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Agarwal H, Bynum RC, Saleh N, Harris D, MacCuaig WM, Kim V, Sanderson EJ, Dennahy IS, Singh R, Behkam B, Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Jain A, Edil BH, McNally LR. Theranostic nanoparticles for detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1983. [PMID: 39140128 PMCID: PMC11328968 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most recalcitrant cancers due to its late diagnosis, poor therapeutic response, and highly heterogeneous microenvironment. Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome some of the challenges to improve diagnostics and tumor-specific drug delivery but they have not been plausibly viable in clinical settings. The review focuses on active targeting strategies to enhance pancreatic tumor-specific uptake for nanoparticles. Additionally, this review highlights using actively targeted liposomes, micelles, gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and iron oxide nanoparticles to improve pancreatic tumor targeting. Active targeting of nanoparticles toward either differentially expressed receptors or PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) using peptides, antibodies, small molecules, polysaccharides, and hormones has been presented. We focus on microenvironment-based hallmarks of PDAC and the potential for actively targeted nanoparticles to overcome the challenges presented in PDAC. It describes the use of nanoparticles as contrast agents for improved diagnosis and the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents that target various aspects within the TME of PDAC. Additionally, we review emerging nano-contrast agents detected using imaging-based technologies and the role of nanoparticles in energy-based treatments of PDAC. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Agarwal
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ryan C Bynum
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nada Saleh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Danielle Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - William M MacCuaig
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Emma J Sanderson
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Isabel S Dennahy
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lacey R McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Han Z, MacCuaig WM, Gurcan MN, Claros-Sorto J, Garwe T, Henson C, Holter-Chakrabarty J, Hannafon B, Chandra V, Wellberg E, McNally LR. Dynamic 2-deoxy-D-glucose-enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography for assessing metabolism and vascular hemodynamics of breast cancer. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100531. [PMID: 37485041 PMCID: PMC10362308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical tools for measuring tumor vascular hemodynamics, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, are clinically important to assess tumor properties. Here we explored the use of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), which has a high spatial and temporal resolution, to measure the intratumoral pharmacokinetics of a near-infrared-dye-labeled 2-Deoxyglucose, 2-DG-800, in orthotropic 2-LMP breast tumors in mice. As uptake of 2-DG-800 is dependent on both vascular properties, and glucose transporter activity - a widely-used surrogate for metabolism, we evaluate hemodynamics of 2-DG-MP by fitting the dynamic MSOT signal of 2-DG-800 into two-compartment models including the extended Tofts model (ETM) and reference region model (RRM). We showed that dynamic 2-DG-enhanced MSOT (DGE-MSOT) is powerful in acquiring hemodynamic rate constants, including Ktrans and Kep, via systemically injecting a low dose of 2-DG-800 (0.5 µmol/kg b.w.). In our study, both ETM and RRM are efficient in deriving hemodynamic parameters in the tumor. Area-under-curve (AUC) values (which correlate to metabolism), and Ktrans and Kep values, can effectively distinguish tumor from muscle. Hemodynamic parameters also demonstrated correlations to hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and blood oxygen level (SO2) measurements by spectral unmixing of the MSOT data. Together, our study for the first time demonstrated the capability of DGE-MSOT in assessing vascular hemodynamics of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Center for Health Systems Innovation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - William M. MacCuaig
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Juan Claros-Sorto
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tabitha Garwe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Christina Henson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Bethany Hannafon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Zou R, Sethi G, Klionsky DJ, Zhang X. A bioinformatics analysis, pre-clinical and clinical conception of autophagy in pancreatic cancer: Complexity and simplicity in crosstalk. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106822. [PMID: 37336429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious gastrointestinal tract disease for which the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%, even in developed countries such as the USA. The genomic profile alterations and dysregulated biological mechanisms commonly occur in PC. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cell death process that is maintained at a basal level in physiological conditions, whereas its level often changes during tumorigenesis. The function of autophagy in human cancers is dual and can be oncogenic and onco-suppressor. Autophagy is a potent controller of tumorigenesis in PC. The supportive autophagy in PC escalates the growth rate of PC cells and its suppression can mediate cell death. Autophagy also determines the metastasis of PC cells, and it can control the EMT in affecting migration. Moreover, starvation and hypoxia can stimulate glycolysis, and glycolysis induction can be mediated by autophagy in enhancing tumorigenesis in PC. Furthermore, protective autophagy stimulates drug resistance and gemcitabine resistance in PC cells, and its inhibition can enhance radiosensitivity. Autophagy can degrade MHC-I to mediate immune evasion and also regulates polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Modulation of autophagy activity is provided by silibinin, ursolic acid, chrysin and huaier in the treatment of PC. Non-coding RNAs are also controllers of autophagy in PC and its inhibition can improve therapy response in patients. Moreover, mitophagy shows dysregulation in PC, which can enhance the proliferation of PC cells. Therefore, a bioinformatics analysis demonstrates the dysregulation of autophagy-related proteins and genes in PC as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Samykutty A, Thomas KN, McNally M, Hagood J, Chiba A, Thomas A, McWilliams L, Behkam B, Zhan Y, Council-Troche M, Claros-Sorto JC, Henson C, Garwe T, Sarwar Z, Grizzle WE, McNally LR. Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Tumor-targeted Gold Nanoparticles in HER2-Positive Breast Tumors Using Optoacoustic Imaging. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2023; 5:e220180. [PMID: 37233208 PMCID: PMC10240250 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To develop optoacoustic, spectrally distinct, actively targeted gold nanoparticle-based near-infrared probes (trastuzumab [TRA], TRA-Aurelia-1, and TRA-Aurelia-2) that can be individually identifiable at multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast tumors. Materials and Methods Gold nanoparticle-based near-infrared probes (Aurelia-1 and 2) that are optoacoustically active and spectrally distinct for simultaneous MSOT imaging were synthesized and conjugated to TRA to produce TRA-Aurelia-1 and 2. Freshly resected human HER2-positive (n = 6) and HER2-negative (n = 6) triple-negative breast cancer tumors were treated with TRA-Aurelia-1 and TRA-Aurelia-2 for 2 hours and imaged with MSOT. HER2-expressing DY36T2Q cells and HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 cells were implanted orthotopically into mice (n = 5). MSOT imaging was performed 6 hours following the injection, and the Friedman test was used for analysis. Results TRA-Aurelia-1 (absorption peak, 780 nm) and TRA-Aurelia-2 (absorption peak, 720 nm) were spectrally distinct. HER2-positive human breast tumors exhibited a significant increase in optoacoustic signal following TRA-Aurelia-1 (28.8-fold) or 2 (29.5-fold) (P = .002) treatment relative to HER2-negative tumors. Treatment with TRA-Aurelia-1 and 2 increased optoacoustic signals in DY36T2Q tumors relative to those in MDA-MB-231 controls (14.8-fold, P < .001; 20.8-fold, P < .001, respectively). Conclusion The study demonstrates that TRA-Aurelia 1 and 2 nanoparticles operate as a spectrally distinct HER2 breast tumor-targeted in vivo optoacoustic agent. Keywords: Molecular Imaging, Nanoparticles, Photoacoustic Imaging, Breast Cancer Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Samykutty
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Karl N. Thomas
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Molly McNally
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Jordan Hagood
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Akiko Chiba
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Libby McWilliams
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Ying Zhan
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - McAlister Council-Troche
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Juan C. Claros-Sorto
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Christina Henson
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Tabitha Garwe
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Zoona Sarwar
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - William E. Grizzle
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- From the Department of Surgery, Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer
Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (A.S., M.M., J.H., L.M.,
J.C.C.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health
Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla (C.H.); Atrium Wake Forest Health
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC (A.T., L.M.); Department of
Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.C.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27013 (A.S., K.N.T., M.M., L.R.M.);
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Va
(B.B., Y.Z., M.C.T.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (T.G.,
Z.S.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Ala
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5
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Zhao JF, Zou FL, Zhu JF, Huang C, Bu FQ, Zhu ZM, Yuan RF. Nano-drug delivery system for pancreatic cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025618. [PMID: 36330100 PMCID: PMC9622975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nano drug delivery system (NDDS) can significantly improve the delivery and efficacy of drugs against pancreatic cancer (PC) in many ways. The purpose of this study is to explore the related research fields of NDDS for PC from the perspective of bibliometrics. Methods: Articles and reviews on NDDS for PC published between 2003 and 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R-bibliometrix, and Microsoft Excel were comprehensively used for bibliometric and visual analysis. Results: A total of 1329 papers on NDDS for PC were included. The number of papers showed an upward trend over the past 20 years. The United States contributed the most papers, followed by China, and India. Also, the United States had the highest number of total citations and H-index. The institution with the most papers was Chinese Acad Sci, which was also the most important in international institutional cooperation. Professors Couvreur P and Kazuoka K made great achievements in this field. JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE published the most papers and was cited the most. The topics related to the tumor microenvironment such as “tumor microenvironment”, “tumor penetration”, “hypoxia”, “exosome”, and “autophagy”, PC treatment-related topics such as “immunotherapy”, “combination therapy”, “alternating magnetic field/magnetic hyperthermia”, and “ultrasound”, and gene therapy dominated by “siRNA” and “miRNA” were the research hotspots in the field of NDDS for PC. Conclusion: This study systematically uncovered a holistic picture of the performance of NDDS for PC-related literature over the past 20 years. We provided scholars to understand key information in this field with the perspective of bibliometrics, which we believe may greatly facilitate future research in this field.
