1
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Lumeau A, Bery N, Francès A, Gayral M, Labrousse G, Ribeyre C, Lopez C, Nevot A, El Kaoutari A, Hanoun N, Sarot E, Perrier M, Pont F, Cerapio JP, Fournié JJ, Lopez F, Madrid-Mencia M, Pancaldi V, Pillaire MJ, Bergoglio V, Torrisani J, Dusetti N, Hoffmann JS, Buscail L, Lutzmann M, Cordelier P. Cytidine Deaminase Resolves Replicative Stress and Protects Pancreatic Cancer from DNA-Targeting Drugs. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1013-1028. [PMID: 38294491 PMCID: PMC10982645 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) functions in the pyrimidine salvage pathway for DNA and RNA syntheses and has been shown to protect cancer cells from deoxycytidine-based chemotherapies. In this study, we observed that CDA was overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma from patients at baseline and was essential for experimental tumor growth. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CDA localized to replication forks where it increased replication speed, improved replication fork restart efficiency, reduced endogenous replication stress, minimized DNA breaks, and regulated genetic stability during DNA replication. In cellular pancreatic cancer models, high CDA expression correlated with resistance to DNA-damaging agents. Silencing CDA in patient-derived primary cultures in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts in vivo increased replication stress and sensitized pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to oxaliplatin. This study sheds light on the role of CDA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, offering insights into how this tumor type modulates replication stress. These findings suggest that CDA expression could potentially predict therapeutic efficacy and that targeting CDA induces intolerable levels of replication stress in cancer cells, particularly when combined with DNA-targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Cytidine deaminase reduces replication stress and regulates DNA replication to confer resistance to DNA-damaging drugs in pancreatic cancer, unveiling a molecular vulnerability that could enhance treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lumeau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Bery
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Francès
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Gayral
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Labrousse
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Ribeyre
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlene Lopez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Adele Nevot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Naima Hanoun
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Sarot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Perrier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Pont
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan-Pablo Cerapio
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lopez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Miguel Madrid-Mencia
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jerome Torrisani
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Service de gastroentérologie et d'hépatologie, CHU Rangueil, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Malik Lutzmann
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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2
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Bertolin AP, Gottifredi V. A mitotic stopwatch determines cell fate. Science 2024; 383:1414-1415. [PMID: 38547295 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado5703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Surveillance of mitotic timing prevents amplification of damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Oram MK, Baxley RM, Simon EM, Lin K, Chang YC, Wang L, Myers CL, Bielinsky AK. RNF4 prevents genomic instability caused by chronic DNA under-replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 135:103646. [PMID: 38340377 PMCID: PMC10948022 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genome stability is maintained by a complex and diverse set of molecular processes. One class of enzymes that promotes proper DNA repair, replication and cell cycle progression comprises small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted E3 ligases, or STUbLs. Previously, we reported a role for the budding yeast STUbL synthetically lethal with sgs1 (Slx) 5/8 in preventing G2/M-phase arrest in a minichromosome maintenance protein 10 (Mcm10)-deficient model of replication stress. Here, we extend these studies to human cells, examining the requirement for the human STUbL RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) in MCM10 mutant cancer cells. We find that MCM10 and RNF4 independently promote origin firing but regulate DNA synthesis epistatically and, unlike in yeast, the negative genetic interaction between RNF4 and MCM10 causes cells to accumulate in G1-phase. When MCM10 is deficient, RNF4 prevents excessive DNA under-replication at hard-to-replicate regions that results in large DNA copy number alterations and severely reduced viability. Overall, our findings highlight that STUbLs participate in species-specific mechanisms to maintain genome stability, and that human RNF4 is required for origin activation in the presence of chronic replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K Oram
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan M Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emily M Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ya-Chu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Liangjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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4
