1
|
Jiang K, Wu J, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhang Y, Gu X, Tang K. Nanoparticles targeting the adenosine pathway for cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5787-5811. [PMID: 38845588 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, as an emerging approach to cancer treatment, has tremendous potential for application. Compared to traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, it has the ability to restore the patient's immune system, leading to long-term immune memory with less damage to normal tissues. However, immunotherapy has its limitations, including limited therapeutic efficacy, restricted patient populations, and inconsistent treatment responses. Finding effective immunotherapeutic approaches has become a key focus of its clinical application. The adenosine pathway is a recently discovered tumor immune regulatory signaling pathway. It can influence the metabolism and growth of tumor cells by acting through key enzymes in the adenosine pathway, thereby affecting the development of tumors. Therefore, inhibiting the adenosine pathway is an effective cancer immunotherapy. Common adenosine pathway inhibitors include small molecules and antibody proteins, and extensive preclinical trials have demonstrated their effectiveness in inhibiting tumor growth. The short half-life, low bioavailability, and single administration route of adenosine pathway inhibitors limit their clinical application. With the advent of nanotechnology, nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors has addressed these issues. Compared to traditional drugs, nano-drugs extend the drug's circulation time and improve its distribution within the body. They also offer targeting capabilities and have low toxic side effects, making them very promising for future applications. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of the adenosine pathway in tumor immune suppression, the clinical applications of adenosine pathway inhibitors, and nano-delivery based on adenosine pathway inhibitors. In the final part of this article, we also briefly discuss the technical issues and challenges currently present in nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors, with the hope of advancing the progress of adenosine inhibitor nano-drugs in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaoya Gu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ehlen QT, Mirsky NA, Slavin BV, Parra M, Nayak VV, Cronstein B, Witek L, Coelho PG. Translational Experimental Basis of Indirect Adenosine Receptor Agonist Stimulation for Bone Regeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6104. [PMID: 38892291 PMCID: PMC11172580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration remains a significant clinical challenge, often necessitating surgical approaches when healing bone defects and fracture nonunions. Within this context, the modulation of adenosine signaling pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic option, encouraging osteoblast activation and tempering osteoclast differentiation. A literature review of the PubMed database with relevant keywords was conducted. The search criteria involved in vitro or in vivo models, with clear methodological descriptions. Only studies that included the use of indirect adenosine agonists, looking at the effects of bone regeneration, were considered relevant according to the eligibility criteria. A total of 29 articles were identified which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and they were reviewed to highlight the preclinical translation of adenosine agonists. While preclinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of adenosine signaling in bone regeneration, its clinical application remains unrealized, underscoring the need for further clinical trials. To date, only large, preclinical animal models using indirect adenosine agonists have been successful in stimulating bone regeneration. The adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) stimulate various pathways, inducing different cellular responses. Specifically, indirect adenosine agonists act to increase the extracellular concentration of adenosine, subsequently agonizing the respective adenosine receptors. The agonism of each receptor is dependent on its expression on the cell surface, the extracellular concentration of adenosine, and its affinity for adenosine. This comprehensive review analyzed the multitude of indirect agonists currently being studied preclinically for bone regeneration, discussing the mechanisms of each agonist, their cellular responses in vitro, and their effects on bone formation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T. Ehlen
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Blaire V. Slavin
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcelo Parra
- Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Comprehensive Adult Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haq F, Park G, Jeon S, Hirokawa M, Jung CK. Utilizing Immunoglobulin G4 Immunohistochemistry for Risk Stratification in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:468-478. [PMID: 38766717 PMCID: PMC11220220 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2024.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is suspected to correlate with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) development. While some HT cases exhibit histologic features of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease, the relationship of HT with PTC progression remains unestablished. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 426 adult patients with PTC (≥1 cm) undergoing thyroidectomy at an academic thyroid center. HT was identified based on its typical histologic features. IgG4 and IgG immunohistochemistry were performed. Wholeslide images of immunostained slides were digitalized. Positive plasma cells per 2 mm2 were counted using QuPath and a pre-trained deep learning model. The primary outcome was tumor structural recurrence post-surgery. RESULTS Among the 426 PTC patients, 79 were diagnosed with HT. With a 40% IgG4 positive/IgG plasma cell ratio as the threshold for diagnosing IgG4-related disease, a cutoff value of >150 IgG4 positive plasma cells per 2 mm2 was established. According to this criterion, 53% (43/79) of HT patients were classified as IgG4-related. The IgG4-related HT subgroup presented a more advanced cancer stage than the IgG4-non-related HT group (P=0.038). The median observation period was 109 months (range, 6 to 142). Initial assessment revealed 43 recurrence cases. Recurrence-free survival periods showed significant (P=0.023) differences, with patients with IgG4 non-related HT showing the longest period, followed by patients without HT and those with IgG4-related HT. CONCLUSION This study effectively stratified recurrence risk in PTC patients based on HT status and IgG4-related subtypes. These findings may contribute to better-informed treatment decisions and patient care strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faridul Haq
