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Luo M, Li L, Chen S, Yan Q, Lv J, Zeng J, Wang H, Gu S, Chen F. Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Oxazoles and Thiazoles via Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization of α-diazoketones with Amides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5038-5048. [PMID: 38517950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
A novel method is described for the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted oxazole and thiazole derivates via the coupling of α-diazoketones with (thio)amides or thioureas using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) as a catalyst. This protocol is characterized by mild reaction conditions, metal-free, and simplicity and also features good functional group tolerance, good to excellent yields, and a broad substrate scope with more than 40 examples. Experimental studies suggest a mechanism involving 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as the key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Lewan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shixin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shuangxi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Jalan A, Moyon NS. Molecular interactions and binding dynamics of Alpelisib with serum albumins: insights from multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2127-2143. [PMID: 37098825 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alpelisib (ALP) is a potent anti-cancer drug showing promising activity against advanced breast cancers. Hence, profound understanding of its binding dynamics within the physiological system is vital. Herein, we have investigated interaction of ALP with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using spectroscopic techniques like absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved, synchronous and 3D-fluorescence, FRET, FT-IR, CD, and molecular docking studies. The intrinsic fluorescence of both BSA and HSA quenched significantly by ALP with an appreciable red shift in its emission maxima. Stern-Volmer analysis showed increase in Ksv with temperature indicating involvement of dynamic quenching process. This was further validated by no significant change in absorption spectrum of BSA and HSA (at 280 nm) upon ALP interaction, and by results of fluorescence time-resolved lifetime studies. ALP exhibited moderately strong binding affinity with BSA (of the order 106 M-1) and HSA (of the order 105 M-1), and the major forces accountable for stabilizing the interactions are hydrophobic forces. Competitive drug binding experiments and molecular docking suggested that ALP binds to site I in subdomain IIA of BSA and HSA. The Förster distance r was found to be less than 8 nm and 0.5 Ro < r < 1.5 Ro which suggests possible energy transfer between donors BSA/HSA and acceptor ALP. Synchronous and 3D-fluoresecnce, FT-IR and CD studies indicated that ALP induces conformational changes of BSA and HSA upon interaction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Cachar, Assam, India
| | - N Shaemningwar Moyon
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Cachar, Assam, India
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Yeom J, Cho Y, Ahn S, Jeung S. Anticancer effects of alpelisib on PIK3CA-mutated canine mammary tumor cell lines. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1279535. [PMID: 38033642 PMCID: PMC10684731 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are commonly observed in old and unspayed female dogs. Recently, dogs have been increasingly spaying at a young age to prevent mammary tumors. These CMTs require extensive local excision and exhibit a high probability of metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and lungs during malignancy. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying CMT development have not been fully elucidated, and research in this area is limited. Therefore, in this study, we established new CMT cell lines by isolating cells from tumor tissues and investigated phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), a target for human breast cancer. PIK3CA mutations were observed at a similar loci as in the human PIK3CA gene in half of all canine samples. Furthermore, we investigated whether alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for human breast cancer treatment, along with fulvestrant, is effective for CMT treatment. Alpelisib exerted stronger anticancer effects on cell lines with PIK3CA mutations than on the wild-type cell lines. In conclusion, we established new CMT cell lines with PIK3CA mutations and confirmed the efficacy of alpelisib for CMT treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiah Yeom
- Research Institute, VIP Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fu S, Liu J, Li C, Wei J, Yue H, Yang A, Wang K, Wu Y, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Structure-based drug design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine derivatives containing benzoyl hydrazine moiety as PI3Kα selective inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106738. [PMID: 37562315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was an important cellular signal transducer, while PI3Kα was the most mutated family member in cancer. Selective PI3Kα inhibitors have become the frequent research in recent years because of their excellent curative effect and reduced side effects. Here, we described a series of PI3Kα inhibitors with 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine skeleton containing benzoyl hydrazine based on the pan-PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 relying on the strategies of structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) and