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Bournaka S, Badra-Fajardo N, Arbi M, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. The cell cycle revisited: DNA replication past S phase preserves genome integrity. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:45-55. [PMID: 38346544 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and complete DNA duplication is critical for maintaining genome integrity. Multiple mechanisms regulate when and where DNA replication takes place, to ensure that the entire genome is duplicated once and only once per cell cycle. Although the bulk of the genome is copied during the S phase of the cell cycle, increasing evidence suggests that parts of the genome are replicated in G2 or mitosis, in a last attempt to secure that daughter cells inherit an accurate copy of parental DNA. Remaining unreplicated gaps may be passed down to progeny and replicated in the next G1 or S phase. These findings challenge the long-established view that genome duplication occurs strictly during the S phase, bridging DNA replication to DNA repair and providing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Bournaka
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Nibal Badra-Fajardo
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
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5
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Weiner AC, Williams MJ, Shi H, Vázquez-García I, Salehi S, Rusk N, Aparicio S, Shah SP, McPherson A. Single-cell DNA replication dynamics in genomically unstable cancers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536250. [PMID: 37090647 PMCID: PMC10120671 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated DNA replication is both a cause and a consequence of aneuploidy, yet the dynamics of DNA replication in aneuploid cell populations remains understudied. We developed a new method, PERT, for inferring cell-specific DNA replication states from single-cell whole genome sequencing, and investigated clone-specific DNA replication dynamics in >50,000 cells obtained from a collection of aneuploid and clonally heterogeneous cell lines, xenografts and primary cancer tissues. Clone replication timing (RT) profiles correlated with future copy number changes in serially passaged cell lines. Cell type was the strongest determinant of RT heterogeneity, while whole genome doubling and mutational process were associated with accumulation of late S-phase cells and weaker RT associations. Copy number changes affecting chromosome X had striking impact on RT, with loss of the inactive X allele shifting replication earlier, and loss of inactive Xq resulting in reactivation of Xp. Finally, analysis of time series xenografts illustrate how cell cycle distributions approximate clone proliferation, recapitulating expected relationships between proliferation and fitness in treatment-naive and chemotherapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Weiner
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J Williams
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Vázquez-García
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sohrab Salehi
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Rusk
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sohrab P Shah
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew McPherson
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Chakraborty S, Schirmeisen K, Lambert SA. The multifaceted functions of homologous recombination in dealing with replication-associated DNA damages. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 129:103548. [PMID: 37541027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The perturbation of DNA replication, a phenomena termed "replication stress", is a driving force of genome instability and a hallmark of cancer cells. Among the DNA repair mechanisms that contribute to tolerating replication stress, the homologous recombination pathway is central to the alteration of replication fork progression. In many organisms, defects in the homologous recombination machinery result in increased cell sensitivity to replication-blocking agents and a higher risk of cancer in humans. Moreover, the status of homologous recombination in cancer cells often correlates with the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the different functions of homologous recombination in fixing replication-associated DNA damage and contributing to complete genome duplication. We also examine which functions are pivotal in preventing cancer and genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrena Chakraborty
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Kamila Schirmeisen
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Sarah Ae Lambert
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France.
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7
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Mourkioti I, Polyzou A, Veroutis D, Theocharous G, Lagopati N, Gentile E, Stravokefalou V, Thanos DF, Havaki S, Kletsas D, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Stellas D, Petty R, Blandino G, Papaspyropoulos A, Gorgoulis VG. A GATA2-CDC6 axis modulates androgen receptor blockade-induced senescence in prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:187. [PMID: 37507762 PMCID: PMC10386253 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has proven effective in early-stage androgen-sensitive disease, but prostate cancer gradually develops into an androgen-resistant metastatic state in the vast majority of patients. According to our oncogene-induced model for cancer development, senescence is a major tumor progression barrier. However, whether senescence is implicated in the progression of early-stage androgen-sensitive to highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains poorly addressed. METHODS Androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (C4-2B and PC-3) cells were treated or not with enzalutamide, an Androgen Receptor (AR) inhibitor. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses were carried out in LNCaP cells to identify potential senescence regulators upon treatment. Assessment of the invasive potential of cells and senescence status following enzalutamide treatment and/or RNAi-mediated silencing of selected targets was performed in all cell lines, complemented by bioinformatics analyses on a wide range of in vitro and in vivo datasets. Key observations were validated in LNCaP and C4-2B mouse xenografts. Senescence induction was assessed by state-of-the-art GL13 staining by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrate that enzalutamide treatment induces senescence in androgen-sensitive cells via reduction of the replication licensing factor CDC6. Mechanistically, we show that CDC6 downregulation is mediated through endogenous activation of the GATA2 transcription factor functioning as a CDC6 repressor. Intriguingly, GATA2 levels decrease in enzalutamide-resistant cells, leading to CDC6 stabilization accompanied by activation of Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) markers and absence of senescence. We show that CDC6 loss is sufficient to reverse oncogenic features and induce senescence regardless of treatment responsiveness, thereby identifying CDC6 as a critical determinant of prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS We identify a key GATA2-CDC6 signaling axis which is reciprocally regulated in enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer environments. Upon acquired resistance, GATA2 repression leads to CDC6 stabilization, with detrimental effects in disease progression through exacerbation of EMT and abrogation of senescence. However, bypassing the GATA2-CDC6 axis by direct inhibition of CDC6 reverses oncogenic features and establishes senescence, thereby offering a therapeutic window even after acquiring resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mourkioti
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theocharous
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vasiliki Stravokefalou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris-Foivos Thanos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Department of Research, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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8
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Sachsenweger J, Jansche R, Merk T, Heitmeir B, Deniz M, Faust U, Roggia C, Tzschach A, Schroeder C, Riess A, Pospiech H, Peltoketo H, Pylkäs K, Winqvist R, Wiesmüller L. ABRAXAS1 orchestrates BRCA1 activities to counter genome destabilizing repair pathways-lessons from breast cancer patients. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:328. [PMID: 37198153 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It has been well-established that mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, compromising functions in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR), confer hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk. Importantly, mutations in these genes explain only a minor fraction of the hereditary risk and of the subset of DSBR deficient tumors. Our screening efforts identified two truncating germline mutations in the gene encoding the BRCA1 complex partner ABRAXAS1 in German early-onset breast cancer patients. To unravel the molecular mechanisms triggering carcinogenesis in these carriers of heterozygous mutations, we examined DSBR functions in patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) and in genetically manipulated mammary epithelial cells. By use of these strategies we were able to demonstrate that these truncating ABRAXAS1 mutations exerted dominant effects on BRCA1 functions. Interestingly, we did not observe haploinsufficiency regarding homologous recombination (HR) proficiency (reporter assay, RAD51-foci, PARP-inhibitor sensitivity) in mutation carriers. However, the balance was shifted to use of mutagenic DSBR-pathways. The dominant effect of truncated ABRAXAS1 devoid of the C-terminal BRCA1 binding site can be explained by retention of the N-terminal interaction sites for other BRCA1-A complex partners like RAP80. In this case BRCA1 was channeled from the BRCA1-A to the BRCA1-C complex, which induced single-strand annealing (SSA). Further truncation, additionally deleting the coiled-coil region of ABRAXAS1, unleashed excessive DNA damage responses (DDRs) de-repressing multiple DSBR-pathways including SSA and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Our data reveal de-repression of low-fidelity repair activities as a common feature of cells from patients with heterozygous mutations in genes encoding BRCA1 and its complex partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Sachsenweger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rebecca Jansche
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Merk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Heitmeir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Deniz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrike Faust
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristiana Roggia
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Schroeder
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Pospiech
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hellevi Peltoketo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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9
