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Seraj H, Nazari MA, Atai AA, Amanpour S, Azadi M. A Review: Biomechanical Aspects of the Fallopian Tube Relevant to its Function in Fertility. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1456-1485. [PMID: 38472710 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The fallopian tube (FT) plays a crucial role in the reproductive process by providing an ideal biomechanical and biochemical environment for fertilization and early embryo development. Despite its importance, the biomechanical functions of the FT that originate from its morphological aspects, and ultrastructural aspects, as well as the mechanical properties of FT, have not been studied nor used sufficiently, which limits the understanding of fertilization, mechanotrasduction, and mechanobiology during embryo development, as well as the replication of the FT in laboratory settings for infertility treatments. This paper reviews and revives valuable information on human FT reported in medical literature in the past five decades relevant to the biomechanical aspects of FT. In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge concerning the morphological, ultrastructural aspects, and mechanical properties of the human FT. We also investigate the potential arising from a thorough consideration of the biomechanical functions and exploring often neglected mechanical aspects. Our investigation encompasses both macroscopic measurements (such as length, diameter, and thickness) and microscopic measurements (including the height of epithelial cells, the percentage of ciliated cells, cilia structure, and ciliary beat frequency). Our primary focus has been on healthy women of reproductive age. We have examined various measurement techniques, encompassing conventional metrology, 2D histological data as well as new spatial measurement techniques such as micro-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Seraj
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Speech and Cognition, CNRS UMR 5216, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Grenoble, France.
| | - Ali Asghar Atai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Amanpour
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Azadi
- School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Gant KL, Patankar MS, Campagnola PJ. A Perspective Review: Analyzing Collagen Alterations in Ovarian Cancer by High-Resolution Optical Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1560. [PMID: 38672642 PMCID: PMC11048585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the predominant subtype of ovarian cancer (OC), occurring in more than 80% of patients diagnosed with this malignancy. Histological and genetic analysis have confirmed the secretory epithelial of the fallopian tube (FT) as a major site of origin of HGSOC. Although there have been significant strides in our understanding of this disease, early stage detection and diagnosis are still rare. Current clinical imaging modalities lack the ability to detect early stage pathogenesis in the fallopian tubes and the ovaries. However, there are several microscopic imaging techniques used to analyze the structural modifications in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen in ex vivo FT and ovarian tissues that potentially can be modified to fit the clinical setting. In this perspective, we evaluate and compare the myriad of optical tools available to visualize these alterations and the invaluable insights these data provide on HGSOC initiation. We also discuss the clinical implications of these findings and how these data may help novel tools for early diagnosis of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal L. Gant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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3
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Gubarkova E, Potapov A, Moiseev A, Kiseleva E, Krupinova D, Shatilova K, Karabut M, Khlopkov A, Loginova M, Radenska-Lopovok S, Gelikonov G, Grechkanev G, Gladkova N, Sirotkina M. Depth-Resolved Attenuation Mapping of the Vaginal Wall under Prolapse and after Laser Treatment Using Cross-Polarization Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3487. [PMID: 37998623 PMCID: PMC10670580 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal wall prolapse is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse and is mainly associated with collagen bundle changes in the lamina propria. Neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser treatment was used as an innovative, minimally invasive and non-ablative procedure for the treatment of early-stage vaginal wall prolapse. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess connective tissue changes in the vaginal wall under prolapse without treatment and after Nd:YAG laser treatment using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) with depth-resolved attenuation mapping. A total of 26 freshly excised samples of vaginal wall from 26 patients with age norm (n = 8), stage I-II prolapses without treatment (n = 8) and stage I-II prolapse 1-2 months after Nd:YAG laser treatment (n = 10) were assessed. As a result, for the first time, depth-resolved attenuation maps of the vaginal wall in the B-scan projection in the co- and cross-polarization channels were constructed. Two parameters within the lamina propria were target calculated: the median value and the percentages of high (≥4 mm-1) and low (<4 mm-1) attenuation coefficient values. A significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the parameters in the case of vaginal wall prolapse compared to the age norm was identified. After laser treatment, a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the parameters compared to the normal level was also observed. Notably, in the cross-channel, both parameters showed a greater difference between the groups than in the co-channel. Therefore, using the cross-channel achieved more reliable differentiation between the groups. To conclude, attenuation coefficient maps allow visualization and quantification of changes in the condition of the connective tissue of the vaginal wall. In the future, CP OCT could be used for in vivo detection of early-stage vaginal wall prolapse and for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Gubarkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Center of Photonics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Arseniy Potapov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander Moiseev