computer-aided drug design (CADD). Among them, compound F8 exhibited improved selective PI3Kα inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.14 nM and more significant anti-proliferative activities against three tumor-derived cell lines (PC-3 IC50 = 0.28 μM, HCT-116 IC50 = 0.57 μM, and U87-MG IC50 = 1.37 μM) than ZSTK-474. Compound F-8 induced a great decrease in mitochondrial membrane which caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis in U87-MG cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, compound F8 induced significant tumor regressions in a xenograft mouse model of U87-MG cell line with no clear evidence of toxicity following intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg. Compound F8 may serve as a PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and provided the opportunity to spare patients the side effects associated with broader inhibition of the class I PI3K family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiakuan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongshuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Ye Y, Huang Z, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Lou C. Synergistic therapeutic potential of alpelisib in cancers (excluding breast cancer): Preclinical and clinical evidences. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114183. [PMID: 36641927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is well-known for its important role in cancer growth, proliferation and migration. The activation of PI3K pathway is always connected with endocrine resistance and poor prognosis in cancers. Alpelisib, a selective inhibitor of PI3K, has been demonstrated to be effective in combination with endocrine therapy in HR+ PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer in preclinical and clinical trials. Recently, the synergistic effects of alpelisib combined with targeted agents have been widely reported in PIK3CA-mutated cancer cells, such as breast, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), cervical, liver, pancreatic and lung cancer. However, previous reviews mainly focused on the pharmacological activities of alpelisib in breast cancer. The synergistic therapeutic potential of alpelisib in other cancers has not yet been well reviewed. In this review, an extensive study of related literatures (published until December 20, 2022) regarding the anti-cancer functions and synergistic effects of alpelisib was carried out through the databases. Useful information was extracted. We summarized the preclinical and clinical studies of alpelisib in combination with targeted anti-cancer agents in cancer treatment (excluding breast cancer). The combinations of alpelisib and other targeted agents significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy both in preclinical and clinical studies. Unfortunately, synergistic therapies still could not effectively avoid the possible toxicities and adverse events during treatment. Finally, some prospects for the combination studies in cancer treatment were provided in the paper. Taken together, this review provided valuable information for alpelisib in preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Maoqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Jiayue Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yiqiong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chenghua Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Kolitz E, Fernandes NJ, Agim NG, Ludwigl K. Response to Alpelisib in Clinically Distinct Pediatric Patients With PIK3CA -related Disorders. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:482-485. [PMID: 35129141 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA -related disorders include vascular malformations, potential overgrowth of various tissues, limb abnormalities, disordered soft tissue, and/or fatty hyperplasia that often leads to significant morbidity. Alpelisib, a targeted inhibitor of p110α, an enzyme encoded by the PIK3CA gene, has demonstrated success in a cohort of patients with PIK3CA -driven overgrowth syndromes. We describe the clinical course of 2 pediatric patients treated with alpelisib under the Novartis Managed Access Program. Both patients, though clinically distinct, demonstrate improvements in overgrowth volumes/extent, function of their affected limb, and quality of life, without significant adverse effects after prolonged treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysha Kolitz
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Nnenna G Agim
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Kathleen Ludwigl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children's Health Dallas, Dallas, TX
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Nebe M, Kehr S, Schmitz S, Breitfeld J, Lorenz J, Le Duc D, Stadler PF, Meiler J, Kiess W, Garten A, Kirstein AS. Small integral membrane protein 10 like 1 downregulation enhances differentiation of adipose progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 604:57-62. [PMID: 35290761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Small integral membrane protein 10 like 1 (SMIM10L1) was identified by RNA sequencing as the most significantly downregulated gene in Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue (PTEN) knockdown adipose progenitor cells (APCs). PTEN is a tumor suppressor that antagonizes the growth promoting Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) cascade. Diseases caused by germline pathogenic variants in PTEN are summarized as PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS). This overgrowth syndrome is associated with lipoma formation, especially in pediatric patients. The mechanisms underlying this adipose tissue dysfunction remain