: 32183385 PMCID: PMC7140629 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes 90% of ovarian cancers (OC) and is the eighth most common cause of cancer-related death in women. The cancer histologically and genetically is very complex having a high degree of tumour heterogeneity. The pathogenic variability in OC causes significant impediments in effectively treating patients, resulting in a dismal prognosis. Disease progression is predominantly influenced by the peritoneal tumour microenvironment rather than properties of the tumor and is the major contributor to prognosis. Standard treatment of OC patients consists of debulking surgery, followed by chemotherapy, which in most cases end in recurrent chemoresistant disease. This review discusses the different origins of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the major sub-type of EOC. Tumour heterogeneity, genetic/epigenetic changes, and cancer stem cells (CSC) in facilitating HGSOC progression and their contribution in the circumvention of therapy treatments are included. Several new treatment strategies are discussed including our preliminary proof of concept study describing the role of mitochondria-associated granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling protein (Magmas) in HGSOC and its unique potential role in chemotherapy-resistant disease.
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Weng CS, Wu CC, Chen TC, Chen JR, Huang CY, Chang CL. Retrospective Analysis Of Comparative Outcomes In Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Treated With Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox) And Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel And Carboplatin. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9899-9905. [PMID: 31819627 PMCID: PMC6877447 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s217329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to analyze the outcomes of platinum-sensitive (PS) recurrent ovarian cancer treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin (CD) versus paclitaxel and carboplatin (CP). Clinical features were examined to characterize the patient population that would benefit from CD. Materials and methods This is a retrospective review of 122 cases at a tertiary hospital. Patients with PS recurrent ovarian cancer who received CD or CP were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated through the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine PFS predictors. Results In total, 122 patients (75% with first recurrence and 25% with second recurrence) were included. The majority of the patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage and with the histology of serous carcinoma. Median PFS and OS were 14.8 and 55.5 months in the CD group and 13.5 and 56.8 months in the CP group. Subgroup analysis of patients revealed that the CD group had longer median PFS than the CP group among patients with PFI>12 months. Additionally, during the second recurrence, longer PFS was observed in the CD group than in the CP group (medians 22.3 and 13.5 months, respectively, p = 0.019). Conclusion Comparable outcomes in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer treated with CD versus CP were presented in this study. Longer PFS in CD group was observed among patients with PFI for more than 12 months or in second recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Sui Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chih Wu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Chien Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ruei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Yi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Long Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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