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Darya Krupinova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Maria Loginova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Center of Photonics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefka Radenska-Lopovok
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Gennady Grechkanev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Gladkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina Sirotkina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Center of Photonics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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4
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Atiya HI, Gorecki G, Garcia GL, Frisbie LG, Baruwal R, Coffman L. Stromal-Modulated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1604. [PMID: 38002286 PMCID: PMC10669774 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to detach from the primary site and metastasize is the main cause of cancer- related death among all cancer types. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first event of the metastatic cascade, resulting in the loss of cell-cell adhesion and the acquisition of motile and stem-like phenotypes. A critical modulator of EMT in cancer cells is the stromal tumor microenvironment (TME), which can promote the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype through direct interaction with cancer cells or changes to the broader microenvironment. In this review, we will explore the role of stromal cells in modulating cancer cell EMT, with particular emphasis on the function of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) through the activation of EMT-inducing pathways, extra cellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, immune cell alteration, and metabolic rewiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda I. Atiya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Grace Gorecki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geyon L. Garcia
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Leonard G. Frisbie
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roja Baruwal
- Molecular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lan Coffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women’s Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA
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5
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Samuel T, Rapic S, O'Brien C, Edson M, Zhong Y, DaCosta RS. Quantitative intravital imaging for real-time monitoring of pancreatic tumor cell hypoxia and stroma in an orthotopic mouse model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8672. [PMID: 37285434 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with few successful treatment options. Recent evidence demonstrates that tumor hypoxia promotes pancreatic tumor invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. However, little is known about the complex relationship between hypoxia and the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we developed a novel intravital fluorescence microscopy platform with an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer to study tumor cell hypoxia within the TME in vivo, at cellular resolution, over time. Using a fluorescent BxPC3-DsRed tumor cell line with a hypoxia-response element (HRE)/green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter, we showed that HRE/GFP is a reliable biomarker of pancreatic tumor hypoxia, responding dynamically and reversibly to changing oxygen concentrations within the TME. We also characterized the spatial relationships between tumor hypoxia, microvasculature, and tumor-associated collagen structures using in vivo second harmonic generation microscopy. This quantitative multimodal imaging platform enables the unprecedented study of hypoxia within the pancreatic TME in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Samuel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Rapic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cristiana O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Edson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Crawford AJ, Forjaz A, Bhorkar I, Roy T, Schell D, Queiroga V, Ren K, Kramer D, Bons J, Huang W, Russo GC, Lee MH, Schilling B, Wu PH, Shih IM, Wang TL, Kiemen A, Wirtz D. Precision-engineered biomimetics: the human fallopian tube. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543923. [PMID: 37333379 PMCID: PMC10274705 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The fallopian tube has an essential role in several physiological and pathological processes from pregnancy to ovarian cancer. However, there are no biologically relevant models to study its pathophysiology. The state-of-the-art organoid model has been compared to two-dimensional tissue sections and molecularly assessed providing only cursory analyses of the model's accuracy. We developed a novel multi-compartment organoid model of the human fallopian tube that was meticulously tuned to reflect the compartmentalization and heterogeneity of the tissue's composition. We validated this organoid's molecular expression patterns, cilia-driven transport function, and structural accuracy through a highly iterative platform wherein organoids are compared to a three-dimensional, single-cell resolution reference map of a healthy, transplantation-quality human fallopian tube. This organoid model was precision-engineered to match the human microanatomy. One sentence summary Tunable organoid modeling and CODA architectural quantification in tandem help design a tissue-validated organoid model.