elusive. We observed that SMIM10L1 downregulation in APCs led to an enhanced adipocyte differentiation in two- and three-dimensional cell culture and increased expression of adipogenesis markers. Furthermore, SMIM10L1 knockdown cells showed a decreased expression of PTEN, pointing to a mutual crosstalk between PTEN and SMIM10L1. In line with these observations, SMIM10L1 knockdown cells showed increased activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and concomitantly increased expression of the adipogenic transcription factor SREBP1. We computationally predicted an α-helical structure and membrane association of SMIM10L1. These results support a specific role for SMIM10L1 in regulating adipogenesis, potentially by increasing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which might be conducive to lipoma formation in pediatric patients with PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Nebe
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kehr
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith Lorenz
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Institute of Drug Discovery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna S Kirstein
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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Honglin D, Xiaojie S, Lingling C, Hao W, Chao G, Zhengjie W, Limin L, Jiajie M, Fuqiang Y, Hongmin L, Yu K, Qiurong Z. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Quinazoline Derivatives Containing Thiazole Structure. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Chu X, Bu Y, Yang X. Recent Research Progress of Chiral Small Molecular Antitumor-Targeted Drugs Approved by the FDA From 2011 to 2019. Front Oncol 2021; 11:785855. [PMID: 34976824 PMCID: PMC8718447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.785855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral drugs usually contain chiral centers, which are present as single enantiomers or racemates. Compared with achiral drugs, they have significant advantages in safety and efficacy with high stereoselectivity. Of these drugs, chirality not only exerts influence on the solubility and pharmacokinetic characteristics but also has specific mechanistic characteristics on their targets. We noted that small molecules with unique chiral properties have emerged as novel components of antitumor drugs approved by the FDA in decade. Since approved, these drugs have been continuously explored for new indications, new mechanisms, and novel combinations. In this mini review, recent research progress of twenty-two FDA-approved chiral small molecular-targeted antitumor drugs from 2011 to 2019 is summarized with highlighting the potential and advantages of their applications. We believe that these updated achievements may provide theoretical foundation and stimulate research interests for optimizing drug efficacy, expanding clinical application, overcoming drug resistance, and advancing safety in future clinical administrations of these chiral targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Kirstein AS, Kehr S, Nebe M, Hanschkow M, Barth LAG, Lorenz J, Penke M, Breitfeld J, Le Duc D, Landgraf K, Körner A, Kovacs P, Stadler PF, Kiess W, Garten A. PTEN regulates adipose progenitor cell growth, differentiation, and replicative aging. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100968. [PMID: 34273354 PMCID: PMC8350019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway. Germline PTEN pathogenic variants cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), associated with lipoma development in children. Adipose progenitor cells (APCs) lose their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes during continuous culture, whereas APCs from lipomas of patients with PHTS retain their adipogenic potential over a prolonged period. It remains unclear which mechanisms trigger this aberrant adipose tissue growth. To investigate the role of PTEN in adipose tissue development, we performed functional assays and RNA-Seq of control and PTEN knockdown APCs. Reduction of PTEN levels using siRNA or CRISPR led to enhanced proliferation and differentiation of APCs. Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) transcriptional activity is known to be regulated by insulin signaling, and FOXO1 was downregulated at the mRNA level while its inactivation through phosphorylation increased. FOXO1 phosphorylation initiates the expression of the lipogenesis-activating transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). SREBP1 levels were higher after PTEN knockdown and may account for the observed enhanced adipogenesis. To validate this, we overexpressed constitutively active FOXO1 in PTEN CRISPR cells and found reduced adipogenesis, accompanied by SREBP1 downregulation. We observed that PTEN CRISPR cells showed less senescence compared with controls and the senescence marker CDKN1A (p21) was downregulated in PTEN knockdown cells. Cellular senescence was the most significantly enriched pathway found in RNA-Seq of PTEN knockdown versus control cells. These results provide evidence that PTEN is involved in the regulation of APC proliferation, differentiation, and senescence, thereby contributing to aberrant adipose tissue growth in patients with PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Kirstein
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Kehr
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michèle Nebe
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martha Hanschkow
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa A G Barth
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith Lorenz
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Penke
