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Geoffroy K, Mullins-Dansereau V, Leclerc-Desaulniers K, Viens M, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus alone or in combination with JAK inhibitors is effective against ovarian cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200826. [PMID: 39006945 PMCID: PMC11246050 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Therapy-resistant ovarian cancers have a poor prognosis and novel effective treatment options are urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) against a panel of patient-derived ovarian cancer cell lines of all epithelial subtypes. Notably, we found that most of the cell lines were sensitive to VSV virotherapy. With the objective of improving treatment efficacy for the oncolytic virus-resistant cell lines, we tested various combinations with ovarian cancer standard of care drugs: olaparib, carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and gemcitabine. While none of these combinations revealed to be beneficial, further experiments demonstrated that the antiviral interferon pathway was functional in VSV-resistant cell lines. Given that interferons signal through Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT to mediate their antiviral function, we tested combinations of oncolytic VSV with clinically relevant JAK inhibitors. Our results show that combining VSV with various JAK inhibitors, including ruxolitinib, enhances VSV virotherapy and treatment efficacy. Altogether, we show that VSV, either as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with JAK inhibitors provides an effective therapeutic option for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Geoffroy
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Victor Mullins-Dansereau
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kim Leclerc-Desaulniers
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mélissa Viens
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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2
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Quenneville J, Feghaly A, Tual M, Thomas K, Major F, Gagnon E. Long-term severe hypoxia adaptation induces non-canonical EMT and a novel Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) isoform. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00795-3. [PMID: 38977895 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The majority of cancer deaths are caused by solid tumors, where the four most prevalent cancers (breast, lung, colorectal and prostate) account for more than 60% of all cases (1). Tumor cell heterogeneity driven by variable cancer microenvironments, such as hypoxia, is a key determinant of therapeutic outcome. We developed a novel culture protocol, termed the Long-Term Hypoxia (LTHY) time course, to recapitulate the gradual development of severe hypoxia seen in vivo to mimic conditions observed in primary tumors. Cells subjected to LTHY underwent a non-canonical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on miRNA and mRNA signatures as well as displayed EMT-like morphological changes. Concomitant to this, we report production of a novel truncated isoform of WT1 transcription factor (tWt1), a non-canonical EMT driver, with expression driven by a yet undescribed intronic promoter through hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs). We further demonstrated that tWt1 initiates translation from an intron-derived start codon, retains proper subcellular localization and DNA binding. A similar tWt1 is also expressed in LTHY-cultured human cancer cell lines as well as primary cancers and predicts long-term patient survival. Our study not only demonstrates the importance of culture conditions that better mimic those observed in primary cancers, especially with regards to hypoxia, but also identifies a novel isoform of WT1 which correlates with poor long-term survival in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Quenneville
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Albert Feghaly
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaux Tual
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kiersten Thomas
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Major
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Jahani S, Zare N, Mirzaei Y, Arefnezhad R, Zarei H, Goleij P, Bagheri N. Mesenchymal stem cells and ovarian cancer: Is there promising news? J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1437-1448. [PMID: 37682985 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is described as a heterogeneous complex condition with high mortality, weak prognosis, and late-stage presentation. OC has several subgroups based on different indices, like the origin and histopathology. The current treatments against OC include surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, these methods have represented diverse side effects without enough effectiveness on OC. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has acquired particular attention for treating diverse problems, such as cancer. These multipotent stem cells can be obtained from different sources, such as the umbilical cord, adipose tissues, bone marrow, and placenta, and their efficacy has been investigated against OC. Hence, in this narrative review, we aimed to review and discuss the present studies about the effects of various sources of MSCs on OC with a special focus on involved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabi Zare
- Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Hooman Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
- International Network of Stem Cell (INSC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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4
