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Khaled YS, Khot MI, Aiyappa-Maudsley R, Maisey T, Pramanik A, Tiernan J, Lintern N, Al-Enezi E, Shamsuddin SH, Tomlinson D, Coletta L, Millner PA, Hughes TA, Jayne DG. Photoactive imaging and therapy for colorectal cancer using a CEA-Affimer conjugated Foslip nanoparticle. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7185-7199. [PMID: 38506227 PMCID: PMC10993305 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Theranostic nanoparticles hold promise for simultaneous imaging and therapy in colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen can be used as a target for these nanoparticles because it is overexpressed in most colorectal cancers. Affimer reagents are synthetic proteins capable of binding specific targets, with additional advantages over antibodies for targeting. We fabricated silica nanoparticles using a water-in-oil microemulsion technique, loaded them with the photosensitiser Foslip, and functionalised the surface with anti-CEA Affimers to facilitate fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer. CEA-specific fluorescence imaging and phototoxicity were quantified in colorectal cancer cell lines and a LS174T murine xenograft colorectal cancer model. Anti-CEA targeted nanoparticles exhibited CEA-specific fluorescence in the LoVo, LS174T and HCT116 cell lines when compared to control particles (p < 0.0001). No toxicity was observed in LS174T cancer mouse xenografts or other organs. Following photo-irradiation, the anti-CEA targeted particles caused significant cell death in LoVo (60%), LS174T (90%) and HCT116 (70%) compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) at 24 h in vivo showed a 4-fold reduction in tumour volume compared to control mouse xenografts (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates the efficacy of targeted fluorescence imaging and PDT using Foslip nanoparticles conjugated to anti-CEA Affimer nanoparticles in in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan S Khaled
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - M Ibrahim Khot
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Thomas Maisey
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Jim Tiernan
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicole Lintern
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eiman Al-Enezi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Shazana H Shamsuddin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Darren Tomlinson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Coletta
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul A Millner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas A Hughes
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - David G Jayne
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Lamy L, François M, Bezdetnaya L, Yakavets I. Phototoxicity of temoporfin-loaded cyclodextrin nanosponges in stroma-rich three-dimensional models of head and neck cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:1-6. [PMID: 36682510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a multistage treatment, in which cancerous and precancerous cells are destroyed by light activation of a drug (photosensitizer). For a long time, high cellular uptake of the photosensitizer was an important indication of efficient PDT, while the role of photosensitizer penetration was unexplored. Recently, we have demonstrated that nanosponges based on hypercrosslinked β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDp) can increase drug penetration at the cost of their cellular uptake in multicellular spheroids, paving the way for studying the impact of penetration on PDT response. In the present work, we used β-CDp nanosponges to deliver temoporfin to the depth of stroma-rich head and neck cancer multicellular spheroids and then assess PDT response. Encapsulation of temoporfin in β-CDp nanosponges resulted in increased penetration and more uniform distribution of temoporfin in spheroids, however, was also associated with a two-fold reduction of cellular uptake compared to the free drug. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that β-CDp nanosponges possess similar PDT efficiency as the free drug in stroma-rich head and neck cancer multicellular spheroids. Overall, this study suggests that β-CDp nanosponges are a strong candidate for in vivo studies as they have fewer "off-target" effects while providing a similar therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureline Lamy
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manon François
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Modulation of Temoporfin Distribution in Blood by β-Cyclodextrin Nanoshuttles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071054. [PMID: 34371745 PMCID: PMC8308962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy represents a more targeted and less invasive alternative cancer treatment to traditional modalities. Temoporfin, as with many photosensitizers, is given by injection into a vein, and its subsequent fate is largely determined by the binding to plasma proteins and interaction with endothelial and blood cells. Thus, it is essential to be able to control and to alter the biodistribution of temoporfin in blood. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of co-administration of temoporfin with randomly methylated β-CD (Me-β-CD) on the distribution of temoporfin in the main subpopulations of blood cells of healthy donors using absorbance spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. We showed that cell-bound temoporfin fraction in blood strongly depends on the concentration of Me-β-CD. In fact, the accumulation of temoporfin in white blood cells was more sensitive than that in red blood cells, due to the higher volume of membranous organelles in white blood cells. Finally, we demonstrated that Me-β-CD significantly increases cellular uptake of temoporfin cancer human Burkitt′s lymphoma Raji cells. The presence of Me-β-CD resulted in a spotted pattern of temoporfin distribution in the plasma membrane compartment. Our results clearly demonstrated that β-CDs derivatives provide new options to modulate temoporfin biodistribution in blood.
