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Locantore P, Paragliola RM, Cera G, Novizio R, Maggio E, Ramunno V, Corsello A, Corsello SM. Genetic Basis of ACTH-Secreting Adenomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126824. [PMID: 35743266 PMCID: PMC9224284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cushing's disease represents 60-70% of all cases of Cushing's syndrome, presenting with a constellation of clinical features associated with sustained hypercortisolism. Molecular alterations in corticotrope cells lead to the formation of ACTH-secreting adenomas, with subsequent excessive production of endogenous glucocorticoids. In the last few years, many authors have contributed to analyzing the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of corticotrope adenomas, which still need to be fully clarified. New molecular modifications such as somatic mutations of USP8 and other genes have been identified, and several case series and case reports have been published, highlighting new molecular alterations that need to be explored. To investigate the current knowledge of the genetics of ACTH-secreting adenomas, we performed a bibliographic search of the recent scientific literature to identify all pertinent articles. This review presents the most recent updates on somatic and germline mutations underlying Cushing's disease. The prognostic implications of these mutations, in terms of clinical outcomes and therapeutic scenarios, are still debated. Further research is needed to define the clinical features associated with the different genotypes and potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Locantore
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Rosa Maria Paragliola
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianluca Cera
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Roberto Novizio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Ettore Maggio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Vittoria Ramunno
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Corsello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Salvatore Maria Corsello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
- Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Medical Sciences, via di S. Alessandro 10, I-00131 Rome, Italy
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Labello JH, Benedetti AFF, Azevedo BV, de Lima Jorge AA, Cescato VAS, Rosemberg S, Frasseto FP, Arnhold IJP, de Carvalho LRS. Cushing disease due to a somatic USP8 mutation in a patient with evolving pituitary hormone deficiencies due to a germline GH1 splicing variant. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:104-111. [PMID: 35029852 PMCID: PMC9991035 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present the unique case of an adult Brazilian woman with severe short stature due to growth hormone deficiency with a heterozygous G to T substitution in the donor splice site of intron 3 of the growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene (c.291+1G>T). In this autosomal dominant form of growth hormone deficiency (type II), exon 3 skipping results in expression of the 17.5 kDa isoform of growth hormone, which has a dominant negative effect over the bioactive isoform, is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, disrupts the Golgi apparatus, and impairs the secretion of other pituitary hormones in addition to growth hormone deficiency. This mechanism led to the progression of central hypothyroidism in the same patient. After 5 years of growth and thyroid hormone replacement, at the age of 33, laboratory evaluation for increased weight gain revealed high serum and urine cortisol concentrations, which could not be suppressed with dexamethasone. Magnetic resonance imaging of the sella turcica detected a pituitary macroadenoma, which was surgically removed. Histological examination confirmed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. A ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) somatic pathogenic variant (c.2159C>G/p.Pro720Arg) was found in the tumor. In conclusion, we report progression of isolated growth hormone deficiency due to a germline GH1 variant to combined pituitary hormone deficiency followed by hypercortisolism due to an ACTH-secreting macroadenoma with a somatic variant in USP8 in the same patient. Genetic studies allowed etiologic diagnosis and prognosis of this unique case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haddad Labello
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Anna Flávia Figueredo Benedetti
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruna Viscardi Azevedo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética/LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Valter Angelo Sperling Cescato
- Neurocirurgia Funcional, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sergio Rosemberg
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Pereira Frasseto
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ivo Jorge Prado Arnhold
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciani Renata Silveira de Carvalho
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
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3
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Pedraza-Arevalo S, Ibáñez-Costa A, Blázquez-Encinas R, Branco MR, Vázquez-Borrego MC, Herrera-Martínez AD, Venegas-Moreno E, Serrano-Blanch R, Arjona-Sánchez Á, Gálvez-Moreno MA, Korbonits M, Soto-Moreno A, Gahete MD, Charalambous M, Luque RM, Castaño JP. Epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SST 5 ) in pituitary and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:764-779. [PMID: 34601790 PMCID: PMC8807362 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SST5) is an emerging biomarker and actionable target in pituitary (PitNETs) and pancreatic (PanNETs) neuroendocrine tumors. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of SSTR5 gene expression and mRNA biogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, an overlapping natural antisense transcript, SSTR5‐AS1, potentially regulating SSTR5 expression, was identified. We aimed to elucidate whether epigenetic processes contribute to the regulation of SSTR5 expression in PitNETs (somatotropinomas) and PanNETs. We analyzed the SSTR5/SSTR5‐AS1 human locus in silico to identify CpG islands. SSTR5 and SSTR5‐AS1 expression was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) in 27 somatotropinomas, 11 normal pituitaries (NPs), and 15 PanNETs/paired adjacent (control) samples. We evaluated methylation grade in four CpG islands in the SSTR5/SSTR5‐AS1 genes. Results revealed that SSTR5 and SSTR5‐AS1 were directly correlated in NP, somatotropinoma, and PanNET samples. Interestingly, selected CpG islands were differentially methylated in somatotropinomas compared with NPs. In PanNETs cell lines, SSTR5‐AS1 silencing downregulated SSTR5 expression, altered aggressiveness features, and influenced pasireotide response. These results provide evidence that SSTR5 expression in PitNETs and PanNETs can be epigenetically regulated by the SSTR5‐AS1 antisense transcript and, indirectly, by DNA methylation, which may thereby impact tumor behavior and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel R Branco
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mari C Vázquez-Borrego
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eva Venegas-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raquel Serrano-Blanch