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Sauriol SA, Carmona E, Udaskin ML, Radulovich N, Leclerc-Desaulniers K, Rottapel R, Oza AM, Lheureux S, Provencher DM, Mes-Masson AM. Inhibition of nicotinamide dinucleotide salvage pathway counters acquired and intrinsic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3334. [PMID: 36849518 PMCID: PMC9970983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, owing notably to its high rate of therapy-resistant recurrence in spite of good initial response to chemotherapy. Although poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promise for ovarian cancer treatment, extended therapy usually leads to acquired PARPi resistance. Here we explored a novel therapeutic option to counter this phenomenon, combining PARPi and inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Cell-based models of acquired PARPi resistance were created through an in vitro selection procedure. Using resistant cells, xenograft tumors were grown in immunodeficient mice, while organoid models were generated from primary patient tumor samples. Intrinsically PARPi-resistant cell lines were also selected for analysis. Our results show that treatment with NAMPT inhibitors effectively sensitized all in vitro models to PARPi. Adding nicotinamide mononucleotide, the resulting NAMPT metabolite, abrogated the therapy-induced cell growth inhibition, demonstrating the specificity of the synergy. Treatment with olaparib (PARPi) and daporinad (NAMPT inhibitor) depleted intracellular NAD+ , induced double-strand DNA breaks, and promoted apoptosis as monitored by caspase-3 cleavage. The two drugs were also synergistic in mouse xenograft models and clinically relevant patient-derived organoids. Therefore, in the context of PARPi resistance, NAMPT inhibition could offer a promising new option for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Alexandre Sauriol
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Molly L Udaskin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nikolina Radulovich
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kim Leclerc-Desaulniers
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Diane M Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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5
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Meng S, Wang YU, Wang S, Qian W, Shao Q, Dou M, Zhao S, Wang J, Li M, An Y, He L, Zhang C. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cell line. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad215. [PMID: 37351870 PMCID: PMC10347977 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells (PBIECs) are an important model for studying the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of diseases affecting the bovine intestine. It is difficult to obtain and grow PBIECs stably, and their short lifespan greatly limits their application. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a cell line for exploring the mechanisms of pathogen infection in bovine intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. We isolated and cultured PBIECs and established an immortalized BIEC line by transfecting PBIECs with the pCI-neo-hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) recombinant plasmid. The immortalized cell line (BIECs-21) retained structure and function similar to that of the PBIECs. The marker proteins characteristic of epithelial cells, cytokeratin 18, occludin, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), E-cadherin and enterokinase, were all positive in the immortalized cell line, and the cell structure, growth rate, karyotype, serum dependence and contact inhibition were normal. The hTERT gene was successfully transferred into BIECs-21 where it remained stable and was highly expressed. The transport of short-chain fatty acids and glucose uptake by the BIECs-21 was consistent with PBIECs, and we showed that they could be infected with the intestinal parasite, Neospora caninum. The immortalized BIECs-21, which have exceeded 80 passages, were structurally and functionally similar to the primary BIECs and thus provide a valuable research tool for investigating the mechanism of pathogen infection of the bovine intestinal epithelium in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Meng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Y uexin Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Weifeng Qian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mengying Dou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yongsheng An
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Lei He
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Eerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, China
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6
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Canals Hernaez D, Hughes MR, Li Y, Mainero Rocca I, Dean P, Brassard J, Bell EM, Samudio I, Mes-Masson AM, Narimatsu Y, Clausen H, Blixt O, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. Targeting a Tumor-Specific Epitope on Podocalyxin Increases Survival in Human Tumor Preclinical Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856424. [PMID: 35600398 PMCID: PMC9115113 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (Podxl) is a CD34-related cell surface sialomucin that is normally highly expressed by adult vascular endothelia and kidney podocytes where it plays a key role in blocking adhesion. Importantly, it is also frequently upregulated on a wide array of human tumors and its expression often correlates with poor prognosis. We previously showed that, in xenograft studies, Podxl plays a key role in metastatic disease by making tumor initiating cells more mobile and invasive. Recently, we developed a novel antibody, PODO447, which shows exquisite specificity for a tumor-restricted glycoform of Podxl but does not react with Podxl expressed by normal adult tissue. Here we utilized an array of glycosylation defective cell lines to further define the PODO447 reactive epitope and reveal it as an O-linked core 1 glycan presented in the context of the Podxl peptide backbone. Further, we show that when coupled to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) toxic payload, PODO447 functions as a highly specific and effective antibody drug conjugate (ADC) in killing ovarian, pancreatic, glioblastoma and leukemia cell lines in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate PODO447-ADCs are highly effective in targeting human pancreatic and ovarian tumors in xenografted NSG and Nude mouse models. These data reveal PODO447-ADCs as exquisitely tumor-specific and highly efficacious immunotherapeutic reagents for the targeting of human tumors. Thus, PODO447 exhibits the appropriate characteristics for further development as a targeted clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yicong Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ilaria Mainero Rocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julyanne Brassard