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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11
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Grudzińska E, Mrowiec S, Pilch-Kowalczyk J, Ciupińska M, Kusnierz K. Small Intestinal Intussusception Due to Complicated Giant Jejunal Diverticulosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020116. [PMID: 33525341 PMCID: PMC7910828 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Jejunal diverticulosis and jejunal lipomatosis are uncommon conditions. Usually asymptomatic, they may cause severe complications in some cases. Intussusception is unusual in adults, but when diagnosed swiftly it can be treated surgically, usually with good outcome. Case presentation: We present a 60-year-old female patient with a history of chronic malnutrition and anemia, complaining of acute abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed intussusception, multiple giant jejunal diverticula and multiple lipomas. The patient underwent urgent surgery, but radical treatment was not possible due to the extent of the diseases. One month later, another surgery was needed due to ileostomy obstruction caused by lipomas. The patient’s condition deteriorated due to malnutrition and concomitant metabolic disorders, which eventually led to her demise. Conclusions: Radical treatment is not always possible in an extensive jejunal disease. Prolonged malnutrition impairs postoperative healing, and therefore surgical or nutritional treatment should be considered in jejunal diverticulosis before the onset of severe complications requiring urgent surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Grudzińska
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (E.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Sławomir Mrowiec
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (E.G.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-6-0145-7648
| | | | - Monika Ciupińska
- Department of Pathomorphology and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kusnierz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (E.G.); (K.K.)
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12
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Riedlinger GM, Joshi S, Hirshfield KM, Barnard N, Ganesan S. Targetable alterations in invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 33441174 PMCID: PMC7805167 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) of the breast is a subtype of invasive lobular cancer which compromises approximately 1% of all epithelial breast malignancies and is characterized by higher nuclear pleomorphism and poorer prognosis than classic invasive lobular cancer (ILC). Since PLC is more aggressive than classical ILC, we examined the underlying molecular alterations in this subtype of breast cancer to understand the possible benefit from targeted therapies. Methods In this study, we investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular alterations in 16 PLC from our institution. Additionally, we examined the clinical and genomic features in 31 PLC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results Overall, our analysis of PLC found that 28% had activating ERBB2 mutations, 21% had ERBB2 amplification, and 49% activating PIK3CA mutations. Among cases from our institution, we found 19% with activating ERBB2 mutations, 25% had ERBB2 amplification, and 38% with activating PIK3CA mutations. In data from TCGA, 32% had activating ERBB2 mutations, 19% had ERBB2 amplification, and 55% had activating PIK3CA mutations. While classic ILC in TCGA had similar percentages of PIK3CA alterations compared to PLC, activating ERBB2 alterations were exceedingly rare, with no activating ERBB2 mutations and only one case with ERBB2 amplification. Interestingly, in further examining TCGA data which included FGFR1 and PTEN, 94% of PLC had alterations in ERBB2, FGFR1, or the PI3K pathway. Conclusions Our results show a high frequency of ERBB2 and PIK3CA alterations in PLC and suggest all PLC should be tested for potential therapeutic targeting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-020-01385-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Riedlinger
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St Room 3553, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Sonali Joshi
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kim M Hirshfield
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St Room 3553, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicola Barnard
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St Room 3553, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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13
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Kässner F, Kirstein A, Händel N, Schmid GL, Landgraf K, Berthold A, Tannert A, Schaefer M, Wabitsch M, Kiess W, Körner A, Garten A. A new human adipocyte model with PTEN haploinsufficiency. Adipocyte 2020; 9:290-301. [PMID: 32579864 PMCID: PMC7469440 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1785083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few human cell strains are suitable and readily available as in vitro adipocyte models. We used resected lipoma tissue from a patient with germline phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) haploinsufficiency to establish a preadipocyte cell strain termed LipPD1 and aimed to characterize cellular functions and signalling pathway alterations in comparison to the established adipocyte model Simpson-Golabi-Behmel-Syndrome (SGBS) and to primary stromal-vascular fraction cells. We found that both cellular life span and the capacity for adipocyte differentiation as well as adipocyte-specific functions were preserved in LipPD1 and comparable to SGBS adipocytes. Basal and growth factor-stimulated activation of the PI3 K/AKT signalling pathway was increased in LipPD1 preadipocytes, corresponding to reduced PTEN levels in comparison to SGBS cells. Altogether, LipPD1 cells are a novel primary cell model with a defined genetic lesion suitable for the study of adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kässner