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sora Jeon
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coban B, Wang Z, Liao CY, Beslmüller K, Timmermans MA, Martens JW, Hundscheid JH, Slutter B, Zweemer AJ, Neubert E, Danen EH. GRHL2 suppression of NT5E/CD73 in breast cancer cells modulates CD73-mediated adenosine production and T cell recruitment. iScience 2024; 27:109738. [PMID: 38706844 PMCID: PMC11068632 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor tissues often contain high extracellular adenosine, promoting an immunosuppressed environment linked to mesenchymal transition and immune evasion. Here, we show that loss of the epithelial transcription factor, GRHL2, triggers NT5E/CD73 ecto-enzyme expression, augmenting the conversion of AMP to adenosine. GRHL2 binds an intronic NT5E sequence and is negatively correlated with NT5E/CD73 in breast cancer cell lines and patients. Remarkably, the increased adenosine levels triggered by GRHL2 depletion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells do not suppress but mildly increase CD8 T cell recruitment, a response mimicked by a stable adenosine analog but prevented by CD73 inhibition. Indeed, NT5E expression shows a positive rather than negative association with CD8 T cell infiltration in breast cancer patients. These findings reveal a GRHL2-regulated immune modulation mechanism in breast cancers and show that extracellular adenosine, besides its established role as a suppressor of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is associated with enhanced T cell recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bircan Coban
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zi Wang
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of clinical laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen-yi Liao
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Klara Beslmüller
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke A.M. Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John W.M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bram Slutter
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annelien J.M. Zweemer
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elsa Neubert
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H.J. Danen
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vedovatto S, Oliveira FD, Pereira LC, Scheffel TB, Beckenkamp LR, Bertoni APS, Wink MR, Lenz G. CD73 mitigates ZEB1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:145. [PMID: 38388432 PMCID: PMC10882796 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZEB1, a core transcription factor involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is associated with aggressive cancer cell behavior, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis across various tumor types. Similarly, the expression and activity of CD73, an ectonucleotidase implicated in adenosine generation, is an important marker of tumor malignancy. Growing evidence suggests that EMT and the adenosinergic pathway are intricately linked and play a pivotal role in cancer development. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the correlations between CD73 and ZEB1, considering their impact on tumor progression. METHODS We employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to silence CD73 expression in cell lines derived from papillary thyroid carcinoma. These same cells underwent lentiviral transduction of a reporter of ZEB1 non-coding RNA regulation. We conducted studies on cell migration using scratch assays and analyses of cellular speed and polarity. Additionally, we examined ZEB1 reporter expression through flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, complemented by Western blot analysis for protein quantification. For further insights, we applied gene signatures representing different EMT states in an RNA-seq expression analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Silencing CD73 expression led to a reduction in ZEB1 non-coding RNA regulation reporter expression in a papillary thyroid carcinoma-derived cell line. Additionally, it also mitigated ZEB1 protein expression. Moreover, the expression of CD73 and ZEB1 was correlated with alterations in cell morphology characteristics crucial for cell migration, promoting an increase in cell polarity index and cell migration speed. RNA-seq analysis revealed higher expression of NT5E (CD73) in samples with BRAF mutations, accompanied by a prevalence of partial-EMT/hybrid state signature expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest an association between CD73 expression and/or activity and the post-transcriptional regulation of ZEB1 by non-coding RNA, indicating a reduction in its absence. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the relationship between CD73 and ZEB1, with the potential for targeting them as therapeutic alternatives for cancer treatment in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samlai Vedovatto
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43431, sala 107, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dittrich Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43431, sala 107, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Cherobini Pereira
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43431, sala 107, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Becker Scheffel
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43431, sala 107, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liziane Raquel Beckenkamp
