1
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Rossi S, Tatangelo V, Dichiara M, Butini S, Gemma S, Brogi S, Pasquini S, Cappello M, Vincenzi F, Varani K, Lopresti L, Malchiodi M, Carrara C, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M, Marotta G, Patrussi L, Carullo G, Baldari CT, Campiani G. A novel potent class I HDAC inhibitor reverses the STAT4/p66Shc apoptotic defect in B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116537. [PMID: 38579402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients have a defective expression of the proapoptotic protein p66Shc and of its transcriptional factor STAT4, which evoke molecular abnormalities, impairing apoptosis and worsening disease prognosis and severity. p66Shc expression is epigenetically controlled and transcriptionally modulated by STAT4; epigenetic modifiers are deregulated in CLL cells and specific histone deacetylases (HDACs) like HDAC1, are overexpressed. Reactivation of STAT4/p66Shc expression may represent an attractive and challenging strategy to reverse CLL apoptosis defects. New selective class I HDAC inhibitors (HDACis, 6a-g) were developed with increased potency over existing agents and preferentially interfering with the CLL-relevant isoform HDAC1, to unveil the role of class I HDACs in the upregulation of STAT4 expression, which upregulates p66Shc expression and hence normalizes CLL cell apoptosis. 6c (chlopynostat) was identified as a potent HDAC1i with a superior profile over entinostat. 6c induces marked apoptosis of CLL cells compared with SAHA, which was associated with an upregulation of STAT4/p66Shc protein expression. The role of HDAC1, but not HDAC3, in the epigenetic upregulation of STAT4/p66Shc was demonstrated for the first time in CLL cells and was validated in siRNA-induced HDAC1/HDAC3 knock-down EBV-B cells. To sum up, HDAC1 inhibition is necessary to reactivate STAT4/p66Shc expression in patients with CLL. 6c is one of the most potent HDAC1is known to date and represents a novel pharmacological tool for reversing the impairment of the STAT4/p66Shc apoptotic machinery.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1/metabolism
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1/genetics
- STAT4 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylase 1/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Male
- Aged
- Female
- Middle Aged
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tatangelo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Martina Cappello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lopresti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Margherita Malchiodi
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Viale Bracci, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Chiara Carrara
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Viale Bracci, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Viale Bracci, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Viale Bracci, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marotta
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Viale Bracci, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy; Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-7346, Iran
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2
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Boncompagni G, Tatangelo V, Lopresti L, Ulivieri C, Capitani N, Tangredi C, Finetti F, Marotta G, Frezzato F, Visentin A, Ciofini S, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M, Calzada-Fraile D, Martin Cofreces NB, Trentin L, Patrussi L, Baldari CT. Leukemic cell-secreted interleukin-9 suppresses cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:144. [PMID: 38360867 PMCID: PMC10869739 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), contributing to disease progression and chemoresistance. Leukemic cells shape the TME into a pro-survival and immunosuppressive niche through contact-dependent and contact-independent interactions with the cellular components of the TME. Immune synapse (IS) formation is defective in CLL. Here we asked whether soluble factors released by CLL cells contribute to their protection from cytotoxic T cell (CTL)-mediated killing by interfering with this process. We found that healthy CTLs cultured in media conditioned by leukemic cells from CLL patients or Eμ-TCL1 mice upregulate the exhaustion marker PD-1 and become unable to form functional ISs and kill target cells. These defects were more pronounced when media were conditioned by leukemic cells lacking p66Shc, a proapoptotic adapter whose deficiency has been implicated in disease aggressiveness both in CLL and in the Eμ-TCL1 mouse model. Multiplex ELISA assays showed that leukemic cells from Eμ-TCL1 mice secrete abnormally elevated amounts of CCL22, CCL24, IL-9 and IL-10, which are further upregulated in the absence of p66Shc. Among these, IL-9 and IL-10 were also overexpressed in leukemic cells from CLL patients, where they inversely correlated with residual p66Shc. Using neutralizing antibodies or the recombinant cytokines we show that IL-9, but not IL-10, mediates both the enhancement in PD-1 expression and the suppression of effector functions in healthy CTLs. Our results demonstrate that IL-9 secreted by leukemic cells negatively modulates the anti-tumor immune abilities of CTLs, highlighting a new suppressive mechanism and a novel potential therapeutical target in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Marotta