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The Comparison of In Vitro Photosensitizing Efficacy of Curcumin-Loaded Liposomes Following Photodynamic Therapy on Melanoma MUG-Mel2, Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCC-25, and Normal Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040374. [PMID: 33920669 PMCID: PMC8072566 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The research focused on the investigation of curcumin encapsulated in hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine liposomes and its increased photoactive properties in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The goal of this study was two-fold: to emphasize the role of a natural photoactive plant-based derivative in the liposomal formulation as an easily bioavailable, alternative photosensitizer (PS) for the use in PDT of skin malignancies. Furthermore, the goal includes to prove the decreased cytotoxicity of phototoxic agents loaded in liposomes toward normal skin cells. Research was conducted on melanoma (MugMel2), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25), and normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell lines. The assessment of viability with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) evaluated cell death after exposure to blue light irradiation after 4 h of pre-incubation with free and encapsulated curcumin. Additionally, the wound healing assay, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry to detect apoptosis were performed. The malignant cells revealed increased phototoxicity after the therapy in comparison to normal cells. Moreover, liposome curcumin-based photodynamic therapy showed an increased ratio of apoptotic and necrotic cells. The study also demonstrated that nanocurcumin significantly decreased malignant cell motility following PDT treatment. Acquired results suggest that liposomal formulation of a poor soluble natural compound may improve photosensitizing properties of curcumin-mediated PDT treatment in skin cancers and reduce toxicity in normal keratinocytes.
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Egloff-Juras C, Yakavets I, Scherrer V, Francois A, Bezdetnaya L, Lassalle HP, Dolivet G. Validation of a Three-Dimensional Head and Neck Spheroid Model to Evaluate Cameras for NIR Fluorescence-Guided Cancer Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041966. [PMID: 33671198 PMCID: PMC7922741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-guided surgery is an innovative technique for the real-time visualization of resection margins. The aim of this study was to develop a head and neck multicellular tumor spheroid model and to explore the possibilities offered by it for the evaluation of cameras for NIR fluorescence-guided surgery protocols. FaDu spheroids were incubated with indocyanine green (ICG) and then included in a tissue-like phantom. To assess the capability of Fluobeam® NIR camera to detect ICG in tissues, FaDu spheroids exposed to ICG were embedded in 2, 5 or 8 mm of tissue-like phantom. The fluorescence signal was significantly higher between 2, 5 and 8 mm of depth for spheroids treated with more than 5 µg/mL ICG (p < 0.05). The fluorescence intensity positively correlated with the size of spheroids (p < 0.01), while the correlation with depth in the tissue-like phantom was strongly negative (p < 0.001). This multicellular spheroid model embedded in a tissue-like phantom seems to be a simple and reproducible in vitro tumor model, allowing a comparison of NIR cameras. The ideal configuration seems to be 450 μm FaDu spheroids incubated for 24 h with 0.05 mg/mL of ICG, ensuring the best stability, toxicity, incorporation and signal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Egloff-Juras
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (L.B.); (H.-P.L.); (G.D.)
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.S.); (A.F.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, 7 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (L.B.); (H.-P.L.); (G.D.)
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Victoria Scherrer
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Aurélie Francois
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (L.B.); (H.-P.L.); (G.D.)
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Henri-Pierre Lassalle
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (L.B.); (H.-P.L.); (G.D.)
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Gilles Dolivet
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (L.B.); (H.-P.L.); (G.D.)
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (V.S.); (A.F.)