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Kirstein
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gordian L. Schmid
- Department for General Practise, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Berthold
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, College for Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Saggini A, Santonja C, Nájera L, Palmedo G, Kutzner H. Frequent activating PIK3CA mutations in sporadic angiolipoma. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:211-216. [PMID: 32662895 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiolipoma (AL) is considered as a lipoma variant that is characterized by the combination of mature adipocytes and capillary blood vessels diffusely distributed within the tumor. With the exception of recurrent PRKD2 mutations of uncertain pathogenetic significance, the genetic abnormalities of ALs are unknown, in the absence of any of the specific chromosomal aberrations described in other lipoma variants. METHODS Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of 13 conventional ALs and 5 cellular ALs from 17 individuals were retrieved and analyzed for mutations in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Activating PIK3CA mutations were identified in 14 tumors (78%). All PIK3CA-mutated samples carried the same exon 9 mutation, c.1634A>C (p.E545A). No mutation was detected in exon 20 of PIK3CA. No significant difference between PIK3CA-mutated and wild-type samples appeared to exist based on age, gender, and location of the tumor. All 5 cellular ALs carried the p.E545A PIK3CA mutation. CONCLUSION The high frequency of the p.E545A PIK3CA mutation in both conventional and cellular ALs suggests that activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a key role in AL pathogenesis and reinforces the concept that cellular AL should be regarded as a variant of AL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Santonja
- Department of Pathology, Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nájera
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Yin Z, Hu W, Zhang W, Konno H, Moriwaki H, Izawa K, Han J, Soloshonok VA. Tailor-made amino acid-derived pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2019. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1227-1261. [PMID: 32880009 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are among a handful of paramount classes of compounds innately involved in the origin and evolution of all known life-forms. Along with basic scientific explorations, the major goal of medicinal chemistry research in the area of tailor-made AAs is the development of more selective and potent pharmaceuticals. The growing acceptance of peptides and peptidomimetics as drugs clearly indicates that AA-based molecules become the most successful structural motif in the modern drug design. In fact, among 24 small-molecule drugs approved by FDA in 2019, 13 of them contain a residue of AA or di-amines or amino-alcohols, which are commonly considered to be derived from the parent AAs. In the present review article, we profile 13 new tailor-made AA-derived pharmaceuticals introduced to the market in 2019. Where it is possible, we will discuss the development form drug-candidates, total synthesis, with emphasis on the core-AA, therapeutic area, and the mode of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Moriwaki
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd, 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd, 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
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16
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Venniyoor A. PTEN: A Thrifty Gene That Causes Disease in Times of Plenty? Front Nutr 2020; 7:81. [PMID: 32582754 PMCID: PMC7290048 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern obesity epidemic with associated disorders of metabolism and cancer has been attributed to the presence of "thrifty genes". In the distant past, these genes helped the organism to improve energy efficiency and store excess energy safely as fat to survive periods of famine, but in the present day obesogenic environment, have turned detrimental. I propose PTEN as the likely gene as it has functions that span metabolism, cancer and reproduction, all of which are deranged in obesity and insulin resistance. The activity of PTEN can be calibrated in utero by availability of nutrients by the methylation arm of the epigenetic pathway. Deficiency of protein and choline has been shown to upregulate DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), especially 1 and 3a; these can then methylate promoter region of PTEN and suppress its expression. Thus, the gene is tuned like a metabolic rheostat proportional to the availability of specific nutrients, and the resultant "dose" of the protein, which sits astride and negatively regulates the insulin-PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, decides energy usage and proliferation. This "fixes" the metabolic capacity of the organism periconceptionally to a specific postnatal level of nutrition, but when faced with a discordant environment, leads to obesity related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Venniyoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Oncology Centre, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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