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Ciofini
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Diego Calzada-Fraile
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa B Martin Cofreces
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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3
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Lopresti L, Capitani N, Tatangelo V, Tangredi C, Boncompagni G, Frezzato F, Visentin A, Marotta G, Ciofini S, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M, Trentin L, Baldari CT, Patrussi L. p66Shc deficiency in CLL cells enhances PD-L1 expression and suppresses immune synapse formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1297116. [PMID: 38389706 PMCID: PMC10883382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1297116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Escape from immunosurveillance is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In the protective niche of lymphoid organs, leukemic cells suppress the ability of T lymphocytes to form the immune synapse (IS), thereby hampering T-cell mediated anti-tumoral activities. By binding its cognate receptor PD-1 at the surface of T lymphocytes, the inhibitory ligand PD-L1, which is overexpressed in CLL cells, mediates the T-cell suppressive activities of CLL cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PD-L1 overexpression in CLL cells remains unknown. We have previously reported a defective expression of the pro-apoptotic and pro-oxidant adaptor p66Shc in CLL cells, which is causally related to an impairment in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and to the activation of the ROS-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB. The fact that PD-L1 expression is regulated by NF-κB suggests a mechanistic relationship between p66Shc deficiency and PD-L1 overexpression in CLL cells. Methods: 62 treatment-naive CLL patients and 43 healthy donors were included in this study. PD-L1 and p66Shc expression was quantified in B cells by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. IS architecture and local signaling was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. CD8+ cell killing activity was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: Here we show that residual p66Shc expression in leukemic cells isolated both from CLL patients and from the CLL mouse model Eμ-TCL1 inversely correlated with PD-L1 expression. We also show that the PD-L1 increase prevented leukemic cells from forming ISs with T lymphocytes. Reconstitution of p66Shc, but not of a ROS-defective mutant, in both CLL cells and the CLL-derived cell line MEC-1, enhanced intracellular ROS and decreased PD-L1 expression. Similar results were obtained following treatment of CLL cells with H2O2 as exogenous source of ROS, that normalized PD-L1 expression and recovered IS formation. Discussion: Our data provide direct evidence that the p66Shc-deficiency-related ROS depletion in CLL cells concurs to enhance PD-L1 expression and provides a mechanistic basis for the suppression of T cell-mediated anti-tumoral functions in the immunosuppressive lymphoid niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marotta
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Ciofini
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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4
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Toll-like receptor 9 signaling after myocardial infarction: Role of p66ShcA adaptor protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 644:70-78. [PMID: 36634584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During myocardial infarction, cellular debris is released, causing a sterile inflammation via pattern recognition receptors. These reactions amplify damage and promotes secondary heart failure. The pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) detects immunogenic fragments of endogenous DNA, inducing inflammation by NFκB. The p66ShcA adaptor protein plays an important role in both ischemic myocardial damage and immune responses. We hypothesized that p66ShcA adaptor protein promotes DNA-sensing signaling via the TLR9 pathway after myocardial infarction. TLR9 protein expression increased in cardiac tissue from patients with end-stage heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. Myocardial ischemia in mice in vivo induced gene expression of key TLR9 pathway proteins (MyD88 and Unc93b1). In this model, a functional link between TLR9 and p66ShcA was revealed as; (i) ischemia-induced upregulation of TLR9 protein was abrogated in myocardium of p66ShcA knockout mice; (ii) when p66ShcA was overexpressed in NFkB reporter cells stably expressing TLR9, NFkB-activation increased during stimulation with the TLR9 agonist CpG B; (iii) in cardiac fibroblasts, p66ShcA overexpression caused TLR9 upregulation. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that ShcA proteins and TLR9 may be found in the same protein complex, which was dissipated upon TLR9 stimulation in vivo. A proximity assay confirmed the co-localization of TLR9 and ShcA proteins. The systemic immune response after myocardial ischemia was dampened in p66ShcA knockout mice as interleukin-4, -17 and -22 expression in mononuclear cells isolated from spleens was reduced. In conclusion, p66ShcA adaptor may be an interaction partner and a regulator of the TLR9 pathway post-infarction.