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Borzdziłowska P, Bednarek I. The Effect of α-Mangostin and Cisplatin on Ovarian Cancer Cells and the Microenvironment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051116. [PMID: 35625852 PMCID: PMC9138353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the cancers that, unfortunately, is detected at a late stage of development. The current use of treatment has many side effects. Notably, up to 20% of patients show cisplatin resistance. We assess the effects of cisplatin and/or α-mangostin, a natural plant derivative, on ovarian cancer cells and on the cancer cell microenvironment. The effect of cisplatin and/or α-mangostin on the following cells of ovarian cancer lines: A2780, TOV-21G, and SKOV-3 was verified using the XTT cytotoxicity assay. The separate and combined effects of tested drugs on ovarian cancer cell viability were assessed. We assessed the influence of chemotherapeutic agents on the possibility of modulating the microenvironment. For this purpose, we isolated exosomes from drug-treated and untreated ovarian cancer cells. We estimated the differences in the amounts of exosomes released from cancer cells (NTA technique). We also examined the effects of isolated exosome fractions on normal human cells (NHDF human fibroblast line). In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of A2780, SKOV-3, and TOV-21G cells with α-mangostin in combination with cisplatin can allow a reduction in cisplatin concentration while maintaining the same cytotoxic effect. Ovarian cancer cells release a variable number of exosomes into the microenvironment when exposed to α-mangostin and/or cisplatin. However, it is important to note that the cargo carried by exosomes released from drug-treated cells may be significantly different.
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8
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Guo C, Liu Z, Yu Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Guo Y, Peng Z, Cai G, Hua Z, Han X, Li Z. TP53 /KRAS Co-Mutations Create Divergent Prognosis Signatures in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:844800. [PMID: 35401671 PMCID: PMC8990229 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.844800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to high invasiveness and heterogeneity, the morbidity and mortality of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unsatisfied. Recently, the exploration of genomic variants has decoded the underlying mechanisms of initiation and progression for multiple tumors, while has not been fully investigated in ICC. Methods: We comprehensively analyzed 899 clinical and somatic mutation data of ICC patients from three large-scale cohorts. Based on the mutation landscape, we identified the common high-frequency mutation genes (FMGs). Subsequently, the clinical features, prognosis, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and pharmacological landscape from patients with different mutation carriers were further analyzed. Results: We found TP53 and KRAS were the common FMGs in the three cohorts. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and univariate and multivariate analysis displayed that TP53 and KRAS mutations were associated with poor prognosis. Considering the co-mutation phenomenon of TP53 and KRAS, we stratified patients into “Double-WT,” “Single-Hit,” and “Double-Hit” phenotypes by mutation status. Patients with the three phenotypes showed significant differences in the mutation landscape. Additionally, compared with “Double-WT” and “Single-Hit” phenotypes, patients with “Double-Hit” presented a dismal prognosis and significantly high TMB. Through chemotherapy sensitivity analysis, we identified a total of 30 sensitive drugs for ICC patients, of which 22 were drugs sensitive to “Double-WT,” 7 were drugs sensitive to “Double-Hit,” and only one was a drug sensitive to “Single-Hit.” Conclusion: Our study defined a novel mutation classification based on the common FMGs, which may contribute to the individualized treatment and management of ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunfang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhumadian Central Hospital Affiliated to Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Nursing, Zhumadian Central Hospital Affiliated to Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Yaming Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Peng
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaopo Cai
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Hua
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Hua, ; Xinwei Han, ; Zhen Li,
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Hua, ; Xinwei Han, ; Zhen Li,
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Hua, ; Xinwei Han, ; Zhen Li,
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9
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Gaia-Oltean AI, Braicu C, Gulei D, Ciortea R, Mihu D, Roman H, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Ovarian endometriosis, a precursor of ovarian cancer: Histological aspects, gene expression and microRNA alterations (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 33603851 PMCID: PMC7851621 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian endometriosis is a frequent chronic gynecological disease with an uncertain evolution regarding its progression or association with ovarian malignant lesions. The present review summarized the histological aspects, gene expression and microRNA (miRNA/miR) alterations associated with ovarian endometriosis and cancer and their possible interaction. The endometriosis-ovarian cancer interaction has been proposed by certain researchers as a single entity. Histological results indicated that endometriosis has been in different circumstances coexisting with ovarian cancer, with reference to endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma. Endometriosis with moderate and severe atypia can influence cell proliferation and architecture, resulting in a possible malignant transformation. Gene expression analysis indicated that the pathologies of both endometriosis and ovarian cancer are characterized by