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Mansilla SF, Bertolin AP, Venerus Arbilla S, Castaño BA, Jahjah T, Singh JK, Siri SO, Castro MV, de la Vega MB, Quinet A, Wiesmüller L, Gottifredi V. Polymerase iota (Pol ι) prevents PrimPol-mediated nascent DNA synthesis and chromosome instability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7997. [PMID: 37058556 PMCID: PMC10104471 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have described a DNA damage tolerance pathway choice that involves a competition between PrimPol-mediated repriming and fork reversal. Screening different translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerases by the use of tools for their depletion, we identified a unique role of Pol ι in regulating such a pathway choice. Pol ι deficiency unleashes PrimPol-dependent repriming, which accelerates DNA replication in a pathway that is epistatic with ZRANB3 knockdown. In Pol ι-depleted cells, the excess participation of PrimPol in nascent DNA elongation reduces replication stress signals, but thereby also checkpoint activation in S phase, triggering chromosome instability in M phase. This TLS-independent function of Pol ι requires its PCNA-interacting but not its polymerase domain. Our findings unravel an unanticipated role of Pol ι in protecting the genome stability of cells from detrimental changes in DNA replication dynamics caused by PrimPol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agostina P. Bertolin
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Bryan A. Castaño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tiya Jahjah
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jenny K. Singh
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | | | - Annabel Quinet
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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10
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Neizer-Ashun F, Dwivedi S, Dey A, Thavathiru E, Berry W, Lees-Miller S, Mukherjee P, Bhattacharya R. KRCC1, a modulator of the DNA damage response. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11028-11039. [PMID: 36243983 PMCID: PMC9638924 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine-rich coiled-coil 1 (KRCC1) protein is overexpressed in multiple malignancies, including ovarian cancer, and overexpression correlates with poor overall survival. Despite a potential role in cancer progression, the biology of KRCC1 remains elusive. Here, we characterize the biology of KRCC1 and define its role in the DNA damage response and in cell cycle progression. We demonstrate that KRCC1 associates with the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) upon DNA damage and regulates the CHK1-mediated checkpoint. KRCC1 facilitates RAD51 recombinase foci formation and augments homologous recombination repair. Furthermore, KRCC1 is required for proper S-phase progression and subsequent mitotic entry. Our findings uncover a novel component of the DNA damage response and a potential link between cell cycle, associated damage response and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiifi Neizer-Ashun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elangovan Thavathiru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susan Patricia Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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11
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Yoshida K, Ishimoto R, Fujita M. Microscopic Detection of DNA Synthesis in Early Mitosis at Repetitive lacO Sequences in Human Cells. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4504. [PMID: 36213106 PMCID: PMC9501721 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human cell cycle, complete replication of DNA is a fundamental process for the maintenance of genome integrity. Replication stress interfering with the progression of replication forks causes difficult-to-replicate regions to remain under-replicated until the onset of mitosis. In early mitosis, a homology-directed repair DNA synthesis, called mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS), is triggered to complete DNA replication. Here, we present a method to detect MiDAS in human U2OS 40-2-6 cells, in which repetitive lacO sequences integrated into the human chromosome evoke replication stress and concomitant incomplete replication of the lacO array. Immunostaining of BrdU and LacI proteins is applied for visualization of DNA synthesis in early mitosis and the lacO array, respectively. This protocol has been established to easily detect MiDAS at specific loci using only common immunostaining methods and may be optimized for the investigation of other difficult-to-replicate regions marked with site-specific binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Yoshida
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
,
Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Riko Ishimoto
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
,
*For correspondence:
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12
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Rossi MJ, DiDomenico SF, Patel M, Mazin AV. RAD52: Paradigm of Synthetic Lethality and New Developments. Front Genet 2021; 12:780293. [PMID: 34887904 PMCID: PMC8650160 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.780293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks and inter-strand cross-links are the most harmful types of DNA damage that cause genomic instability that lead to cancer development. The highest fidelity pathway for repairing damaged double-stranded DNA is termed Homologous recombination (HR). Rad52 is one of the key HR proteins in eukaryotes. Although it is critical for most DNA repair and recombination events in yeast, knockouts of mammalian RAD52 lack any discernable phenotypes. As a consequence, mammalian RAD52 has been long overlooked. That is changing now, as recent work has shown RAD52 to be critical for backup DNA repair pathways in HR-deficient cancer cells. Novel findings have shed light on RAD52's biochemical activities. RAD52 promotes DNA pairing (D-loop formation), single-strand DNA and DNA:RNA annealing, and inverse strand exchange. These activities contribute to its multiple roles in DNA damage repair including HR, single-strand annealing, break-induced replication, and RNA-mediated repair of DNA. The contributions of RAD52 that are essential to the viability of HR-deficient cancer cells are currently under investigation. These new findings make RAD52 an attractive target for the development of anti-cancer therapies against BRCA-deficient cancers.