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6
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Satange R, Kao SH, Chien CM, Chou SH, Lin CC, Neidle S, Hou MH. Staggered intercalation of DNA duplexes with base-pair modulation by two distinct drug molecules induces asymmetric backbone twisting and structure polymorphism. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8867-8881. [PMID: 35871296 PMCID: PMC9410880 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of multiple drugs simultaneously targeting DNA is a promising strategy in cancer therapy for potentially overcoming single drug resistance. In support of this concept, we report that a combination of actinomycin D (ActD) and echinomycin (Echi), can interact in novel ways with native and mismatched DNA sequences, distinct from the structural effects produced by either drug alone. Changes in the former with GpC and CpG steps separated by a A:G or G:A mismatch or in a native DNA with canonical G:C and C:G base pairs, result in significant asymmetric backbone twists through staggered intercalation and base pair modulations. A wobble or Watson–Crick base pair at the two drug-binding interfaces can result in a single-stranded ‘chair-shaped’ DNA duplex with a straight helical axis. However, a novel sugar-edged hydrogen bonding geometry in the G:A mismatch leads to a ‘curved-shaped’ duplex. Two non-canonical G:C Hoogsteen base pairings produce a sharply kinked duplex in different forms and a four-way junction-like superstructure, respectively. Therefore, single base pair modulations on the two drug-binding interfaces could significantly affect global DNA structure. These structures thus provide a rationale for atypical DNA recognition via multiple DNA intercalators and a structural basis for the drugs’ potential synergetic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Satange
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Kao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ming Chien
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Neidle
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London , London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
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7
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Nanotheranostics for Image-Guided Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050917. [PMID: 35631503 PMCID: PMC9144228 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-guided nanotheranostics have the potential to represent a new paradigm in the treatment of cancer. Recent developments in modern imaging and nanoparticle design offer an answer to many of the issues associated with conventional chemotherapy, including their indiscriminate side effects and susceptibility to drug resistance. Imaging is one of the tools best poised to enable tailoring of cancer therapies. The field of image-guided nanotheranostics has the potential to harness the precision of modern imaging techniques and use this to direct, dictate, and follow site-specific drug delivery, all of which can be used to further tailor cancer therapies on both the individual and population level. The use of image-guided drug delivery has exploded in preclinical and clinical trials although the clinical translation is incipient. This review will focus on traditional mechanisms of targeted drug delivery in cancer, including the use of molecular targeting, as well as the foundations of designing nanotheranostics, with a focus on current clinical applications of nanotheranostics in cancer. A variety of specially engineered and targeted drug carriers, along with strategies of labeling nanoparticles to endow detectability in different imaging modalities will be reviewed. It will also introduce newer concepts of image-guided drug delivery, which may circumvent many of the issues seen with other techniques. Finally, we will review the current barriers to clinical translation of image-guided nanotheranostics and how these may be overcome.
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8
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Khan SU, Pathania AS, Wani A, Fatima K, Mintoo MJ, Hamza B, Paddar MA, Bhumika W, Anand LK, Maqbool MS, Mir SA, Kour J, Venkateswarlu V, Mondhe DM, Sawant SD, Malik F. Activation of lysosomal mediated cell death in the course of autophagy by mTORC1 inhibitor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5052. [PMID: 35322026 PMCID: PMC8943151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal biogenesis plays a vital role in cell fate. Under certain conditions, excessive lysosomal biogenesis leads to susceptibility for lysosomal membrane permeabilization resulting in various pathological conditions including cell death. In cancer cells apoptosis machinery becomes dysregulated during the course of treatment, thus allows cancer cells to escape apoptosis. So it is therefore imperative to identify cytotoxic agents that exploit non-apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. Our study showed that pancreatic cancer cells treated with SDS-203 triggered an incomplete autophagic response and a nuclear translocation of transcriptional factor TFEB. This resulted in abundant biosynthesis and accumulation of autophagosomes and lysosomes into the cells leading to their death. It was observed that the silencing of autophagy genes didn’t alter the cell fate, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of TFEB subdued SDS-203 mediated lysosomal biogenesis and associated cell death. Further mouse tumors treated with SDS-203 showed a significant reduction in tumor burden and increased expression of lysosomal markers. Taken together this study demonstrates that SDS-203 treatment triggers non-apoptotic cell death in pancreatic cancer cells through a mechanism of lysosome over accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Anup Singh Pathania
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Abubakar Wani
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Mubashir Javed Mintoo
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Baseerat Hamza
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India
| | - Masroor Ahmad Paddar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Wadhwa Bhumika
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Loveleena Kour Anand
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Mir Shahid Maqbool
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Sameer Ahmad Mir
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Vunnam Venkateswarlu
- Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Dilip Manikrao Mondhe
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India.