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Yakavets I, Francois A, Lamy L, Piffoux M, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C, Zorin V, Silva AKA, Bezdetnaya L. Effect of stroma on the behavior of temoporfin-loaded lipid nanovesicles inside the stroma-rich head and neck carcinoma spheroids. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:3. [PMID: 33407564 PMCID: PMC7789590 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the highly expected clinical application of nanoparticles (NPs), the translation of NPs from lab to the clinic has been relatively slow. Co-culture 3D spheroids account for the 3D arrangement of tumor cells and stromal components, e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix, recapitulating microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we investigated how the stroma-rich tumor microenvironment affects the uptake, penetration, and photodynamic efficiency of three lipid-based nanoformulations of approved in EU photosensitizer temoporfin (mTHPC): Foslip® (mTHPC in conventional liposomes), drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes (mTHPC-DCL) and extracellular vesicles (mTHPC-EVs). Results Collagen expression in co-culture stroma-rich 3D HNSCC spheroids correlates with the amount of CAFs (MeWo cells) in individual spheroid. The assessment of mTHPC loading demonstrated that Foslip®, mTHPC-DCL and mTHPC-EVs encapsulated 0.05 × 10− 15 g, 0.07 × 10− 15 g, and 1.3 × 10− 15 g of mTHPC per nanovesicle, respectively. The mid-penetration depth of mTHPC NPs in spheroids was 47.8 µm (Foslip®), 87.8 µm (mTHPC-DCL), and 49.7 µm (mTHPC-EVs), irrespective of the percentage of stromal components. The cellular uptake of Foslip® and mTHPC-DCL was significantly higher in stroma-rich co-culture spheroids and was increasing upon the addition of serum in the culture medium. Importantly, we observed no significant difference between PDT effect in monoculture and co-culture spheroids treated with lipid-based NPs. Overall, in all types of spheroids mTHPC-EVs demonstrated outstanding total cellular uptake and PDT efficiency comparable to other NPs. Conclusions The stromal microenvironment strongly affects the uptake of NPs, while the penetration and PDT efficacy are less sensitive to the presence of stromal components. mTHPC-EVs outperform other lipid nanovesicles due to the extremely high loading capacity. The results of the present study enlarge our understanding of how stroma components affect the delivery of NPs into the tumors. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yakavets
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Aurelie Francois
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laureline Lamy
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Max Piffoux
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Vladimir Zorin
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Yakavets I, Francois A, Benoit A, Merlin JL, Bezdetnaya L, Vogin G. Advanced co-culture 3D breast cancer model for investigation of fibrosis induced by external stimuli: optimization study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21273. [PMID: 33277538 PMCID: PMC7718236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is the main late radiation toxicity in breast cancer patients. Most of the current 3D in vitro breast cancer models are composed by cancer cells only and are unable to reproduce the complex cellular homeostasis within the tumor microenvironment to study RIF mechanisms. In order to account complex cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, an advanced 3D spheroid model, consisting of the luminal breast cancer MCF-7 cells and MRC-5 fibroblasts, was developed. The spheroids were generated using the liquid overlay technique in culture media into 96-well plates previously coated with 1% agarose (m/v, in water). In total, 21 experimental setups were tested during the optimization of the model. The generated spheroids were characterized using fluorescence imaging, immunohistology and immunohistochemistry. The expression of ECM components was confirmed in co-culture spheroids. Using α-SMA staining, we confirmed the differentiation of healthy fibroblasts into myofibroblasts upon the co-culturing with cancer cells. The induction of fibrosis was studied in spheroids treated 24 h with 10 ng/mL TGF-β and/or 2 Gy irradiation. Overall, the developed advanced 3D stroma-rich in vitro model of breast cancer provides a possibility to study fibrosis mechanisms taking into account 3D arrangement of the complex tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yakavets
- UMR7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aurelie Francois
- UMR7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alice Benoit
- UMR7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- UMR7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- UMR7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Guillaume Vogin
- UMR7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Centre François Baclesse, Centre National de Radiothérapie du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg, Esch Sur Alzette, Luxembourg
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Abstract
This Special Issue on Cancer Nanomedicine within Cancers brings together 46 cutting-edge papers covering research within the field along with insightful reviews and opinions reflecting our community [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Hoskins
- School of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
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9
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Aslanoglu B, Yakavets I, Zorin V, Lassalle HP, Ingrosso F, Monari A, Catak S. Optical properties of photodynamic therapy drugs in different environments: the paradigmatic case of temoporfin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16956-16964. [PMID: 32672774 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Computational tools have been used to study the photophysical and photochemical features of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) - a minimally invasive, less aggressive alternative for cancer treatment. PDT is mainly based on the activation of molecular oxygen through the action of a photoexcited sensitizer (photosensitizer). Temoporfin, widely known as mTHPC, is a second-generation photosensitizer, which produces the cytotoxic singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light and hence destroys tumor cells. However, the bioavailability of the mostly hydrophobic photosensitizer, and hence its incorporation into cells, is fundamental to achieve the desired effect on malignant tissues via PDT. In this study, we focus on the optical properties of the temoporfin chromophore in different environments -in vacuo, in solution, encapsulated in drug delivery agents, namely cyclodextrin, and interacting with a lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busenur Aslanoglu
- Bogazici University, Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cyclodextrin nanosponge as a temoporfin nanocarrier: Balancing between accumulation and penetration in 3D tumor spheroids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:33-42. [PMID: 32634570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As the intertissue delivery of hydrophobic temoporfin (mTHPC) remains inefficient, we propose the use of cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as a smart, advanced system for improved mTHPC delivery. Recently, we demonstrated that cyclodextrins (CDs) allow mTHPC to penetrate into tumor spheroids via a nanoshuttle mechanism. However, the CD complexes were very sensitive to the dilution, thus limiting their translation invivo. Hypercrosslinked CD monomers in a three-dimensional network (namely, CD nanosponges), however, may form both inclusion and non-inclusion complexes with drug molecules, providing controlled release and prolonged exposure to the drug. In the present work, we demonstrate that epichlorohydrin-crosslinked CD nanosponges based on β-CD (βCDp) and carboxymethyl-β-CD (CMβCDp) monomers efficiently encapsulated mTHPC. We calculated the apparent binding constants between mTHPC and CD polymers (K=(6.3-8.8) × 106M-1 and K=(1.2-1.7) × 106M-1 for βCDp and CMβCDp, respectively) using fluorescence titration curve fitting. The encapsulation of mTHPC in a CD polymer matrix had slower photosensitizer (PS) release compared to monomer CD units, providing deep penetration of mTHPC in 3D tumor spheroids in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the improvement of mTHPC penetration in 3D human pharynx squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu) spheroids using CD polymers was strongly accompanied by the inhibition of PS cellular uptake, demonstrating the delicate balance between the accumulation and the penetration of PS in FaDu spheroids. In summary, mTHPC-loaded CD nanosponges are a strong candidate for further invivo study in preclinical models, which could be considered as an advanced smart system for mTHPC delivery.