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13
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Yoshida K, Fujita M. DNA damage responses that enhance resilience to replication stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6763-6773. [PMID: 34463774 PMCID: PMC11072782 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During duplication of the genome, eukaryotic cells may experience various exogenous and endogenous replication stresses that impede progression of DNA replication along chromosomes. Chemical alterations in template DNA, imbalances of deoxynucleotide pools, repetitive sequences, tight DNA-protein complexes, and conflict with transcription can negatively affect the replication machineries. If not properly resolved, stalled replication forks can cause chromosome breaks leading to genomic instability and tumor development. Replication stress is enhanced in cancer cells due, for example, to the loss of DNA repair genes or replication-transcription conflict caused by activation of oncogenic pathways. To prevent these serious consequences, cells are equipped with diverse mechanisms that enhance the resilience of replication machineries to replication stresses. This review describes DNA damage responses activated at stressed replication forks and summarizes current knowledge on the pathways that promote faithful chromosome replication and protect chromosome integrity, including ATR-dependent replication checkpoint signaling, DNA cross-link repair, and SLX4-mediated responses to tight DNA-protein complexes that act as barriers. This review also focuses on the relevance of replication stress responses to selective cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Yoshida
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Central Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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14
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Fitzgerald DM, Rosenberg SM. Biology before the SOS Response-DNA Damage Mechanisms at Chromosome Fragile Sites. Cells 2021; 10:2275. [PMID: 34571923 PMCID: PMC8465572 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli SOS response to DNA damage, discovered and conceptualized by Evelyn Witkin and Miroslav Radman, is the prototypic DNA-damage stress response that upregulates proteins of DNA protection and repair, a radical idea when formulated in the late 1960s and early 1970s. SOS-like responses are now described across the tree of life, and similar mechanisms of DNA-damage tolerance and repair underlie the genome instability that drives human cancer and aging. The DNA damage that precedes damage responses constitutes upstream threats to genome integrity and arises mostly from endogenous biology. Radman's vision and work on SOS, mismatch repair, and their regulation of genome and species evolution, were extrapolated directly from bacteria to humans, at a conceptual level, by Radman, then many others. We follow his lead in exploring bacterial molecular genomic mechanisms to illuminate universal biology, including in human disease, and focus here on some events upstream of SOS: the origins of DNA damage, specifically at chromosome fragile sites, and the engineered proteins that allow us to identify mechanisms. Two fragility mechanisms dominate: one at replication barriers and another associated with the decatenation of sister chromosomes following replication. DNA structures in E. coli, additionally, suggest new interpretations of pathways in cancer evolution, and that Holliday junctions may be universal molecular markers of chromosome fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon M. Fitzgerald
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan M. Rosenberg
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Prodhomme MK, Péricart S, Pommier RM, Morel AP, Brunac AC, Franchet C, Moyret-Lalle C, Brousset P, Puisieux A, Hoffmann JS, Tissier A. Opposite Roles for ZEB1 and TMEJ in the Regulation of Breast Cancer Genome Stability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727429. [PMID: 34458275 PMCID: PMC8388841 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently acquire mutations in faithful DNA repair genes, as exemplified by BRCA-deficiency. Moreover, overexpression of an inaccurate DNA repair pathway may also be at the origin of the genetic instability arising during the course of cancer progression. The specific gain in expression of POLQ, encoding the error-prone DNA polymerase Theta (POLθ) involved in theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ), is associated with a characteristic mutational signature. To gain insight into the mechanistic regulation of POLQ expression, this review briefly presents recent findings on the regulation of POLQ in the claudin-low breast tumor subtype, specifically expressing transcription factors involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as ZEB1 and displaying a paucity in genomic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie K Prodhomme
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Péricart
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- Gilles Thomas Bioinformatics Platform, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Brunac
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Franchet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Brousset
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Institut Curie, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Tissier
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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16
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Tomasini PP, Guecheva TN, Leguisamo NM, Péricart S, Brunac AC, Hoffmann JS, Saffi J. Analyzing the Opportunities to Target DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair and Replicative Stress Responses to Improve Therapeutic Index of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3130. [PMID: 34201502 PMCID: PMC8268241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ample improvements of CRC molecular landscape, the therapeutic options still rely on conventional chemotherapy-based regimens for early disease, and few targeted agents are recommended for clinical use in the metastatic setting. Moreover, the impact of cytotoxic, targeted agents, and immunotherapy combinations in the metastatic scenario is not fully satisfactory, especially the outcomes for patients who develop resistance to these treatments need to be improved. Here, we examine the opportunity to consider therapeutic agents targeting DNA repair and DNA replication stress response as strategies to exploit genetic or functional defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways through synthetic lethal mechanisms, still not explored in CRC. These include the multiple actors involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through homologous recombination (HR), classical non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), inhibitors of the base excision repair (BER) protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), as well as inhibitors of the DNA damage kinases ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), CHK1, WEE1, and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). We also review the biomarkers that guide the use of these agents, and current clinical trials with targeted DDR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pellenz Tomasini
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Avenida Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (P.P.T.); (N.M.L.)
- Post-Graduation Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Temenouga Nikolova Guecheva
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, University Foundation of Cardiology (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre 90620-000, Brazil;
| | - Natalia Motta Leguisamo
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Avenida Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (P.P.T.); (N.M.L.)
| | - Sarah Péricart
- Laboratoire D’Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France; (S.P.); (A.-C.B.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Anne-Cécile Brunac
- Laboratoire D’Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France; (S.P.); (A.-C.B.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Jean Sébastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire D’Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France; (S.P.); (A.-C.B.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Avenida Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (P.P.T.); (N.M.L.)
