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Greytak SR, Engel KB, Hoon DSB, Elias KM, Lockwood CM, Guan P, Moore HM. Evidence-based procedures to improve the reliability of circulating miRNA biomarker assays. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:60-66. [PMID: 37129007 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRNA) are an emerging class of biomarkers that have shown great promise in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of several pathological conditions, including cancer. However, validation and clinical implementation of cfmiRNA biomarkers has been hindered by the variability introduced during different or suboptimal specimen collection and handling practices. To address the need for standardization and evidence-based guidance, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed a new Biospecimen Evidenced-Based Practices (BEBP) document, entitled "Cell-free miRNA (cfmiRNA): Blood Collection and Processing". The BEBP, the fourth in the document series, contains step-by-step procedural guidelines on blood collection, processing, storage, extraction, and quality assessment that are tailored specifically for cfmiRNA analysis of plasma and serum. The workflow outlined in the BEBP is based on the available literature and recommendations of an expert panel. The BEBP contains the level of detail required for development of evidence-based standard operating procedures (SOPs) as well as the flexibility needed to accomodate (i) discovery- and inquiry-based studies and (ii) the different constraints faced by research labs, industry, clinical and academic institutions to foster widespread implementation. Guidance from the expert panel also included recommendations on study design, validating changes in workflow, and suggested quality thresholds to delineate meaningful changes in cfmiRNA levels. The NCI cfmiRNA: Blood Collection and Processing BEBP is available here as supplementary information as well as through the NCI Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch (BBRB) (https://biospecimens.cancer.gov/resources/bebp.asp).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine & Sequencing Center, Saint Johns' Cancer Institute, Providence Health and Service, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M Elias
- Gynecologic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Lockwood
- Genetics and Solid Tumors Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, UW Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ping Guan
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen M Moore
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Sandau US, Wiedrick JT, McFarland TJ, Galasko DR, Fanning Z, Quinn JF, Saugstad JA. Analysis of the longitudinal stability of human plasma miRNAs and implications for disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2148. [PMID: 38272952 PMCID: PMC10810819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in developing clinical biomarker assays that can aid in non-invasive diagnosis and/or monitoring of human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological diseases. Yet little is known about the longitudinal stability of miRNAs in human plasma. Here we assessed the intraindividual longitudinal stability of miRNAs in plasma from healthy human adults, and the impact of common factors (e.g., hemolysis, age) that may confound miRNA data. We collected blood by venipuncture biweekly over a 3-month period from 22 research participants who had fasted overnight, isolated total RNA, then performed miRNA qPCR. Filtering and normalization of the qPCR data revealed amplification of 134 miRNAs, 74 of which had high test-retest reliability and low percentage level drift, meaning they were stable in an individual over the 3-month time period. We also determined that, of nuisance factors, hemolysis and tobacco use have the greatest impact on miRNA levels and variance. These findings support that many miRNAs show intraindividual longitudinal stability in plasma from healthy human adults, including some reported as candidate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula S Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack T Wiedrick
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Trevor J McFarland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Fanning
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julie A Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Funatsuki T, Ogata H, Tahara H, Shimamoto A, Takekita Y, Koshikawa Y, Nonen S, Higasa K, Kinoshita T, Kato M. Changes in Multiple microRNA Levels with Antidepressant Treatment Are Associated with Remission and Interact with Key Pathways: A Comprehensive microRNA Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12199. [PMID: 37569574 PMCID: PMC10418406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual treatment outcomes to antidepressants varies widely, yet the determinants to this difference remain elusive. MicroRNA (miRNA) gene expression regulation in major depressive disorder (MDD) has attracted interest as a biomarker. This 4-week randomized controlled trial examined changes in the plasma miRNAs that correlated with the treatment outcomes of mirtazapine (MIR) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy. Pre- and post- treatment, we comprehensively analyzed the miRNA levels in MDD patients, and identified the gene pathways linked to these miRNAs in 46 patients. Overall, 141 miRNA levels significantly demonstrated correlations with treatment remission after 4 weeks of MIR, with miR-1237-5p showing the most robust and significant correlation after Bonferroni correction. These 141 miRNAs displayed a negative correlation with remission, indicating a decreasing trend. These miRNAs were associated with 15 pathways, including TGF-β and MAPK. Through database searches, the genes targeted by these miRNAs with the identified pathways were compared, and it was found that MAPK1, IGF1, IGF1R, and BRAF matched. Alterations in specific miRNAs levels before and after MIR treatment correlated with remission. The miRNAs mentioned in this study have not been previously reported. No other studies have investigated treatment with MIR. The identified miRNAs also correlated with depression-related genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Funatsuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8533, Japan;