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43431, sala 107, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bach N, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Fiedler W, Brauneck F. The Clinical Significance of CD73 in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11759. [PMID: 37511518 PMCID: PMC10380759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new and effective treatment targets for cancer immunotherapy is an ongoing challenge. Alongside the more established inhibitory immune checkpoints, a novel potential target is CD73. As one of the key enzymes in the purinergic signalling pathway CD73 is responsible for the generation of immune suppressive adenosine. The expression of CD73 is higher in tumours than in the corresponding healthy tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. CD73, mainly by the production of adenosine, is critical in the suppression of an adequate anti-tumour immune response, but also in promoting cancer cell proliferation, tumour growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The upregulation of CD73 and generation of adenosine by tumour or tumour-associated immune cells is a common resistance mechanism to many cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, the inhibition of CD73 represents a new and promising approach to increase therapy efficacy. Several CD73 inhibitors have already been developed and successfully demonstrated anti-cancer activity in preclinical studies. Currently, clinical studies evaluate CD73 inhibitors in different therapy combinations and tumour entities. The initial results suggest that inhibiting CD73 could be an effective option to augment anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the rationale behind the CD73 inhibition in different treatment combinations and the role of CD73 as a prognostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bach
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bertoni APS, Valandro C, Brasil RÁ, Zeiser FA, Wink MR, Furlanetto TW, da Costa CA. NT5E DNA methylation in papillary thyroid cancer: Novel opportunities for precision oncology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 570:111915. [PMID: 37059175 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The ectoenzyme CD73, encoded by the NT5E gene, has emerged as a potential prognostic and therapeutic marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which has increased in incidence in recent decades. Here, from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) database, we extracted and combined clinical features, levels of NT5E mRNA, and DNA methylation of PTC samples and performed multivariate and random forest analyses to evaluate the prognostic relevance and the potential of discriminating between adjacent non-malignant and thyroid tumor samples. As a result, we revealed that lower levels of methylation at the cg23172664 site were independently associated with BRAF-like phenotype (p = 0.002), age over 55 years (p = 0.012), presence of capsule invasion (p = 0.007) and presence of positive lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p = 0.04). The methylation levels of cg27297263 and cg23172664 sites showed significant and inversely correlations with levels of NT5E mRNA expression (r = -0.528 and r = -0.660, respectively), and their combination was able to discriminate between adjacent non-malignant and tumor samples with a precision of 96%-97% and 84%-85%, respectively. These data suggest that combining cg23172664 and cg27297263 sites may bring new insights to reveal new subsets of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Software Innovation Laboratory - SOFTWARELAB, Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Valandro
- Software Innovation Laboratory - SOFTWARELAB, Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ávila Brasil
- Software Innovation Laboratory - SOFTWARELAB, Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Felipe André Zeiser
- Software Innovation Laboratory - SOFTWARELAB, Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Software Innovation Laboratory - SOFTWARELAB, Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Tania Weber Furlanetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano André da Costa
- Software Innovation Laboratory - SOFTWARELAB, Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kowash RR, Akbay EA. Tumor intrinsic and extrinsic functions of CD73 and the adenosine pathway in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130358. [PMID: 37033953 PMCID: PMC10079876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine pathway is an exciting new target in the field of cancer immunotherapy. CD73 is the main producer of extracellular adenosine. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has one of the highest CD73 expression signatures among all cancer types and the presence of common oncogenic drivers of NSCLC, such as mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS, correlate with increased CD73 expression. Current immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies only benefit a subset of patients, and it has proved challenging to understand which patients might respond even with the current understanding of predictive biomarkers. The adenosine pathway is well known to disrupt cytotoxic function of T cells, which is currently the main target of most clinical agents. Data thus far suggests that combining ICB therapies already in the clinic with adenosine pathway inhibitors provides promise for the treatment of lung cancer. However, antigen loss or lack of good antigens limits efficacy of ICB; simultaneous activation of other cytotoxic immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells can be explored in these tumors. Clinical trials harnessing both T and NK cell activating treatments are still in their early stages with results expected in the coming years. In this review we provide an overview of new literature on the adenosine pathway and specifically CD73. CD73 is thought of mainly for its role as an immune modulator, however recent studies have demonstrated the tumor cell intrinsic properties of CD73 are potentially as important as its role in immune suppression. We also highlight the current understanding of this pathway in lung cancer, outline ongoing studies examining therapies in combination with adenosine pathway targeting, and discuss future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kowash
