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Zhu M, Li H, Zheng Y, Yang J. Targeting TOP2B as a vulnerability in aging and aging-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167044. [PMID: 38296114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing trend of rapid aging of the global population has unavoidably resulted in an increase in aging-related diseases. There is an immense amount of interest in the scientific community for the identification of molecular targets that may effectively mitigate the process of aging and aging-related diseases. The enzyme Topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) plays a crucial role in resolving the topological challenges that occur during DNA-related processes. It is believed that the disruption of TOP2B function contributes to the aging of cells and tissues, as well as the development of age-related diseases. Consequently, targeting TOP2B appears to be a promising approach for interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of aging. This review focuses on recent advancements in the understanding of the role of TOP2B in the processing of aging and aging-related disorders, thus providing a novel avenue for the development of anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Jimbu L, Mesaros O, Joldes C, Neaga A, Zaharie L, Zdrenghea M. MicroRNAs Associated with a Bad Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Their Impact on Macrophage Polarization. Biomedicines 2024; 12:121. [PMID: 38255226 PMCID: PMC10813737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) associated with gene expression regulation. Since the discovery of the first miRNA in 1993, thousands of miRNAs have been studied and they have been associated not only with physiological processes, but also with various diseases such as cancer and inflammatory conditions. MiRNAs have proven to be not only significant biomarkers but also an interesting therapeutic target in various diseases, including cancer. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), miRNAs have been regarded as a welcome addition to the limited therapeutic armamentarium, and there is a vast amount of data on miRNAs and their dysregulation. Macrophages are innate immune cells, present in various tissues involved in both tissue repair and phagocytosis. Based on their polarization, macrophages can be classified into two groups: M1 macrophages with pro-inflammatory functions and M2 macrophages with an anti-inflammatory action. In cancer, M2 macrophages are associated with tumor evasion, metastasis, and a poor outcome. Several miRNAs have been associated with a poor prognosis in AML and with either the M1 or M2 macrophage phenotype. In the present paper, we review miRNAs with a reported negative prognostic significance in cancer with a focus on AML and analyze their potential impact on macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.J.); (A.N.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.J.); (A.N.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Joldes
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.J.); (A.N.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.J.); (A.N.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Zaharie
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.J.); (A.N.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.J.); (A.N.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Carvajal-Moreno J, Hernandez VA, Wang X, Li J, Yalowich JC, Elton TS. Effects of hsa-miR-9-3p and hsa-miR-9-5p on Topoisomerase II β Expression in Human Leukemia K562 Cells with Acquired Resistance to Etoposide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:265-276. [PMID: 36410793 PMCID: PMC9875313 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2α/170; 170 kDa) and topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2β/180; 180 kDa) are targets for a number of anticancer drugs, whose clinical efficacy is attenuated by chemoresistance. Our laboratory selected for an etoposide-resistant K562 clonal subline designated K/VP.5. These cells exhibited decreased TOP2α/170 and TOP2β/180 expression. We previously demonstrated that a microRNA-9 (miR-9)-mediated posttranscriptional mechanism plays a role in drug resistance via reduced TOP2α/170 protein in K/VP.5 cells. Here, it is hypothesized that a similar miR-9 mechanism is responsible for decreased TOP2β/180 levels in K/VP.5 cells. Both miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p are overexpressed in K/VP.5 compared with K562 cells, demonstrated by microRNA (miRNA) sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of TOP2β/180 contains miRNA recognition elements (MRE) for both miRNAs. Cotransfection of K562 cells with a luciferase reporter plasmid harboring TOP2β/180 3'-UTR plus miR-9-3p or miR-9-5p mimics resulted in statistically significant decreased luciferase expression. miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p MRE mutations prevented this decrease, validating direct interaction between these miRNAs and TOP2β/180 mRNA. Transfection of K562 cells with miR-9-3p/5p mimics led to decreased TOP2β protein levels without a change in TOP2β/180 mRNA and resulted in reduced TOP2β-specific XK469-induced DNA damage. Conversely, K/VP.5 cells transfected with miR-9-3p/5p inhibitors led to increased TOP2β/180 protein without a change in TOP2β/180 mRNA and resulted in enhancement of XK469-induced DNA damage. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that TOP2β/180 mRNA is translationally repressed by miR-9-3p/5p, that these miRNAs play a role in acquired resistance to etoposide, and that they are potential targets for circumvention of resistance to TOP2-targeted agents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Results presented here indicate that miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p play a role in acquired resistance to etoposide via decreased DNA topoisomerase IIβ 180 kDa protein levels. These findings contribute further information about and potential strategies for circumvention of drug resistance by modulation of microRNA levels. In addition, miR-9-3p and miR-9-5p overexpression in cancer chemoresistance may lead to future validation as biomarkers of responsiveness to DNA topoisomerase II-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Carvajal-Moreno
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Victor A Hernandez
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Junan Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terry S Elton
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology (J.C.-M., V.A.H., X.W., J.C.Y., T.S.E.) and Division of Outcomes and Translational Science (J.I.), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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4