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7
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Li S, Luo H, Kou S, Hagemann IS, Zhu Q. Depth-resolved attenuation mapping of the human ovary and fallopian tube using optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300002. [PMID: 36916760 PMCID: PMC10656701 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of reliable early-diagnostic tools, most ovarian cancers are diagnosed at late stages. Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) has shown promise for identifying diseased ovaries and fallopian tubes at an earlier stage, previous studies either did not provide quantitative scattering mapping or simply used Beer's law to fit the scattering coefficients of each A-line. In this paper, we calculated the pixel-wise attenuation coefficients of ovaries and fallopian tubes in OCT images. Data from 73 freshly excised human ovaries and fallopian tubes from 36 patients have shown that statistical features are statistically different between cancerous ovaries, infundibula, and fimbriae and normal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 63130 St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Sitai Kou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 63130 St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ian S. Hagemann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110 St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110 St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 63130 St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110 St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Pramotton FM, Cousin L, Roy T, Giampietro C, Cecchini M, Masciullo C, Ferrari A, Poulikakos D. Accelerated epithelial layer healing induced by tactile anisotropy in surface topography. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd1581. [PMID: 37027475 PMCID: PMC10081848 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells respond to tactile cues from topographic elements presented by the substrate. Among these, anisotropic features distributed in an ordered manner give directionality. In the extracellular matrix, this ordering is embedded in a noisy environment altering the contact guidance effect. To date, it is unclear how cells respond to topographical signals in a noisy environment. Here, using rationally designed substrates, we report morphotaxis, a guidance mechanism enabling fibroblasts and epithelial cells to move along gradients of topographic order distortion. Isolated cells and cell ensembles perform morphotaxis in response to gradients of different strength and directionality, with mature epithelia integrating variations of topographic order over hundreds of micrometers. The level of topographic order controls cell cycle progression, locally delaying or promoting cell proliferation. In mature epithelia, the combination of morphotaxis and noise-dependent distributed proliferation provides a strategy to enhance wound healing as confirmed by a mathematical model capturing key elements of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Cousin
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamal Roy
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Masciullo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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9
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Mora EMM, Champer MI, Huang W, Campagnola PJ, Grimes MD. Collagen is More Abundant and Structurally Altered in Lichen Sclerosus. Urology 2023; 173:192-197. [PMID: 36509210 PMCID: PMC10038846 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that genital skin and male urethra affected by lichen sclerosus (LS) has increased collagen content and altered collagen structure. METHODS We used picrosirius red to stain and image collagen in human urethral, vulvar, and foreskin specimens with and without LS. Using Image J software, we quantified and compared (1) collagen content (using 2o metrics: collagen proportionate area [CPA] and collagen fiber count), (2) collagen fiber length and width, and (3) collagen structure using the texture analysis technique gray level co-localization matrix (GLCM) with respect to LS status and tissue type. RESULTS We analyzed 23 LS specimens (vulva n=9, urethra n=7, foreskin n=7) and 29 non-LS specimens (vulva n=9, urethra n=7, foreskin n=13). Fiber count and CPA were significantly higher in all LS specimens compared to non-LS specimens (CPA: mean±SD 0.971±0.03 vs 0.948±0.02, P < .007; fiber count: mean±SD = 2906±127 vs 2509±78 fibers; P = .003). Collagen fiber width and length were similar with respect to LS status. GLCM analysis showed decreased inverse difference moment and increased entropy in LS tissues indicative of less homogeneous and more disorganized tissue structure (P<.001). CONCLUSION LS tissues have greater collagen content compared to non-LS tissues. Quantitative assessment of collagen organization, using GLCM, revealed less homogeneity and more disorganization of collagen in LS compared to non-LS tissues. Taken together, our findings suggest that alterations in physical tissue properties seen in LS may be due to both increased collagen abundance and altered structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Miranda Mora
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Melissa I Champer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Matthew D Grimes
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
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10
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Brown Y, Hua S, Tanwar PS. Extracellular Matrix in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Advances in Understanding of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology. Matrix Biol 2023; 118:16-46. [PMID: 36781087 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is notoriously known as the "silent killer" of post-menopausal women as it has an insidious progression and is the deadliest gynaecological cancer. Although a dual origin of HGSOC is now widely accepted, there is growing evidence that most cases of HGSOC originate from the fallopian tube epithelium. In this review, we will address the fallopian tube origin and involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in HGSOC development. There is limited research on the role of ECM at the earliest stages of HGSOC carcinogenesis. Here we aim to synthesise current understanding on the contribution of ECM to each stage of HGSOC development and progression, beginning at serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursor lesions