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Gibot L, Demazeau M, Pimienta V, Mingotaud AF, Vicendo P, Collin F, Martins-Froment N, Dejean S, Nottelet B, Roux C, Lonetti B. Role of Polymer Micelles in the Delivery of Photodynamic Therapy Agent to Liposomes and Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E384. [PMID: 32046147 PMCID: PMC7072360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers for hydrophobic photosensitizers, in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to improve pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution, is well-established. However, the mechanisms at play in the internalization of nanocarriers are not well-elucidated, despite its importance in nanocarrier design. In this study, we focus on the mechanisms involved in copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(-caprolactone) PEO-PCL and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly styrene PEO-PS micelles - membrane interactions through complementary physico-chemical studies on biomimetic membranes, and biological experiments on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer measurements on fluorescently-labelled lipid vesicles, and flow cytometry on two cancerous cell lines enabled the evaluation in the uptake of a photosensitizer, Pheophorbide a (Pheo), and copolymer chains towards model membranes, and cells, respectively. The effects of calibrated light illumination for PDT treatment on lipid vesicle membranes, i.e., leakage and formation of oxidized lipids, and cell viability, were assessed. No significant differences were observed between the ability of PEO-PCL and PEO-PS micelles in delivering Pheo to model membranes, but Pheo was found in higher concentrations in cells in the case of PEO-PCL. These higher Pheo concentrations did not correspond to better performances in PDT treatment. We demonstrated that there are subtle differences in PEO-PCL and PEO-PS micelles for the delivery of Pheo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Maxime Demazeau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Véronique Pimienta
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrice Collin
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Nathalie Martins-Froment
- Service Commun de Spectrométrie de Masse (FR2599), Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier), 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France;
| | - Stéphane Dejean
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34 090 Montpellier, France; (S.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34 090 Montpellier, France; (S.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (L.G.); (M.D.); (V.P.); (A.-F.M.); (P.V.); (F.C.)
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Stroma-Rich Co-Culture Multicellular Tumor Spheroids as a Tool for Photoactive Drugs Screening. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101686. [PMID: 31618880 PMCID: PMC6832590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional 3D multicellular tumor spheroids of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) consisting exclusively of cancer cells have some limitations. They are compact cell aggregates that do not interact with their extracellular milieu, thus suffering from both insufficient extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and absence of different types of stromal cells. In order to better mimic in vivo HNSCC tumor microenvironment, we have constructed a 3D stroma-rich in vitro model of HNSCC, using cancer-associated MeWo skin fibroblasts and FaDu pharynx squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of stromal components in heterospheroids was confirmed by immunochemical staining. The generated co-culture FaDu/MeWo spheroids were applied to study penetration, distribution and antitumor efficacy of photoactive drugs such as Temoporfin and Chlorin e6 used in the photodynamic therapy flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy techniques. We also investigated the distribution of photodiagnostic agent Indocyanine Green. We demonstrated that the presence of stroma influences the behavior of photoactive drugs in different ways: (i) No effect on Indocyanine Green distribution; (ii) lower accumulation of Chlorin e6; (iii) better penetration and PDT efficiency of Temoporfin. Overall, the developed stroma-rich spheroids enlarge the arsenal of in vitro pre-clinical models for high-throughput screening of anti-cancer drugs.
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