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An integrated multi-omics analysis of topoisomerase family in pan-cancer: Friend or foe? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274546. [PMID: 36288358 PMCID: PMC9604985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that get to the bottom of topological troubles related with DNA all through a range of genetic procedures. More and more studies have shown that topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage plays crucial roles in tumor cell death and carcinogenesis. There is however still a lack of comprehensive multi-omics studies related to topoisomerase family genes from a pan-cancer perspective. METHODS In this study, a multiomics pan-cancer analysis of topoisomerase family genes was conducted by integrating over 10,000 multi-dimensional cancer genomic data across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 481 small molecule drug response data from cancer therapeutics response portal (CTRP) as well as normal tissue data from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). Finally, overall activity-level analyses of topoisomerase in pan-cancers were performed by gene set variation analysis (GSVA), together with differential expression, clinical relevancy, immune cell infiltration and regulation of cancer-related pathways. RESULTS Dysregulated gene expression of topoisomerase family were related to genomic changes and abnormal epigenetic modifications. The expression levels of topoisomerase family genes could significantly impact cancer progression, intratumoral heterogeneity, alterations in the immunological condition and regulation of the cancer marker-related pathways, which in turn caused the differences in potential drugs sensitivity and the distinct prognosis of patients. CONCLUSION It was anticipated that topoisomerase family genes would become novel prognostic biomarkers for cancer patients and provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Thomaidou AC, Batsaki P, Adamaki M, Goulielmaki M, Baxevanis CN, Zoumpourlis V, Fortis SP. Promising Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: The Most Clinically Important miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158257. [PMID: 35897831 PMCID: PMC9367895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that extend from the oral cavity to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The principal etiologic factors for oral tumors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, while human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been accused of a high incidence of pharyngeal tumors. Accordingly, HPV detection has been extensively used to categorize carcinomas of the head and neck. The diverse nature of HNC highlights the necessity for novel, sensitive, and precise biomarkers for the prompt diagnosis of the disease, its successful monitoring, and the timely prognosis of patient clinical outcomes. In this context, the identification of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) and/or the detection of alterations in their expression patterns, in a variety of somatic fluids and tissues, could serve as valuable biomarkers for precision oncology. In the present review, we summarize some of the most frequently studied miRNAs (including miR-21, -375, -99, -34a, -200, -31, -125a/b, -196a/b, -9, -181a, -155, -146a, -23a, -16, -29, and let-7), their role as biomarkers, and their implication in HNC pathogenesis. Moreover, we designate the potential of given miRNAs and miRNA signatures as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for successful patient stratification. Finally, we discuss the currently ongoing clinical trials that aim to identify the diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility of miRNAs in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C. Thomaidou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
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6
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Wang A, Chen Y, Shi L, Li M, Li L, Wang S, Wang C. Tumor-suppressive MEG3 induces microRNA-493-5p expression to reduce arabinocytosine chemoresistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells by downregulating the METTL3/MYC axis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:288. [PMID: 35761379 PMCID: PMC9235226 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance serves as a huge obstacle for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. To counteract the chemoresistance in AML cells, we discussed the role of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in arabinocytosine (AraC) chemoresistance in AML cells. Methods MEG3, microRNA (miR)-493-5p, methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and MYC expression in AML cells was determined and then their interactions were also analyzed. Then, the viability and apoptosis of AML cells were determined through loss- and gain- function assay. The level of m6A modification in AML cells was examined. AML mouse models were also established to validate the potential roles of MEG3. Results MEG3 and miR-493-5p were downregulated in AML cells, and they were lower in resistant cells than in parental cells. MEG3 led to elevated expression of miR-493-5p which targeted METTL3. METTL3 increased expression of MYC by promoting its m6A levels. Overexpression of MEG3 and miR-493-5p or knockdown of METTL3 inhibited HL-60 and Molm13 cell proliferation and promoted their apoptosis. Overexpressed MEG3 induced heightened sensitivity of AML cells to AraC. However, the suppression of miR-493-5p reversed the effects of overexpressed MEG3 on AML cells. Conclusions Collectively, MEG3 could upregulate miR-493-5p expression and suppress the METTL3/MYC axis through MYC m6A methylation, by which MEG3 promoted the chemosensitivity of AML cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03456-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airong Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, No. 1, Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, No. 1, Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, No. 1, Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, No. 1, Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, No. 1, Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, No. 1, Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, No. 1, Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu X, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li P, Yu S, Liu N, Ye J, Ma D, Ji C. Restoration of miR-23a expression by chidamide sensitizes CML cells to imatinib treatment with concomitant downregulation of CRYAB. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8881-8892. [PMID: 35333695 PMCID: PMC9162009 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various processes from the initiation and development of cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this report, we aimed to investigate the roles of miR-23a in the regulation of imatinib mesylate (IM) sensitivity in CML cells and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. We demonstrated that the expression of miR-23a was markedly low in bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients in whom IM treatment had failed and imatinib-resistant K562/G01 cells when compared to patients with optimal responses and imatinib-sensitive K562 cells, respectively. Overexpression of miR-23a was shown to induce apoptosis of K562/G01 cells and sensitize these cells to imatinib treatment. With the aid of bioinformatics analysis, we revealed that CRYAB could be a potential downstream effector of miR-23a, contributing to miR-23a-mediated IM resistance. We also observed that the expression of CRYAB was inversely correlated with miR-23a expression in CML cell lines and patient samples. Importantly, chidamide upregulated miR-23a expression and reversed the IM resistance of CML cells. Together, these findings strongly suggest that miR-23a acts as a tumor suppressor by downregulating CRYAB expression. Restoration of miR-23a by chidamide may therefore have a therapeutic effect in controlling the sensitivity of CML cells to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunxun Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China.,Department of Hematology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China.,Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, shandong, China