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Esra A. Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Purinergic signaling in thyroid disease. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:221-227. [PMID: 35347568 PMCID: PMC9984614 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that thyroid hormones play pivotal roles in a wide variety of pathological and physiological events. Thyroid diseases, mainly including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer, are highly prevalent worldwide health problems and frequently associated with severe clinical manifestations. However, etiology of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer is not fully understood. Purinergic signaling accounts for a complex network of receptors and extracellular enzymes responsible for the recognition and degradation of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine. It has been established that purinergic signaling modulates pathways in a wide range of physiopathological conditions including hypertension, diabetes, hepatic diseases, psychiatric and neurodegeneration, rheumatic immune diseases, and cancer. More recently, the purinergic system is found to exist in thyroid gland and play an important role in the pathophysiology of thyroid diseases. Therefore, throughout this review, we focus on elaborating the changes in purinergic receptors, extracellular enzymes, and extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer. Profound understanding of the relationship between the purinergic signaling with thyroid diseases provides a promising research area for insights into the molecular basis of thyroid diseases and also develops new and exciting insights into the treatment of thyroid diseases, especially thyroid cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Xie P, Li P, Du Y, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Wu C, Shi Y, Huang Z, Wang X, Liu D, Liu W. CD73/NT5E is a Potential Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy for Multiple Types of Cancers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200263. [PMID: 36480312 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of Differentiations 73 (CD73)/ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) is a novel type of immune molecular marker expressed on many tumor cells and involved in regulating the essential immune functions and affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. However, it is not clear how the NT5E is linked to the infiltration levels of the immune cells in pan-cancer patients and their final prognosis. This study explores the role of NT5E in 33 tumor types using GEPIA, TIMER, Oncomine, BioGPS databases, and several bioinformatic tools. The findings reveal that the NT5E is abnormally expressed in a majority of the types of cancers and can be used for determining the prognosis prediction ability of different cancers. Moreover, NT5E is significantly related to the infiltration status of numerous immune cells, immune-activated pathways, and immunoregulator expressions. Last, specific inhibitor molecules, like NORNICOTINE, AS-703026, and FOSTAMATINIB, which inhibit the expression of NT5E in various types of cancers, are screened with the CMap. Thus, it is proposed that NT5E can be utilized as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients and determining the infiltration of various immune cells in different types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Li
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuheng Du
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yudong Yuan
- Department of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yantao Shi
- Department of Technology, Swanshine (Tianjin) Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd, Anime East Road, Airport Economic Zone, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Industrial Biosystems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiqi Road Airport Economic Zone, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weishuai Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Su D, Wei Y, Liu S, Gao S, Tian H, Wei W. Effect of GATAD1 regulating the SRRM2 gene on recurrence of thyroid tumor and its molecular mechanism. Gland Surg 2022; 11:1897-1907. [PMID: 36654960 PMCID: PMC9841002 DOI: 10.21037/gs-22-666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Thyroid blood vessels and nerves are rich, and their anatomical and physiological structures are complex. Surgery often fails to eradicate the tumor, which has a serious negative impact on the surgical outcomes and patient prognosis. Therefore, it is important to accurately predict the recurrence rate of thyroid cancer. Methods Based on bioinformatics analysis, the highly expressed transcription factors and differential genes in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) were obtained. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the clinical effects of GATAD1 as well as SRRM2 on the recurrence of THCA patients. The effect of GATAD1 on SRRM2 expression was explored using cell experiments. Other experiments were conducted to reveal the interaction between SRRM2 and GATAD1 and their functions in THCA progression, such as cell proliferation and cell cycle. Results GATAD1 was overexpressed in recurrent THCA tissue compared with that in adjacent normal tissue. GATAD1 and SRRM2 were identified as the key risk factors for THCA recurrence as well as survival. Knockdown of GATAD1 and SRRM2 can inhibit THCA cell proliferation and arrest THCA cells in the G1 phase. Inhibiting GATAD1 decreased SRRM2 expression in THCA cells, whereas overexpressing GATAD1 had the opposite result. SRRM2 knockdown eliminated GATAD1-induced proliferation of THCA cells in vitro, indicating that GATAD1-induced THCA cell proliferation was dependent on increased SRRM2 expression. Conclusions We identified GATAD1 as an underlying diagnostic biomarker in THCA recurrence patients. The GATAD1-SRRM2 axis mediates human THCA recurrence progression and is an underlying target for THCA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingquan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Dewang Su