genetic instability from a molecular point of view, as several important genetic mutations, including ARID1A, PI3KCA, PTEN, BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53 and KRAS genes, were identified. miRNA alterations have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression. Common dysregulated miRNAs, such as miR-331, miR-335, miR-891, miR-548, miR-124, miR-148, miR-215, miR-192, miR-337, miR-153, miR-155, miR-144, miR-221 and miR-3688 were extensively investigated in understanding endometriosis and ovarian cancer evolution. From a combined viewpoint including histological aspects, gene expression and miRNA alterations, it is reasonable to speculate that endometriosis is associated with ovarian cancer. Ovarian endometriosis lesions may present a risk for ovarian malignant lesions, which supports a model of endometriosis as a malignant precursor. However, the endometriosis-ovarian cancer association is not widely accepted in the literature and additional studies are required to validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ioana Gaia-Oltean
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan Ciortea
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Mihu
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horace Roman
- Center of Endometriosis, Clinique Tivoli-Ducos, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Oncology Institute 'Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta', 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Canals Hernaez D, Hughes MR, Dean P, Bergqvist P, Samudio I, Blixt O, Wiedemeyer K, Li Y, Bond C, Cruz E, Köbel M, Gilks B, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. PODO447: a novel antibody to a tumor-restricted epitope on the cancer antigen podocalyxin. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001128. [PMID: 33243933 PMCID: PMC7692987 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of new targeted cancer therapies has been dependent on the identification of tumor-specific antigens. Podocalyxin (Podxl) is upregulated on tumors with high metastatic index and its presence is associated with poor outcome, thus emerging as an important prognostic and theragnostic marker in several human cancers. Moreover, in human tumor xenograft models, Podxl expression promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Although a promising target for immunotherapy, the expression of Podxl on normal vascular endothelia and kidney podocytes could hamper efforts to therapeutically target this molecule. Since pathways regulating post-translational modifications are frequently perturbed in cancer cells, we sought to produce novel anti-Podxl antibodies (Abs) that selectively recognize tumor-restricted glycoepitopes on the extracellular mucin domain of Podxl. Methods Splenic B cells were isolated from rabbits immunized with a Podxl-expressing human tumor cell line. Abs from these B cells were screened for potent reactivity to Podxl+ neoplastic cell lines but not Podxl+ primary endothelial cells. Transcripts encoding heavy and light chain variable regions from promising B cells were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins. Tumor specificity was assessed using primary normal tissue and an ovarian cancer tissue microarray (TMA). Mapping of the tumor-restricted epitope was performed using enzyme-treated human tumor cell lines and a glycan array. Results One mAb (PODO447) showed strong reactivity with a variety of Podxl+ tumor cell lines but not with normal primary human tissue including Podxl+ kidney podocytes and most vascular endothelia. Screening of an ovarian carcinoma TMA (219 cases) revealed PODO447 reactivity with the majority of tumors, including 65% of the high-grade serous histotype. Subsequent biochemical analyses determined that PODO447 reacts with a highly unusual terminal N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1 (GalNAcβ1) motif predominantly found on the Podxl protein core. Finally, Ab–drug conjugates showed specific efficacy in killing tumor cells in vitro. Conclusions We have generated a novel and exquisitely tumor-restricted mAb, PODO447, that recognizes a glycoepitope on Podxl expressed at high levels by a variety of tumors including the majority of life-threatening high-grade serous ovarian tumors. Thus, tumor-restricted PODO447 exhibits the appropriate specificity for further development as a targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Bergqvist
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ola Blixt
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Katharina Wiedemeyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yicong Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Bond
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Cruz
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Koni M, Pinnarò V, Brizzi MF. The Wnt Signalling Pathway: A Tailored Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207697. [PMID: 33080952 PMCID: PMC7589708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest public health challenges. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 9.6 million cancer deaths have been reported in 2018. The most common cancers include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, skin (non-melanoma) and stomach cancer. The unbalance of physiological signalling pathways due to the acquisition of mutations in tumour cells is considered the most common cancer driver. The Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway is crucial for tissue development and homeostasis in all animal species and its dysregulation is one of the most relevant events linked to cancer development and dissemination. The canonical and the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways are known to control both physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Herein, the impact of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in driving cancers from different origin has been examined. Finally, based on the impact of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) on tumour growth, invasion and chemoresistance, and their role as tumour diagnostic and prognostic tools, an overview of the current knowledge linking EVs to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also discussed.
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