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Medical Oncology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Arjona-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María A Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alfonso Soto-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Developmental Epigenetics group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College of London, London, UK
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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Treppiedi D, Barbieri AM, Di Muro G, Marra G, Mangili F, Catalano R, Esposito E, Ferrante E, Serban AL, Locatelli M, Lania AG, Spada A, Arosio M, Peverelli E, Mantovani G. Genetic Profiling of a Cohort of Italian Patients with ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Tumors and Characterization of a Novel USP8 Gene Variant. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164022. [PMID: 34439178 PMCID: PMC8392476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cushing’s Disease (CD) is a rare but severe endocrine disorder due to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumor, and pathogenetics remained a puzzling issue for a long time. The recent identification of somatic mutations in the 14-3-3 protein binding motif of ubiquitin specific peptidase 8 gene (USP8), present in a consistent subgroup of ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors, have represented a major advance in the understanding of CD pathogenesis. In our cohort of 60 patients we found an incidence of 11.7% of USP8 recurrent somatic mutations whereas a novel USP8 variant (G664R) located upstream the canonical USP8 mutational hotspot was identified in one case. This alteration has never been reported by previous records. The present study provides USP8 G664R variant in vitro functional characterization in AtT-20 cells and demonstrates its possible implication in ACTH-secreting tumor pathogenesis, contributing to enlarge the genetic landscape of CD. Abstract Cushing’s Disease (CD) is a rare condition characterized by an overproduction of ACTH by an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor, resulting in an excess of cortisol release by the adrenal glands. Somatic mutations in the deubiquitinases USP8 and USP48, and in BRAF genes, have been reported in a subset of patients affected by CD. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic profile of a cohort of 60 patients with ACTH-secreting tumors, searching for somatic mutations in USP8, USP48, and BRAF hotspot regions. Seven patients were found to carry USP8 somatic mutations in the well-characterized 14-3-3 protein binding motif (n = 5 P720R, n = 1 P720Q, n = 1 S718del); 2 patients were mutated in USP48 (M415I); no mutation was identified in BRAF. In addition, a novel USP8 variant, G664R, located in exon 14, upstream of the 14-3-3 protein binding motif, was identified in 1 patient. Functional characterization of USP8 G664R variant was performed in murine corticotroph tumor AtT-20 cells. Transient transfection with the USP8 G664R variant resulted in a significant increase of ACTH release and cell proliferation (+114.5 ± 53.6% and +28.3 ± 2.6% vs. empty vector transfected cells, p < 0.05, respectively). Notably, USP8 proteolytic cleavage was enhanced in AtT-20 cells transfected with G664R USP8 (1.86 ± 0.58–fold increase of N-terminal USP8 fragment, vs. WT USP8, p < 0.05). Surprisingly, in situ Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) experiments showed a significant reduction of PLA positive spots, indicating USP8/14-3-3 proteins colocalization, in G664R USP8 transfected cells with respect to WT USP8 transfected cells (−47.9 ± 6.6%, vs. WT USP8, p < 0.001). No significant difference in terms of ACTH secretion, cell proliferation and USP8 proteolytic cleavage, and 14-3-3 proteins interaction was observed between G664R USP8 and S718del USP8 transfected cells. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that, contrary to S718del USP8 but similarly to WT USP8 and other USP8 mutants, G664R USP8 displays an exclusive cytoplasmic localization. In conclusion, somatic mutations were found in USP8 (13.3% vs. 36.5% incidence of all published mutations) and USP48 (3.3% vs. 13.3% incidence) hotspot regions. A novel USP8 variant was identified in a CD patient, and in vitro functional studies in AtT-20 cells suggested that this somatic variant might be clinically relevant in ACTH-secreting tumor pathogenesis, expanding the characterization of USP8 functional domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Treppiedi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Barbieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Genesio Di Muro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Giusy Marra
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Federica Mangili
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosa Catalano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Emanuele Ferrante
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Andreea Liliana Serban
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerardo Lania
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Spada
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Maura Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Erika Peverelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-55033512
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.B.); (G.D.M.); (G.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (E.E.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.M.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.F.); (A.L.S.)
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Fedele M. Pituitary Tumors: New Insights into Molecular Features, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071697. [PMID: 33916675 PMCID: PMC8038398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Special Issue, a series of eight original research articles and six reviews have been collected to highlight the latest knowledge into molecular features, diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of pituitary tumors, one of the most frequent intracranial tumors and neuroendocrine neoplasms [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Fedele
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), 80145 Naples, Italy
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6
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The oncogenic role of ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP8) and its signaling pathways targeting for cancer therapeutics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108811. [PMID: 33600786 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
USP8 is a deubiquitinating enzyme in the family of ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) which can remove ubiquitin from the substrate and protect the substrate from degradation. The upregulated or mutated USP8 becomes hyperactivated and stabilizes numerous oncogenes or proto-oncogenes leading to cancer progression and survival by activating multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, USP8 inhibition is also important to overcome anticancer drug-resistant. This review is the first study to find, combine, analyze, and represent the multiple oncogenic signaling pathways with their downstream and upstream regulation activated or enhanced by USP8, which will help the researchers to find any therapeutic strategy for drug discovery by inhibiting or suppressing the multi-targeted USP8.
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