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5
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Tatangelo V, Boncompagni G, Capitani N, Lopresti L, Manganaro N, Frezzato F, Visentin A, Trentin L, Baldari CT, Patrussi L. p66Shc Deficiency in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Promotes Chemokine Receptor Expression Through the ROS-Dependent Inhibition of NF-κB. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877495. [PMID: 35847884 PMCID: PMC9278989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of lymphoid organs is central to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Within it, tumor cells find a favourable niche to escape immunosurveillance and acquire pro-survival signals. We have previously reported that a CLL-associated defect in the expression of the pro-apoptotic and pro-oxidant adaptor p66Shc leads to enhanced homing to and accumulation of leukemic cells in the lymphoid microenvironment. The p66Shc deficiency-related impairment in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in CLL cells is causally associated to the enhanced expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2, CXCR3 and CCR7, that promote leukemic cell homing to both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs, suggesting the implication of a ROS-modulated transcription factor(s). Here we show that the activity of the ROS-responsive p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB was hampered in the CLL-derived cell line MEC-1 expressing a NF-κB-luciferase reporter following treatment with H2O2. Similar results were obtained when intracellular ROS were generated by expression of p66Shc, but not of a ROS-defective mutant, in MEC-1 cells. NF-κB activation was associated with increased expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2, CXCR3 and CCR7. Reconstitution of p66Shc in CLL cells normalized intracellular ROS and hampered NF-κB activation, which led to a decrease in the expression of these homing receptors. Our data provide direct evidence that the p66Shc-deficiency-related ROS depletion in CLL cells concurs to NF-κB hyperactivation and homing receptor overexpression, providing a mechanistic basis for the enhanced ability of these cells to accumulate in the pro-survival lymphoid niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Noemi Manganaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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6
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A novel class of oxazepine-based anti-cancer agents induces cell death in primary human CLL cells and efficiently reduces tumor growth in Eμ-TCL1 mice through the JNK/STAT4/p66Shc axis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105965. [PMID: 34732370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Survival and expansion of malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are highly dependent both on intrinsic defects in the apoptotic machinery and on the interactions with cells and soluble factors in the lymphoid microenvironment. The adaptor protein p66Shc is a negative regulator of antigen receptor signaling, chemotaxis and apoptosis whose loss in CLL B cells contributes to their extended survival and poor prognosis. Hence, the identification of compounds that restore p66Shc expression and function in malignant B cells may pave the way to a new therapeutic approach for CLL. Here we show that a novel oxazepine-based compound (OBC-1) restores p66Shc expression in primary human CLL cells by promoting JNK-dependent STAT4 activation without affecting normal B cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the potent pro-apoptotic activity of OBC-1 in human leukemic cells directly correlates with p66Shc expression levels and is abrogated when p66Shc is genetically deleted. Preclinical testing of OBC-1 and the novel analogue OBC-2 in Eμ-TCL1 tumor-bearing mice resulted in a significantly longer overall survival and a reduction of the tumor burden in the spleen and peritoneum. Interestingly, OBCs promote leukemic cell mobilization from the spleen to the blood, which correlates with upregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor expression. In summary, our work identifies OBCs as a promising class of compounds that, by boosting p66Shc expression through the activation of the JNK/STAT4 pathway, display dual therapeutic effects for CLL intervention, namely the ability to mobilize cells from secondary lymphoid organs and a potent pro-apoptotic activity against circulating leukemic cells.