and proceeding across key events including dissemination of tumourigenic fallopian tube epithelial cells to the ovary, survival of these cells in peritoneal fluid as multicellular aggregates, and colonisation of the ovary. Likewise, as part of the metastatic series of events, serous ovarian cancer cells survive travel in peritoneal fluid, attach to, migrate across the mesothelium and invade into the sub-mesothelial matrix of secondary sites in the peritoneal cavity. Halting cancer at the pre-metastatic stage and finding ways to stop the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells from the primary site is critical for improving patient survival. The development of drug resistance also contributes to poor survival statistics in HGSOC. In this review, we provide an update on the involvement of the ECM in metastasis and drug resistance in HGSOC. Interplay between different cell-types, growth factor gradients as well as evolving ECM composition and organisation, creates microenvironment conditions that promote metastatic progression and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. By understanding ECM involvement in the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of HGSOC, this may prompt ideas for further research for developing new early diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies for HGSOC with the end goal of improving patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Brown
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
| | - Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
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11
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Alshehri S, Pavlovič T, Farsinejad S, Behboodi P, Quan L, Centeno D, Kung D, Rezler M, Lee W, Jasiński P, Dziabaszewska E, Nowak-Markwitz E, Kalyon D, Zaborowski MP, Iwanicki M. Extracellular Matrix Modulates Outgrowth Dynamics in Ovarian Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200197. [PMID: 36084257 PMCID: PMC9772079 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) forms outgrowths that extend from the outer surface of an afflicted organ into the peritoneum. OC outgrowth formation is poorly understood due to the limited availability of cell culture models examining the behavior of cells that form outgrowths. Prompted by immunochemical evaluation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in human tissues, laminin and collagen-rich ECM-reconstituted cell culture models amenable to studies of cell clusters that can form outgrowths are developed. It is demonstrated that ECM promotes outgrowth formation in fallopian tube non-ciliated epithelial cells (FNE) expressing mutant p53 and various OC cell lines. Outgrowths are initiated by cells that underwent outward translocation and retained the ability to intercalate into mesothelial cell monolayers. Electron microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments reveal that increased ECM levels led to increased fibrous network thickness and high shear elasticity of the microenvironment. These physical characteristics are associated with outgrowth suppression. The low ECM microenvironment mimicks the viscoelasticity of malignant peritoneal fluid (ascites) and supports cell proliferation, cell translocation, and outgrowth formation. These results highlight the importance of the ECM microenvironment in modulating OC growth and can provide additional insights into the mode of dissemination of primary and recurrent ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Tonja Pavlovič
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Sadaf Farsinejad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Panteha Behboodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Li Quan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Daniel Centeno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Douglas Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Marta Rezler
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Piotr Jasiński
- Department of Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dilhan Kalyon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Mikołaj P. Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
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12
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Zhao T, Zhao Z, Wang S, Pan Y. Quantitative analysis of ovarian cancer pathology using nonlinear optical imaging and lifetime microscopy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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13
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Renner C, Gomez C, Visetsouk MR, Taha I, Khan A, McGregor SM, Weisman P, Naba A, Masters KS, Kreeger PK. Multi-modal Profiling of the Extracellular Matrix of Human Fallopian Tubes and Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinomas. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:151-168. [PMID: 34866441 PMCID: PMC8777377 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence supports the fimbriae of the fallopian tube as one origin site for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The progression of many solid tumors is accompanied by changes in the microenvironment, including alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, we sought to determine the ECM composition of the benign fallopian tube and changes associated with serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs), precursors of HGSOC. The ECM composition of benign human fallopian tube was first defined from a meta-analysis of published proteomic datasets that identified 190 ECM proteins. We then conducted de novo proteomics using ECM enrichment and identified 88 proteins, 7 of which were not identified in prior studies (COL2A1, COL4A5, COL16A1, elastin, LAMA5, annexin A2, and PAI1). To enable future in vitro studies, we investigated the levels and localization of ECM components included in tissue-engineered models (type I, III, and IV collagens, fibronectin, laminin, versican, perlecan, and hyaluronic acid) using multispectral immunohistochemical staining of fimbriae from patients with benign conditions or STICs. Quantification revealed an increase in stromal fibronectin and a decrease in epithelial versican in STICs. Our results provide an in-depth picture of the ECM in the benign fallopian tube and identified ECM changes that accompany STIC formation. (J Histochem Cytochem XX: XXX-XXX, XXXX).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Naba
- Alexandra Naba, Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue,
Chicago, IL 60612, USA. E-mail:
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14