| | - Akira Shimamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda 756-0084, Japan;
| | - Yoshiteru Takekita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Yosuke Koshikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Shinpei Nonen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 650-8530, Japan;
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Genome Analysis, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan;
| | - Toshihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Masaki Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
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You J, Xia H, Huang Z, He R, Zhao X, Chen J, Liu S, Xu Y, Cui Y. Research progress of circulating non-coding RNA in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1204715. [PMID: 37546394 PMCID: PMC10400719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1204715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor that carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. This type of cancer is prevalent in Asia due to the widespread presence of risk factors. Unfortunately, HCC often goes undetected until it has reached an advanced stage, making early detection and treatment critical for better outcomes. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is commonly used in clinical practice for diagnosing HCC, but its sensitivity and specificity are limited. While surgery and liver transplantation are the main radical treatments, drug therapy and local interventions are better options for patients with advanced HCC. Accurately assessing treatment efficacy and adjusting plans in a timely manner can significantly improve the prognosis of HCC. Non-coding RNA gene transcription products cannot participate in protein production, but they can regulate gene expression and protein function through the regulation of transcription and translation processes. These non-coding RNAs have been found to be associated with tumor development in various types of tumors. Noncoding RNA released by tumor or blood cells can circulate in the blood and serve as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy assessment. This article explores the unique role of circulating noncoding RNA in HCC from various perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi You
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haoming Xia
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Risheng He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sidi Liu
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Gargiuli C, De Cecco L, Mariancini A, Iannò MF, Micali A, Mancinelli E, Boeri M, Sozzi G, Dugo M, Sensi M. A Cross-Comparison of High-Throughput Platforms for Circulating MicroRNA Quantification, Agreement in Risk Classification, and Biomarker Discovery in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911613. [PMID: 35928879 PMCID: PMC9343840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCirculating microRNAs (ct-miRs) are promising cancer biomarkers. This study focuses on platform comparison to assess performance variability, agreement in the assignment of a miR signature classifier (MSC), and concordance for the identification of cancer-associated miRs in plasma samples from non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.MethodsA plasma cohort of 10 NSCLC patients and 10 healthy donors matched for clinical features and MSC risk level was profiled for miR expression using two sequencing-based and three quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR)-based platforms. Intra- and inter-platform variations were examined by correlation and concordance analysis. The MSC risk levels were compared with those estimated using a reference method. Differentially expressed ct-miRs were identified among NSCLC patients and donors, and the diagnostic value of those dysregulated in patients was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The downregulation of miR-150-5p was verified by qPCR. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung carcinoma dataset was used for validation at the tissue level.ResultsThe intra-platform reproducibility was consistent, whereas the highest values of inter-platform correlations were among qPCR-based platforms. MSC classification concordance was >80% for four platforms. The dysregulation and discriminatory power of miR-150-5p and miR-210-3p were documented. Both were significantly dysregulated also on TCGA tissue-originated profiles from lung cell carcinoma in comparison with normal samples.ConclusionOverall, our studies provide a large performance analysis between five different platforms for miR quantification, indicate the solidity of MSC classifier, and identify two noninvasive biomarkers for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gargiuli
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marialuisa Sensi, ; Loris De Cecco,
| | - Andrea Mariancini
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Federica Iannò
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Micali
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Mancinelli
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sensi
- Platform of Integrated Biology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marialuisa Sensi, ; Loris De Cecco,
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6
