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Rao S, Liang F, Herring BE. RhoGEF Tiam2 Regulates Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0500-21.2024. [PMID: 38871458 PMCID: PMC11262554 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0500-21.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic synapses exhibit significant molecular diversity, but circuit-specific mechanisms that underlie synaptic regulation are not well characterized. Prior reports show that Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) Tiam1 regulates perforant path→dentate gyrus granule neuron synapses. In the present study, we report Tiam1's homolog Tiam2 is implicated in glutamatergic neurotransmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons. We find that Tiam2 regulates evoked excitatory glutamatergic currents via a postsynaptic mechanism mediated by the catalytic Dbl-homology domain. Overall, we present evidence for RhoGEF Tiam2's role in glutamatergic synapse function at Schaffer collateral→CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhna Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Neurobiology Section, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Neurobiology Section, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Bruce E Herring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Neurobiology Section, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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2
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Chen L, Huang S, Wu X, He W, Song M. Serotonin signalling in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1750. [PMID: 38943041 PMCID: PMC11213692 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a multifunctional bioamine serving as a neurotransmitter, peripheral hormone and mitogen in the vertebrate system. It has pleiotropic activities in central nervous system and gastrointestinal function via an orchestrated action of serotonergic elements, particularly serotonin receptor-mediated signalling cascades. The mitogenic properties of serotonin have garnered recognition for years and have been exploited for repurposing serotonergic-targeted drugs in cancer therapy. However, emerging conflicting findings necessitate a more comprehensive elucidation of serotonin's role in cancer pathogenesis. MAIN BODY AND CONCLUSION Here, we provide an overview of the biosynthesis, metabolism and action modes of serotonin. We summarise our current knowledge regarding the effects of the peripheral serotonergic system on tumourigenesis, with a specific emphasis on its immunomodulatory activities in human cancers. We also discuss the dual roles of serotonin in tumour pathogenesis and elucidate the potential of serotonergic drugs, some of which display favourable safety profiles and impressive efficacy in clinical trials, as a promising avenue in cancer treatment. KEY POINTS Primary synthesis and metabolic routes of peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine in the gastrointestinal tract. Advanced research has established a strong association between the serotonergic components and carcinogenic mechanisms. The interplay between serotonergic signalling and the immune system within the tumour microenvironment orchestrates antitumour immune responses. Serotonergic-targeted drugs offer valuable clinical options for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuting Huang
- School of Public HealthSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Mei Song
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversitySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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3
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Chu CH, Chen JS, Chan YL, Lu WJ, Huang YT, Mao PC, Sze CI, Sun HS. TIAM2S-positive microglia enhance inflammation and neurotoxicity through soluble ICAM-1-mediated immune priming. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23242. [PMID: 37801065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300462rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
TIAM Rac1-associated GEF 2 short form (TIAM2S) as an oncoprotein alters the immunity of peripheral immune cells to construct an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. However, its role in the activation of microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the brain, and neuroinflammation remains unknown. This study investigated the mechanism underlying TIAM2S shapes immune properties of microglia to facilitate neuron damage. Human microglial clone 3 cell line (HMC3) and human brain samples were applied to determine the presence of TIAM2S in microglia by western blots and double immunostaining. Furthermore, TIAM2S transgenic mice combined with multiple reconstituted primary neuron-glial culture systems and a cytokine array were performed to explore how TIAM2S shaped immune priming of microglia and participated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuron damage. TIAM2S protein was detectable in HMC3 cells and presented in a small portion (~11.1%) of microglia in human brains referred to as TIAM2S-positive microglia. With the property of secreted soluble factor-mediated immune priming, TIAM2S-positive microglia enhanced LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neural damage in vivo and in vitro. The gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) participated in neurotoxic immune priming of TIAM2S+ microglia. Together, this study demonstrated a novel TIAM2S-positive microglia subpopulation enhances inflammation and neurotoxicity through sICAM-1-mediated immune priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Lu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Cheng Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Zhang G, Liu L, Li J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Xue W, Sun R, Cui G. NSUN2 stimulates tumor progression via enhancing TIAM2 mRNA stability in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:219. [PMID: 37393317 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NSUN2 is a nuclear RNA methyltransferase which catalyzes 5-methylcytosine (m5C), a posttranscriptional RNA modification. Aberrant m5C modification has been implicated in the development of multiple malignancies. However, its function in pancreatic cancer (PC) needs to be elucidated. Herein, we determined that NSUN2 was overexpressed in PC tissues and related to aggressive clinical features. Silence of NSUN2 by lentivirus weakened the capability of proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells in vitro and inhibited the growth and metastasis of xenograft tumors in vivo. Contrarily, overexpression of NSUN2 stimulated PC growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, m5C-sequencing (m5C-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were carried out to identify downstream targets of NSUN2 and results showed that loss of NSUN2 led to decreased m5C modification level concomitant with reduced TIAM2 mRNA expression. Further validation experiments proved that NSUN2 silence accelerated the decay of TIAM2 mRNA in a YBX1-dependent manner. Additionally, NSUN2 exerted its oncogenic function partially through enhancing TIAM2 transcription. More importantly, disruption of the NSUN2/TIAM2 axis repressed the malignant phenotype of PC cells through blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Collectively, our study highlighted the critical function of NSUN2 in PC and provided novel mechanistic insights into NSUN2/TIAM2 axis as promising therapeutic targets against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yize Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
| | - Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