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Jambor AN, Shelton EM, Kijowski R, Henak CR, Campagnola PJ. Assessing collagen alterations in enzymatic degradation models of osteoarthritis via second harmonic generation microscopy. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1590-1599. [PMID: 34454101 PMCID: PMC8542598 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural changes in the collagen II architecture of osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood, which is a large shortcoming in the early diagnosis of this disease. Though degradation can be simulated by enzymes including trypsin and bacterial collagenase, the specific structural features of each digestion and their relationship to naturally occurring OA remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used collagen sensitive/specific Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy in conjunction with optical scattering measurements to probe the resulting architecture changes in bovine knee cartilage upon trypsin and collagenase degradation. Image features extracted from SHG images were used to train a linear discriminant (LD) model capable of classifying enzymatic degradation, which was then applied to human cartilage with varied modified Mankin histological scores. RESULTS The treatment of cartilage with these enzymes resulted in more disorganized collagen structure, where this effect was greatest with collagenase treatment. Using the LD model, we classified the control and degraded tissues in the three zones with >92% accuracy, showing that these enzymes have distinct activity on the collagen assembly. Application of the LD model to human cartilage indicated that collagenase effects were more representative of in vivo degeneration and were also consistent with damage beginning at the articular surface and progressing into deeper zones. CONCLUSIONS SHG and optical scattering measurements successfully delineate trypsin and collagenase degradation and suggest that collagen alterations in human OA are better simulated by the latter mechanism. These results lay the groundwork for using high-resolution SHG and optical scattering as an earlier diagnostic tool than is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Jambor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emily M. Shelton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, 600 Highland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Corinne R. Henak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA,,
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,,
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15
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Kenny HA, Hart PC, Kordylewicz K, Lal M, Shen M, Kara B, Chen YJ, Grassl N, Alharbi Y, Pattnaik BR, Watters KM, Patankar MS, Ferrer M, Lengyel E. The Natural Product β-Escin Targets Cancer and Stromal Cells of the Tumor Microenvironment to Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163931. [PMID: 34439084 PMCID: PMC8394501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary β-escin, a component of horse chestnut seed extract, was first identified as an inhibitor of ovarian cancer (OvCa) adhesion/invasion in our high-throughput screening program using a three-dimensional organotypic model assembled from primary human cells and extracellular matrix. The goal of the study presented here is to determine if β-escin and structurally-similar compounds have a therapeutic potential against OvCa metastasis. β-escin and cardiac glycosides inhibit ovarian cancer adhesion/invasion to the omental microenvironment in vivo, and β-escin inhibits ovarian cancer metastasis in the prevention and intervention setting. Additionally, β-escin was found to decrease the stemness of ovarian cancer cells, inhibit extracellular matrix production in the tumor microenvironment, and inhibit HIF1α stability in ovarian cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. This study reveals that the natural compound β-escin has therapeutic potential because of its ability to prevent OvCa dissemination by targeting both cancer and stromal cells in the OvCa tumor microenvironment. Abstract The high mortality of OvCa is caused by the wide dissemination of cancer within the abdominal cavity. OvCa cells metastasize to the peritoneum, which is covered by mesothelial cells, and invade into the underlying stroma, composed of extracellular matrices (ECM) and stromal cells. In a study using a three-dimensional quantitative high-throughput screening platform (3D-qHTS), we found that β-escin, a component of horse chestnut seed extract, inhibited OvCa adhesion/invasion. Here, we determine whether β-escin and structurally similar compounds have a therapeutic potential against OvCa metastasis. Different sources of β-escin and horse chestnut seed extract inhibited OvCa cell adhesion/invasion, both in vitro and in vivo. From a collection of 160 structurally similar compounds to β-escin, we found that cardiac glycosides inhibited OvCa cell adhesion/invasion and proliferation in vitro, and inhibited adhesion/invasion and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, β-escin and the cardiac glycosides inhibited ECM production in mesothelial cells and fibroblasts. The oral administration of β-escin inhibited metastasis in both OvCa prevention and intervention mouse models. Specifically, β-escin inhibited ECM production in the omental tumors. Additionally, the production of HIF1α-targeted proteins, lactate dehydrogenase A, and hexokinase 2 in omental tumors was blocked by β-escin. This study reveals that the natural compound β-escin has a therapeutic potential because of its ability to prevent OvCa dissemination by targeting both cancer and stromal cells in the OvCa tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A. Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.C.H.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.M.W.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter C. Hart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.C.H.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.M.W.); (E.L.)
| | - Kasjusz Kordylewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.C.H.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.M.W.); (E.L.)
| | - Madhu Lal
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (M.L.); (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (M.L.); (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Betul Kara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.C.H.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.M.W.); (E.L.)