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9
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Rodriguez D, Watts D, Gaete D, Sormendi S, Wielockx B. Hypoxia Pathway Proteins and Their Impact on the Blood Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179191. [PMID: 34502102 PMCID: PMC8431527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in the body requires oxygen for its functioning, in virtually every animal, and a tightly regulated system that balances oxygen supply and demand is therefore fundamental. The vascular network is one of the first systems to sense oxygen, and deprived oxygen (hypoxia) conditions automatically lead to a cascade of cellular signals that serve to circumvent the negative effects of hypoxia, such as angiogenesis associated with inflammation, tumor development, or vascular disorders. This vascular signaling is driven by central transcription factors, namely the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which determine the expression of a growing number of genes in endothelial cells and pericytes. HIF functions are tightly regulated by oxygen sensors known as the HIF-prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs), which are enzymes that hydroxylate HIFs for eventual proteasomal degradation. HIFs, as well as PHDs, represent attractive therapeutic targets under various pathological settings, including those involving vascular (dys)function. We focus on the characteristics and mechanisms by which vascular cells respond to hypoxia under a variety of conditions.
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10
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Radadiya PS, Thornton MM, Daniel EA, Idowu JY, Wang W, Magenheimer B, Subramaniam D, Tran PV, Calvet JP, Wallace DP, Sharma M. Quinomycin A reduces cyst progression in polycystic kidney disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21533. [PMID: 33826787 PMCID: PMC8251518 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002490r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by aberrant renal epithelial cell proliferation and formation and progressive growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts within the kidneys. Previously, we showed that there is elevated Notch signaling compared to normal renal epithelial cells and that Notch signaling contributes to the proliferation of cystic cells. Quinomycin A, a bis-intercalator peptide, has previously been shown to target the Notch signaling pathway and inhibit tumor growth in cancer. Here, we show that Quinomycin A decreased cell proliferation and cyst growth of human ADPKD cyst epithelial cells cultured within a 3D collagen gel. Treatment with Quinomycin A reduced kidney weight to body weight ratio and decreased renal cystic area and fibrosis in Pkd1RC/RC ; Pkd2+/- mice, an orthologous PKD mouse model. This was accompanied by reduced expression of Notch pathway proteins, RBPjk and HeyL and cell proliferation in kidneys of PKD mice. Quinomycin A treatments also normalized cilia length of cyst epithelial cells derived from the collecting ducts. This is the first study to demonstrate that Quinomycin A effectively inhibits PKD progression and suggests that Quinomycin A has potential therapeutic value for PKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S Radadiya
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mackenzie M Thornton
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Emily A Daniel
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jessica Y Idowu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Brenda Magenheimer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Pamela V Tran
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James P Calvet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Darren P Wallace
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Madhulika Sharma
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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11
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Ding B, Bao C, Jin L, Xu L, Fan W, Lou W. CASK Silence Overcomes Sorafenib Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Activating Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681683. [PMID: 34249726 PMCID: PMC8260832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients usually fail to be treated because of drug resistance, including sorafenib. In this study, the effects of CASK in HCC were investigated using gain- or loss-of-function strategies by performing cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent confocal laser microscopy, tumor xenograft experiment and immunohistochemistry staining. The current results suggested that CASK expression was positively associated with sorafenib resistance and poor prognosis of HCC. Moreover, inhibition of CASK increased the role of sorafenib partially by promoting apoptosis and autophagy, while CASK overexpression presented the opposite effects. Besides, when treatment with sorafenib, inhibition of apoptosis using the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and inhibition of autophagy using autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) of LC3B all significantly reversed CASK knockout-induced effects, suggesting that both apoptosis and autophagy were involved in CASK-mediated above functions and autophagy played a pro-death role in this research. Intriguingly, similar results were observed in vivo. In molecular level, CASK knockout activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and treatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 or transiently transfected with siRNA targeting JNK significantly attenuated CASK knockout-mediated autophagic cell death. Collectively, all these results together indicated that CASK might be a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisha Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Bao
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luqi Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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