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Xiao L, Li X, Fang C, Yu J, Chen T. Neurotransmitters: promising immune modulators in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118637. [PMID: 37215113 PMCID: PMC10196476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is modified by its cellular or acellular components throughout the whole period of tumor development. The dynamic modulation can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Hence, the focus of cancer research and intervention has gradually shifted to TME components and their interactions. Accumulated evidence indicates neural and immune factors play a distinct role in modulating TME synergistically. Among the complicated interactions, neurotransmitters, the traditional neural regulators, mediate some crucial regulatory functions. Nevertheless, knowledge of the exact mechanisms is still scarce. Meanwhile, therapies targeting the TME remain unsatisfactory. It holds a great prospect to reveal the molecular mechanism by which the interplay between the nervous and immune systems regulate cancer progression for laying a vivid landscape of tumor development and improving clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xunjun Li
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanfa Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang J, Lin Z, Zhou J, Huang Y, Chen S, Deng Y, Qiu M, Chen Y, Hu Z. Effects of preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio on overall survival and quality of life in esophageal cell squamous carcinoma patients: a prospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37055773 PMCID: PMC10103440 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) on overall survival (OS) and health-related quality of life in patients with esophageal cell squamous carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Serum albumin and globulin were measured within one week before surgery. Multiple follow-ups were conducted among patients with ESCC in the study in order to assess their life quality. The method used in the study was a telephone interview. Quality of life was measured using the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30, version 3.0) and Esophageal Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ- OES18). RESULTS A total of 571 ESCC patients were included in the study. The results illustrated that 5-year OS of high AGR group (74.3%) was better than the low one (62.3%) (P = 0.0068). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis found that preoperative AGR (HR = 0.642, 95%CI: 0.444-0.927) are prognostic factor for patients with ESCC after surgery. In terms of quality of life, found that low AGR associated with increased postoperative time to deterioration (TTD) events in ESCC patients, and compared to low AGR, high AGR could delay the deterioration of emotional functioning(P = 0.001), dysphagia(P = 0.033), trouble with taste(P = 0.043) and speech problems(P = 0.043). After using the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high AGR could improve patients' emotional function (HR = 0.657, 95% CI: 0.507-0.852) and trouble with taste (HR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.514-0.971). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative AGR in patients with ESCC after esophagectomy was positively correlated with overall survival rate and quality of life after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jinsong Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Siting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Minglian Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Yuanmei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliation to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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7
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TIAM2 promotes proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Bone Oncol 2022; 37:100461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Balakrishna P, George S, Hatoum H, Mukherjee S. Serotonin Pathway in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1268. [PMID: 33525332 PMCID: PMC7865972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine produced from the essential amino acid tryptophan. Serotonin's role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a motility mediator in the gastrointestinal tract has been well defined, and its function in tumorigenesis in various cancers (gliomas, carcinoids, and carcinomas) is being studied. Many studies have shown a potential stimulatory effect of serotonin on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, dissemination, and tumor angiogenesis. Although the underlying mechanism is complex, it is proposed that serotonin levels in the tumor and its interaction with specific receptor subtypes are associated with disease progression. This review article describes serotonin's role in cancer pathogenesis and the utility of the serotonin pathway as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Octreotide, an inhibitor of serotonin release, is used in well-differentiated neuroendocrine cancers, and the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) inhibitor, telotristat, is currently being investigated in clinical trials to treat patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Several in vitro studies have shown the anticancer effect of 5-HT receptor antagonists in various cancers such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, urinary bladder, colorectal cancer, carcinoid, and small-cell lung cancer. More in vivo studies are needed to assess serotonin's role in cancer and its potential use as an anticancer therapeutic target. Serotonin is also being evaluated for its immunoregulatory properties, and studies have shown its potential anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it would be of interest to explore the combination of serotonin antagonists with immunotherapy in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cholangiocarcinoma/blood supply
- Cholangiocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Octreotide/therapeutic use
- Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylalanine/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Balakrishna
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Sagila George
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Hassan Hatoum
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
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Maltas J, Reed H, Porter A, Malliri A. Mechanisms and consequences of dysregulation of the Tiam family of Rac activators in disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2703-2719. [PMID: 33200195 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Tiam family proteins - Tiam1 and Tiam2/STEF - are Rac1-specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) with important functions in epithelial, neuronal, immune and other cell types. Tiam GEFs regulate cellular migration, proliferation and survival, mainly through activating and directing Rac1 signalling. Dysregulation of the Tiam GEFs is significantly associated with human diseases including cancer, immunological and neurological disorders. Uncovering the mechanisms and consequences of dysregulation is therefore imperative to improving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Here we compare and contrast the subcellular localisation and function of Tiam1 and Tiam2/STEF, and review the evidence for their dysregulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Maltas
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Hannah Reed
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew Porter
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
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