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yaqing Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, City Center Hospital of Jiamusi City, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shengyu Gao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiwei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Liu L, Zhou P, Luo X, Liu HQ, Yang H. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Hemostasis markers associated with tumors have been widely studied. However, the associations between the coagulation factors and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) prognosis remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate these associations.
Patients and methods
PTC patients treated at Shengjing Hospital between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into three groups. Clinical, ultrasound, and pathological patient characteristics were recorded. The blood routine, coagulation factors, and thyroid function data were compared.
Results
A total of 50 patients were selected and divided into Group 1 [complicated with second primary malignancies (SPMs)], Group 2 (with postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis), and Group 3 (control group). The ages of patients in Group 2 were significantly higher than those in the control group. The neutrophil ratio (%) in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Groups 2 and 3, while its lymphocyte ratio (%) was significantly lower. The coagulation factor activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in the first and second groups was statistically significantly lower than that in the control group. There were no statistical differences in APTT between the first and second groups. Shorter APTT was associated with SPM and postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis.
Conclusions
Coagulation indicators, especially APTT, may be a new biomarker for predicting PTC prognosis and may provide a new molecular target, especially in combination with SPM and postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Wang
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
- Ultrasound Department, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , 110004, Liaoning Province , China
| | - Luying Liu
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Ultrasound Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center , No. 1 Jinniu Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen City , Shenzhen 518118 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Hua Yang
- Ultrasound Department, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , 110004, Liaoning Province , China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Qiu Q, Lian N, Wang H, Zheng Q, Yang Y, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Li P, Lin J, Lu J, Chen Q, Cao L, Lin M, Huang C, Xie J. An immunosuppressive scoring system to predict recurrence and assist in decision regarding postoperative adjuvant treatment in gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2050-2067. [PMID: 35693074 PMCID: PMC9185630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the immune microenvironment is the main cause of tumor recurrence after surgery in patients with gastric cancer (GC). In this study, immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate immunosuppressive indicators and immune biomarkers in 825 patients with gastric cancer from three centers. We constructed an immunosuppressive recurrence score (IRS) using LASSO Cox regression based on the expression of six immunosuppressive indicators and found that the IRS and IRS-based nomogram were significantly accurate and reliable in predicting recurrence. Moreover, an elevated IRS was associated with locoregional recurrence and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy failure. Furthermore, an increase in IRS indicated inhibition of the antitumor effect of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the invasive margin. Thus, we propose that the IRS can predict the recurrence outcome of patients with GC by distinguishing the immunosuppressive status, which is helpful in the selection of individualized adjuvant treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingzhu Qiu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ningzi Lian
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huagen Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaoling Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai UniversityXining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianxian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiyue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Longlong Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of EducationFuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
NT5E gene and CD38 protein as potential prognostic biomarkers for childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:211-222. [PMID: 35235138 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk stratification of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is based on clinical and biological factors. However, B-ALL has significant biological and clinical heterogeneity and 50% of B-ALL patients do not have defined prognostic markers. In this sense, the identification of new prognostic biomarkers is necessary. Considering different cohorts of childhood B-ALL patients, gene (DPP4/CD38/ENTPD1/NT5E) and protein (CD38/CD39/CD73) expressions of ectonucleotidases were analyzed in silico and ex vivo and the association with prognosis was established. In univariate analyses, expression of NT5E was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) in bone marrow (BM) samples. In multivariate analyses, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and log-rank test, higher NT5E expression predicted unfavorable PFS in BM samples. Considering minimal residual disease (MRD), higher levels of cellularity were associated with the high NT5E expression at day 8 of induction therapy. In addition, we observed that white blood cells (WBC) of childhood B-ALL patients had more CD38 compared to the same cell population of healthy donors (HD). In fact, MRD > 0.1% patients had higher CD38 protein expression on WBC in comparison to HD. Noteworthy, we observed higher CD38 expression on WBC than blasts in MRD > 0.1% patients. We suggest that NT5E gene and CD38 protein expression, of the ectonucleotidases family, could provide interesting prognostic biomarkers for childhood B-ALL.