- Post-Graduation Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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17
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Siri SO, Martino J, Gottifredi V. Structural Chromosome Instability: Types, Origins, Consequences, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3056. [PMID: 34205328 PMCID: PMC8234978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to an increased rate of acquisition of numerical and structural changes in chromosomes and is considered an enabling characteristic of tumors. Given its role as a facilitator of genomic changes, CIN is increasingly being considered as a possible therapeutic target, raising the question of which variables may convert CIN into an ally instead of an enemy during cancer treatment. This review discusses the origins of structural chromosome abnormalities and the cellular mechanisms that prevent and resolve them, as well as how different CIN phenotypes relate to each other. We discuss the possible fates of cells containing structural CIN, focusing on how a few cell duplication cycles suffice to induce profound CIN-mediated genome alterations. Because such alterations can promote tumor adaptation to treatment, we discuss currently proposed strategies to either avoid CIN or enhance CIN to a level that is no longer compatible with cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Omar Siri
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Martino
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Cell Cycle and Genome Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Hsu CL, Chong SY, Lin CY, Kao CF. Histone dynamics during DNA replication stress. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:48. [PMID: 34144707 PMCID: PMC8214274 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and complete replication of the genome is essential not only for genome stability but also for cell viability. However, cells face constant threats to the replication process, such as spontaneous DNA modifications and DNA lesions from endogenous and external sources. Any obstacle that slows down replication forks or perturbs replication dynamics is generally considered to be a form of replication stress, and the past decade has seen numerous advances in our understanding of how cells respond to and resolve such challenges. Furthermore, recent studies have also uncovered links between defects in replication stress responses and genome instability or various diseases, such as cancer. Because replication stress takes place in the context of chromatin, histone dynamics play key roles in modulating fork progression and replication stress responses. Here, we summarize the current understanding of histone dynamics in replication stress, highlighting recent advances in the characterization of fork-protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shin Yen Chong
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yeh Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fu Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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19
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Hoffmann JS. The Heritability of Replication Problems. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061464. [PMID: 34207969 PMCID: PMC8230577 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenge of DNA replication is to provide daughter cells with intact and fully duplicated genetic material. However, various endogenous or environmental factors can slow down or stall DNA replication forks; these replication problems are known to fuel genomic instability and associated pathology, including cancer progression. Whereas the mechanisms emphasizing the source and the cellular responses of replicative problems have attracted much consideration over the past decade, the propagation through mitosis of genome modification and its heritability in daughter cells when the stress is not strong enough to provoke a checkpoint response in G2/M was much less documented. Some recent studies addressing whether low replication stress could impact the DNA replication program of the next generation of cells made the remarkable discovery that DNA damage can indeed be transmitted to daughter cells and can be processed in the subsequent S-phase, and that the replication timing program at a subset of chromosomal domains can also be impacted in the next generation of cells. Such a progression of replication problems into mitosis and daughter cells may appear counter-intuitive, but it could offer considerable advantages by alerting the next generation of cells of potentially risky loci and offering the possibility of an adaptive mechanism to anticipate a reiteration of problems, notably for cancer cells in the context of resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, CEDEX, 31059 Toulouse, France
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20
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Fan Y, Köberlin MS, Ratnayeke N, Liu C, Deshpande M, Gerhardt J, Meyer T. LRR1-mediated replisome disassembly promotes DNA replication by recycling replisome components. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212186. [PMID: 34037657 PMCID: PMC8160578 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202009147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After two converging DNA replication forks meet, active replisomes are disassembled and unloaded from chromatin. A key process in replisome disassembly is the unloading of CMG helicases (CDC45–MCM–GINS), which is initiated in Caenorhabditis elegans and Xenopus laevis by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL2LRR1. Here, we show that human cells lacking LRR1 fail to unload CMG helicases and accumulate increasing amounts of chromatin-bound replisome components as cells progress through S phase. Markedly, we demonstrate that the failure to disassemble replisomes reduces the rate of DNA replication increasingly throughout S phase by sequestering rate-limiting replisome components on chromatin and blocking their recycling. Continued binding of CMG helicases to chromatin during G2 phase blocks mitosis by activating an ATR-mediated G2/M checkpoint. Finally, we provide evidence that LRR1 is an essential gene for human cell division, suggesting that CRL2LRR1 enzyme activity is required for the proliferation of cancer cells and is thus a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Fan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Marielle S Köberlin
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nalin Ratnayeke
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Chad Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Madhura Deshpande
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jeannine Gerhardt
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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