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Kim G, Kim EY, Lee H, Shin SH, Lee SH, Sohn KY, Kim JW, Lee JS. 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol treatment inhibits abnormal tumor growth by regulating neutrophil infiltration in a non-small cell lung carcinoma mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117269. [PMID: 39137654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor that contributes to tumor overgrowth and limited immunotherapy efficacy. Neutrophils activate various receptors involved in tumor progression, while suppressing the infiltration and activity of cytotoxic T cells and creating optimal conditions for tumor growth. Therefore, the appropriate control of neutrophil infiltration is an effective strategy for tumor treatment. In the present study, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) inhibited tumor overgrowth by suppressing excessive neutrophil infiltration, resulting in >74.97 % reduction in tumor size in a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) mouse model. All subjects in the positive control group died during the 90-day survival period, whereas only four subjects in the PLAG treatment group survived. PLAG had a significantly higher tumor growth inhibitory effect and survival rate than other neutrophil infiltration-targeting inhibitors (e.g., Navarixin, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D antibody [aLy6G]). The ability of PLAG to regulate neutrophil infiltration and inhibit tumor growth depends on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). In tumors lacking TXNIP expression, PLAG failed to control neutrophil infiltration and infiltration-related factor release, and the inhibitory effect of PLAG on tumor growth was reduced. PLAG-mediated inhibition of neutrophil infiltration enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), increasing the antitumor efficacy and survival rate by 30 %. In conclusion, PLAG could be a novel alternative to anti-tumor drugs that effectively targets excessive neutrophil infiltration into cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guentae Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea; Biotoxtech, 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Kwahak-ro, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Sam Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 14F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yang Z, Li H, Dong T, Li G, Chen D, Li S, Wang Y, Pan Y, Lu T, Yang G, Zhang G, Cheng P, Wang X. Comprehensive analysis of resistance mechanisms to EGFR-TKIs and establishment and validation of prognostic model. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13773-13792. [PMID: 37532906 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the first-line therapy for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring activating EGFR mutations. However, the emergence of drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs remains a critical obstacle for successful treatment and is associated with poor patient outcomes. The overarching objective of this study is to apply bioinformatics tools to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying resistance to EGFR-TKIs and develop a robust predictive model. METHODS The genes associated with gefitinib resistance in the LUAD cell Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were identified using gene chip expression data. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration analysis were performed to comprehensively explore the mechanism of gefitinib resistance. Furthermore, a GRRG_score was constructed by integrating genes related to LUAD prognosis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database with the screened Gefitinib Resistant Related differentially expressed genes (GRRDEGs) using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) features and their association with immune infiltration between different GRRG_score groups. A prognostic model for LUAD was developed based on the GRRG_score and validated. The HPA database was used to validate protein expression. The CTR-DB database was utilized to validate the results of drug therapy prediction based on the relevant genes. RESULTS A total of 110 differentially expression genes were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Sphingolipid metabolism. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that biological processes strongly correlated with gefitinib resistance were cell proliferation and immune-related pathways, EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION, APICAL_SURFACE, and APICAL_JUNCTION were highly expressed in the drug-resistant group; KRAS_SIGNALING_DN, HYPOXIA, and HEDGEHOG_SIGNALING were highly expressed in the drug-resistant group. The GRRG_score was constructed based on the expression levels of 13 genes, including HSPA2, ATP8B3, SPOCK1, EIF6, NUP62CL, BCAR3, PCSK9, NT5E, FLNC, KRT8, FSCN1, ANGPTL4, and ID1. We further screened and validated two key genes, namely, NUP62CL and KRT8, which exhibited predictive value for both prognosis and drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified several novel GRRDEGs and provided insight into the underlying mechanisms of gefitinib resistance in LUAD. Our results have implications for developing more effective treatment strategies and prognostic models for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Yang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiming Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjing Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangda Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujiao Li
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuancan Pan
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taicheng Lu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guowang Yang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ganlin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Cheng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhong J, Zong S, Wang J, Feng M, Wang J, Zhang H, Xiong L. Role of neutrophils on cancer cells and other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119493. [PMID: 37201766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The notion that neutrophils only perform a specific set of single functions in the body has changed with the advancement of research methods. As the most abundant myeloid cells in human blood, neutrophils are currently emerging as important regulators of cancer. Given the duality of neutrophils, neutrophil-based tumor therapy has been clinically carried out in recent years and has made some progress. But due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the therapeutic effect is still not satisfactory. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the direct interaction of neutrophils with the five most common cancer cells and other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Also, this review covered current limitations, potential future possibilities, and therapeutic approaches targeting neutrophil function in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Siwen Zong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiayang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mingrui Feng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian province university, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330066, China.