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7
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Enhanced IL-9 secretion by p66Shc-deficient CLL cells modulates the chemokine landscape of the stromal microenvironment. Blood 2021; 137:2182-2195. [PMID: 33181836 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal microenvironment is central to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis. How leukemic cells condition the stroma to enhance its chemoattractant properties remains elusive. Here, we show that mouse and human CLL cells promote the contact-independent stromal expression of homing chemokines. This function was strongly enhanced in leukemic cells from Eμ-TCL1 mice lacking the pro-oxidant p66Shc adaptor, which develop an aggressive disease with organ infiltration. We identified interleukin-9 (IL-9) as the soluble factor, negatively modulated by p66Shc, that is responsible for the chemokine-elevating activity of leukemic cells on stromal cells. IL-9 blockade in Eμ-TCL1/p66Shc-/- mice resulted in a decrease in the nodal expression of homing chemokines, which correlated with decreased leukemic cell invasiveness. IL-9 levels were found to correlate inversely with residual p66Shc in p66Shc-deficient human CLL cells (n = 52 patients). p66Shc reconstitution in CLL cells normalized IL-9 expression and neutralized their chemokine-elevating activity. Notably, high IL-9 expression in CLL cells directly correlates with lymphadenopathy, liver infiltration, disease severity, and overall survival, emerging as an independent predictor of disease outcome. Our results demonstrate that IL-9 modulates the chemokine landscape in the stroma and that p66Shc, by regulating IL-9 expression, fine tunes the ability of leukemic cells to shape the microenvironment, thereby contributing to CLL pathogenesis.
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8
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Vaisitti T, Arruga F, Ferrajoli A. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092504. [PMID: 32899284 PMCID: PMC7564793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Kholodnyuk I, Rivkina A, Hippe L, Svirskis S, Kozireva S, Ventina I, Spaka I, Soloveichika M, Pavlova J, Murovska M, Lejniece S. Chemokine Receptors CCR1 and CCR2 on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Newly Diagnosed Patients with the CD38-Positive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2312. [PMID: 32708233 PMCID: PMC7408836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors direct migration and infiltration of immune cells. CCR1 and CCR2 maintain sequence similarity and respond to a number of the same chemokines secreted in lymphoid organs. Expression of CD38 on leukemic cells has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is considered as the negative predictor of progression. In our study of newly diagnosed CLL patients, which included 39 CD38-positive and 22 CD38-negative patients, CCR1 and/or CCR2 were always detected, using flow cytometry, on the peripheral blood (PB) CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes in patients with >30% of the CD38+ CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes (n = 16). Spearman's rank correlation analysis determined correlations between the frequency of the CCR1- and CCR2-expressing PB CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes and the frequency of the CD38-positive CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes (rs = 0.50 and rs = 0.38, respectively). No significant correlations were observed between ZAP70 mRNA expression levels in PB mononuclear cells and the frequency of the circulating CCR1+ or CCR2+ CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes. Further association studies are needed to verify prognostic relevance of the CCR1/CCR2 expression on leukemic cells in CLL patients at diagnosis. We suggest that CCR1/CCR2 signaling pathways could represent attractive targets for development of CLL anti-progression therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kholodnyuk
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Alla Rivkina
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1038, Latvia; (A.R.); (S.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, Clinic of Chemotherapy and Hematology, Riga LV-1038, Latvia;
| | - Laura Hippe
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Simons Svirskis
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Svetlana Kozireva
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Ildze Ventina
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Irina Spaka
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Soloveichika
- Riga East University Hospital, Clinic of Chemotherapy and Hematology, Riga LV-1038, Latvia;
| | - Jelena Pavlova
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Sandra Lejniece
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1038, Latvia; (A.R.); (S.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, Clinic of Chemotherapy and Hematology, Riga LV-1038, Latvia;
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