Collapse
|
15
|
Emerging Biomarkers in Thyroid Practice and Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010204. [PMID: 35008368 PMCID: PMC8744846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor biomarkers are molecules at genetic or protein level, or certain evaluable characteristics. These help in perfecting patient management. Over the past decade, advanced and more sensitive techniques have led to the identification of many new biomarkers in the field of oncology. A knowledge of the recent developments is essential for their application to clinical practice, and furthering research. This review provides a comprehensive account of such various markers identified in thyroid carcinoma, the most common endocrine malignancy. While some of these have been brought into use in routine patient management, others are novel and need more research before clinical application. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Recent developments in molecular biological techniques have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of thyroid neoplasms. This has culminated in the updating of thyroid tumor classification, including the re-categorization of existing and introduction of new entities. In this review, we discuss various molecular biomarkers possessing diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and therapeutic roles in thyroid cancer. A comprehensive account of epigenetic dysregulation, including DNA methylation, the function of various microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, germline mutations determining familial occurrence of medullary and non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, and single nucleotide polymorphisms predisposed to thyroid tumorigenesis has been provided. In addition to novel immunohistochemical markers, including those for neuroendocrine differentiation, and next-generation immunohistochemistry (BRAF V600E, RAS, TRK, and ALK), the relevance of well-established markers, such as Ki-67, in current clinical practice has also been discussed. A tumor microenvironment (PD-L1, CD markers) and its influence in predicting responses to immunotherapy in thyroid cancer and the expanding arena of techniques, including liquid biopsy based on circulating nucleic acids and plasma-derived exosomes as a non-invasive technique for patient management, are also summarized.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhai X, Chen K, Yang H, Li B, Zhou T, Wang H, Zhou H, Chen S, Zhou X, Wei X, Bai Y, Li M. Extracellular vesicles derived from CD73 modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation after spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:274. [PMID: 34496892 PMCID: PMC8425042 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an inflammatory condition, and excessive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released into the extracellular space, which can be catabolized into adenosine by CD73. Extracellular vesicles have been designed as nano drug carriers in many diseases. However, their impacts on delivery of CD73 after SCI are not yet known. We aimed to construct CD73 modified extracellular vesicles and explore the anti-inflammatory effects after SCI. METHODS CD73 engineered extracellular vesicles (CD73+ hucMSC-EVs) were firstly established, which were derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) transduced by lentiviral vectors to upregulate the expression of CD73. Effects of CD73+ hucMSC-EVs on hydrolyzing ATP into adenosine were detected. The polarization of M2/M1 was verified by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, A2aR and A2bR inhibitors and A2bR knockdown cells were used to investigate the activated adenosine receptor. Biomarkers of microglia and levels of cAMP/PKA were also detected. Repetitively in vivo study, morphology staining, flow cytometry, cytokine analysis, and ELISA assay, were also applied for verifications. RESULTS CD73+ hucMSC-EVs reduced concentration of ATP and promoted the level of adenosine. In vitro experiments, CD73+ hucMSC-EVs increased macrophages/microglia M2:M1 polarization, activated adenosine 2b receptor (A2bR), and then promoted cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. In mice using model of thoracic spinal cord contusion injury, CD73+ hucMSC-EVs improved the functional recovery after SCI through decreasing the content of ATP in cerebrospinal fluid and improving the polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. Thus, the cascaded pro-inflammatory cytokines were downregulated, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while the anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated, such as IL-10 and IL-4. CONCLUSIONS CD73+ hucMSC-EVs ameliorated inflammation after spinal cord injury by reducing extracellular ATP, promoting A2bR/cAMP/PKA pathway and M2/M1 polarization. CD73+ hucMSC-EVs might be promising nano drugs for clinical application in SCI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tianjunke Zhou