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian province university, Xiamen 361023, China.
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Kim GT, Kim EY, Shin SH, Lee H, Lee SH, Sohn KY, Kim JW. Improving anticancer effect of aPD-L1 through lowering neutrophil infiltration by PLAG in tumor implanted with MB49 mouse urothelial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:727. [PMID: 35787261 PMCID: PMC9251917 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PD-L1 antibody is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) attracting attention. The third-generation anticancer drug has been proven to be very effective due to fewer side effects and higher tumor-specific reactions than conventional anticancer drugs. However, as tumors produce additional resistance in the host immune system, the effectiveness of ICI is gradually weakening. Therefore, it is very important to develop a combination therapy that increases the anticancer effect of ICI by removing anticancer resistance factors present around the tumor. METHODS The syngeneic model was used (n = 6) to investigate the enhanced anti-tumor effect of PD-L1 antibody with the addition of PLAG. MB49 murine urothelial cancer cells were implanted into the C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously. PLAG at different dosages (50/100 mpk) was daily administered orally for another 4 weeks with or without 5 mpk PD-L1 antibody (10F.9G2). PD-L1 antibody was delivered via IP injection once a week. RESULTS The aPD-L1 monotherapy group inhibited tumor growth of 56% compared to the positive group, while the PLAG and aPD-L1 co-treatment inhibited by 89%. PLAG treatment effectively reduced neutrophils infiltrating localized in tumor and converted to a tumor microenvironment with anti-tumor effective T-cells. PLAG increased tumor infiltration of CD8 positive cytotoxic T-cell populations while effectively inhibiting the infiltration of neoplastic T-cells such as CD4/FoxP3. Eventually, neutrophil-induced tumor ICI resistance was resolved by restoring the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to the normal range. In addition, regulation of cytokine and chemokine factors that inhibit neutrophil infiltration and increase the killing activity of cytotoxic T cells was observed in the tumors of mice treated with PLAG + aPD-L1. CONCLUSIONS PLAG effectively turned the tumor-promoting microenvironment into a tumor-suppressing microenvironment. As a molecule that increases the anti-tumor effectiveness of aPD-L1, PLAG has the potential to be an essential and effective ICI co-therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guen Tae Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Kwahak-ro, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim GT, Shin SH, Kim EY, Lee H, Lee SH, Sohn KY, Kim JW. PLAG co-treatment increases the anticancer effect of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in a triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:110-116. [PMID: 35753218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy induces tumor cell death and inhibits tumor progression, but the accompanying immune responses in the surrounding dying tissue cause significant inflammation. These responses, such as excessive neutrophil infiltration into tumor tissue, are the main causes of resistance to anticancer treatment. The development of drugs that reduce neutrophil infiltration into tumors is necessary to increase the anticancer effect of chemotherapy. Here, we show that the antitumor effect of the chemotherapy AC regimen (Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide) was increased by 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) cotreatment in the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Tumor growth was inhibited up to 56% in mice treated with AC and inhibited up to 94% in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. Side effects of chemotherapy, such as a reduction in body weight, were alleviated in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. Excessive neutrophil infiltration caused by the AC regimen was successfully cleared in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. We conclude that PLAG inhibits excessive neutrophil infiltration that aids tumor growth. Reduced neutrophils and increased lymphocytes in PLAG-treated mice can maximize the antitumor effect of the AC regimen and inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guen Tae Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Enzychem Lifesciences, 10F aT Center 27 Gangnam-daero, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Kwahak-ro, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Zeng H, Luo M, Chen L, Ma X, Ma X. Machine learning analysis of DNA methylation in a hypoxia-immune model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107098. [PMID: 33091815 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia status and immunity are related with the development and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we constructed a hypoxia-immune model to explore its upstream mechanism and identify potential CpG sites. METHODS The hypoxia-immune model was developed and validated by the iCluster algorithm. The LASSO, SVM-RFE and GA-ANN were performed to screen CpG sites correlated to the hypoxia-immune microenvironment. RESULTS We found seven hypoxia-immune related CpG sites. Lasso had the best classification performance among three machine learning algorithms. CONCLUSION We explored the clinical significance of the hypoxia-immune model and found seven hypoxia-immune related CpG sites by multiple machine learning algorithms. This model and candidate CpG sites may have clinical applications to predict the hypoxia-immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyan Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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