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.C.H.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.M.W.); (E.L.)
| | - Niklas Grassl
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Yousef Alharbi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (Y.A.); (M.S.P.)
| | - Bikash R. Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Karen M. Watters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.C.H.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.M.W.); (E.L.)
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (Y.A.); (M.S.P.)
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (M.L.); (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.C.H.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.M.W.); (E.L.)
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16
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Gant KL, Jambor AN, Li Z, Rentchler EC, Weisman P, Li L, Patankar MS, Campagnola PJ. Evaluation of Collagen Alterations in Early Precursor Lesions of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy and Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112794. [PMID: 34199725 PMCID: PMC8200041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The collagen architecture in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly remodeled in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Many of these tumors begin in the fallopian tubes (FT) before metastasizing to the ovaries and it is important to study ECM alterations in carcinogenesis. Here, we used Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy to classify changes in the collagen fiber morphology in normal FT, and precursor pure p53 signatures and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STICs) in tissues with no HGSOC. Using a machine learning approach based on image features, we were able to discriminate the tissue groups with good classification accuracy. We additionally performed mass spectrometry analysis of normal and HGSOC tissues to associate the differential expression of collagen isoforms with fiber morphology alterations. This work provides new insights into ECM remodeling in early stage HGSOC and suggests the combined use of SHG microscopy and mass spectrometry as a new diagnostic/prognostic approach. Abstract Background: The collagen architecture in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is highly remodeled compared to the normal ovary and the fallopian tubes (FT). We previously used Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy and machine learning to classify the changes in collagen fiber morphology occurring in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions that are concurrent with HGSOC. We now extend these studies to examine collagen remodeling in pure p53 signatures, STICs and normal regions in tissues that have no concurrent HGSOC. This is an important distinction as high-grade disease can result in distant collagen changes through a field effect mechanism. Methods: We trained a linear discriminant model based on SHG texture and image features as a classifier to discriminate the tissue groups. We additionally performed mass spectrometry analysis of normal and HGSOC tissues to associate the differential expression of collagen isoforms with collagen fiber morphology alterations. Results: We quantified the differences in the collagen architecture between normal tissue and the precursors with good classification accuracy. Through proteomic analysis, we identified the downregulation of single α-chains including those for Col I and III, where these results are consistent with our previous SHG-based supramolecular analyses. Conclusion: This work provides new insights into ECM remodeling in early ovarian cancer and suggests the combined use of SHG microscopy and mass spectrometry as a new diagnostic/prognostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal L. Gant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
| | - Alexander N. Jambor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
| | - Zihui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Eric C. Rentchler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
| | - Paul Weisman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.P.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.P.); (P.J.C.)
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17
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James DS, Campagnola PJ. Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:3973857. [PMID: 37849910 PMCID: PMC10521653 DOI: 10.34133/2021/3973857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological tissues. Although SHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms, the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton microscope. In this review, we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of SHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural information. We provide an overview of recent advances showing how SHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers, fibroses, and the cornea, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Specific examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are highlighted. Similarly, we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index, which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue assemblies. Lastly, we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of SHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions, especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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18
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Brett EA, Sauter MA, Machens HG, Duscher D. Tumor-associated collagen signatures: pushing tumor boundaries. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:14. [PMID: 32637098 PMCID: PMC7331261 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2006, a new model of invasive breast tumor emerged and, since 2011, is gaining recognition and research momentum. "Tumor-associated collagen signatures" describe 3 distinct layers of collagen which radiate outward in shells from the main body of the tumor. The outermost layer (TACS3) features branches of collagen radiating away from the tumor, 90° perpendicular to the tumor surface. TACS3 increases tumor span and correlates directly with metastasis, though presently difficult to detect in breast tissue. TACS is an emerging model but has been validated by multiple labs in vitro and in vivo, specifically for breast cancer prognostics. Newly recognized and accepted tumor borders will impact both R0 resections and downstream surgical reconstruction. This review aims to comprehensively introduce and connect the ranging literature on linearized collagen of invasive tumor borders. Using PubMed keyword searches containing "aligned," "linear," "oriented," and "organized," we have gathered the studies on TACS, integrated the concept into the clinic, and projected future platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Brett
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias A Sauter
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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