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Lou C, Shi J, Xu Q. Exosomal miR-626 promotes the malignant behavior of oral cancer cells by targeting NFIB. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4829-4840. [PMID: 35711020 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-derived exosomes, as emerging regulators of intercellular communication, are important for tumorigenesis and development in multiple tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exosomal miR-626 exists. More importantly, if exosomal miR-626 exists, the mechanism by which it is transferred into neighboring cancer cells and contributes to tumor progression needs to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of miRNA and mRNA are analyzed by RT-qPCR. Proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, cell cycle are carried out to assess the function of exosomal miR-626. Furthermore, a xenograft experiment is utilized to conform the cancer-promoting role of exosomal miR-626 in oral cancer. Here, we showed that miR-626 is upregulated in oral cancer-derived exosomes and can be transferred between oral cancer cells. Exosomal miR-626 promotes cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and G0/G1-to-S phase transition. Nuclear factor I/B (NFIB), a tumor suppressor gene in various cancers, was predicted to be a potential target of miR-626 by using three algorithms. Luciferase reporter assay data revealed that miR-626 can directly bind to the 3'-UTR of NFIB and subsequently suppress its expression and downstream signaling. Restoration of NFIB expression rescued the malignant phenotype induced by exosomal miR-626. In addition, exosomal miR-626 administration facilitated cancer growth in a xenograft tumor model, accompanied by downregulation of NFIB expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that exosomal miR-626 can facilitate the development of oral cancer by inhibiting the expression of its target NFIB. Exosomal miR-626 might be a therapeutic target for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road 639, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road 639, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road 639, 200011, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Liu C, Xiang X, Han S, Lim HY, Li L, Zhang X, Ma Z, Yang L, Guo S, Soo R, Ren B, Wang L, Goh BC. Blood-based liquid biopsy: Insights into early detection and clinical management of lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:91-102. [PMID: 34656690 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, early detection of lung cancer relies on the characterisation of images generated from computed tomography (CT). However, lung tissue biopsy, a highly invasive surgical procedure, is required to confirm CT-derived diagnostic results with very high false-positive rates. Hence, a non-invasive or minimally invasive biomarkers is essential to complement the existing low-dose CT (LDCT) for early detection, improve responses to a certain treatment, predict cancer recurrence, and to evaluate prognosis. In the past decade, liquid biopsies (e.g., blood) have been demonstrated to be highly effective for lung cancer biomarker discovery. In this review, the roles of emerging liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers such as circulating nucleic acids, circulating tumour cells (CTCs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), as well as exosomes, have been highlighted. The advantages and limitations of these blood-based minimally invasive biomarkers have been discussed. Furthermore, the current progress of the identified biomarkers for clinical management of lung cancer has been summarised. Finally, a potential strategy for the early detection of lung cancer, using a combination of LDCT scans and well-validated biomarkers, has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiliu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuangqing Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Hannah Ying Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lingrui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Li Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ross Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore
| | - Boxu Ren
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
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Zhu L, Sun HT, Wang S, Huang SL, Zheng Y, Wang CQ, Hu BY, Qin W, Zou TT, Fu Y, Shen XT, Zhu WW, Geng Y, Lu L, Jia HL, Qin LX, Dong QZ. Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:152. [PMID: 33168028 PMCID: PMC7652679 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations of proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests that exosomes participate in intercellular communication and act as important molecular vehicles in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development. Exosomes are released by various cell types under both normal and pathological conditions, and they can be found in multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, exosomes carrying a wide variety of important macromolecules provide a window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence in biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, exosomes have potential clinical applications in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances in various technologies for exosome isolation for cancer research. We outline the functions of exosomes in regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation in the context of cancer development. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges for the clinical development of exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hao-Ting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hu-Liang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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