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Zebisch A, Sill H. How do non-coding RNAs impact treatment regimens currently being used in AML? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:331-333. [PMID: 35245428 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2049764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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9
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Mirfakhraie R, Noorazar L, Mohammadian M, Hajifathali A, Gholizadeh M, Salimi M, Sankanian G, Roshandel E, Mehdizadeh M. Treatment Failure in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focus on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Leuk Res 2021; 112:106751. [PMID: 34808592 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of blood malignancies that results in an AML-associated high mortality rate each year. Several causes have been reported as prognostic factors for AML in children and adults, the most important of which are cytogenetic abnormalities and environmental risk factors. Following the discovery of numerous drugs for AML treatment, leukemic cells sought a way to escape from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs, leading to treatment failure. Nowadays, comprehensive studies have looked at the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by AML blasts and how the microenvironment of the tumor changes in favor of cancer progression and survival to discover the mechanisms of treatment failure to choose the well-advised treatment. Reports show that malignant cells secrete EVs that transmit messages to adjacent cells and the tumor's microenvironment. By secreting EVs, containing immune-inhibiting cytokines, AML cells inactivate the immune system against malignant cells, thus ensuring their survival. Also, increased secretion of EVs in various malignancies indicates an unfavorable prognostic factor and the possibility of drug resistance. In this study, we briefly reviewed the challenges of treating AML with a glance at the EVs' role in this process. It is hoped that with a deeper understanding of EVs, new therapies will be developed to eliminate the relapse of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mirfakhraie
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Noorazar
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mozhdeh Mohammadian
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Gholizadeh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghazaleh Sankanian
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Roshandel
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Mehdizadeh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Mayer MC, Berg JL, Perfler B, Hatzl S, Herzog SA, Bachmaier G, Berghold A, Reinisch A, Wölfler A, Sill H, Zebisch A. miR-23a mediates resistance to hypomethylating agents in myeloid neoplasms. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:2845-2847. [PMID: 34291333 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christina Mayer
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Lorenz Berg
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Bianca Perfler
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Hatzl
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Sereina Annik Herzog
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Bachmaier
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Wölfler
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036, Graz, Austria.
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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11
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Autophagy-mediating microRNAs in cancer chemoresistance. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:517-536. [PMID: 32875398 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a complex phenomenon responsible for failure in response to chemotherapy agents and more than 90% of deaths in cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a subgroup of non-coding RNAs with lengths between 21 and 25 nucleotides, are involved in various cancer processes like chemoresistance via interacting with their target mRNAs and suppressing their expression. Autophagy is a greatly conserved procedure involving the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic contents and organelles to deal with environmental stresses like hypoxia and starvation. Autophagy contributes to response to chemotherapy agents: autophagy can act as a protective mechanism for mediating the resistance in response to chemotherapy or can induce autophagic cell death and mediate the sensitivity to chemotherapy. On the other hand, one of the processes targeted by microRNAs in the regulation of chemoresistance is autophagy. Hence, we studied the literatures on chemoresistance mechanisms, the miRNAs' role in cancer, and the miRNAs' role in chemoresistance by modulating autophagy. Graphical Abstract.
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12
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Dutta S, Pregartner G, Rücker FG, Heitzer E, Zebisch A, Bullinger L, Berghold A, Döhner K, Sill H. Functional Classification of TP53 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E637. [PMID: 32164171 PMCID: PMC7139772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the TP53 gene occur in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and confer an exceedingly adverse prognosis. However, whether different types of TP53 mutations exert a uniformly poor outcome has not been investigated yet. Here, we addressed this issue by analyzing data of 1537 patients intensively treated within protocols of the German-Austrian AML study group. We classified TP53 mutations depending on their impact on protein structure and according to the evolutionary action (EAp53) score and the relative fitness score (RFS). In 98/1537 (6.4%) patients, 108 TP53 mutations were detected. While the discrimination depending on the protein structure and the EAp53 score did not show a survival difference, patients with low-risk and high-risk AML-specific RFS showed a different overall survival (OS; median, 12.9 versus 5.5 months, p = 0.017) and event-free survival (EFS; median, 7.3 versus 5.2 months, p = 0.054). In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, gender, white blood cell count, cytogenetic risk, type of AML, and TP53 variant allele frequency, these differences were statistically significant for both OS (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.15-4.0; p = 0.017) and EFS (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06-3.69; p = 0.033). We conclude that the AML-specific RFS is of prognostic value in patients with TP53-mutated AML and a useful tool for therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Dutta
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank G Rücker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
- Otto-Loewi-Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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