- Basic Medicine College, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haojue Wang
- Basic Medicine College, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huipeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaozhao Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yushu Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang YY, Li JJ, Sun JX, Wei JX, Ding C, Shi CL, Wu G, Li K, Ma YF, Sun Y, Qiao H. Genome-wide scanning for CHD1L gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2536-2547. [PMID: 34245428 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most common subtype of thyroid cancer (TC). This study was set out to explore the potential effect of CHD1L on PTC and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We searched for T2DM susceptibility genes through the GWAS database and obtained T2DM-related differentially expressed gene from the GEO database. The expression and clinical data of TC and normal samples were collated from the TCGA database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was subsequently applied to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the CHD1L for the diagnosis of PTC. The MCP-counter package in R language was then utilized to generate immune cell score to evaluate the relationship between CHD1L expression and immune cells. Then, we performed functional enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes and DEGs to determine significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG to predict the potential functions of CHD1L in PTC samples and T2DM adipose tissue. RESULTS From two genes (ABCB9, CHD1L) were identified to be DEGs (p < 1 * 10-5) that exerted effects on survival (HR > 1, p < 0.05) in PTC and served as T2DM susceptibility genes. The gene expression matrix-based scoring of immunocytes suggested that PTC samples with high and low CHD1L expression presented with significant differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The enrichment analysis of CHD1L co-expressed genes and DEGs suggested that CHD1L was involved in multiple pathways to regulate the development of PTC. Among them, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, salmonella infection and TNF signaling pathways were highlighted as the three most relevant pathways. GSEA analysis, employed to analyze the genome dataset of PTC samples and T2DM adipose tissue presenting with high and low expression groups of CHD1L, suggests that these differential genes are related to chemokine signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration and TCELL receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CHD1L may potentially serve as an early diagnostic biomarker for PTC, and a target of immunotherapy for PTC and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J X Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J X Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - C Ding
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - C L Shi
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - G Wu
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - K Li
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Ma
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Sun
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - H Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Monteiro I, Missiaglia E, Sciarra A, Santos JV, Bouilly J, Romero P, Sempoux C, de Leval L. CD73 expression in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid: a systematic evaluation revealing CD73 overexpression as a feature of papillary carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:209-214. [PMID: 34019179 PMCID: PMC8298324 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD73 converts AMP to adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite that promotes tumorigenesis. This study presents a systematic evaluation of CD73 expression in benign, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid. CD73 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 142 thyroid samples. CD73 was expressed in normal thyroid (3/6) and goiter (5/6), with an apical pattern and mild intensity. Apical and mild CD73 expression was also present in oncocytic cell adenomas/carcinomas (9/10; 5/8) and in follicular adenomas/carcinomas (12/18; 23/27). In contrast, papillary thyroid carcinomas featured extensive and intense CD73 staining (49/50) (vs. normal thyroid/goiter, p < 0.001). Seven of nine anaplastic carcinomas were CD73-positive with heterogeneous extensiveness of staining. Medullary and poorly differentiated carcinomas were mostly CD73-negative (1/6; 2/2). These results were corroborated by NT5E mRNA profiling. Papillary carcinomas feature enhanced CD73 protein and mRNA expression with distinct and intense staining, more pronounced in the invasive fronts of the tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Monteiro
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Missiaglia
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Sciarra
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - João Vasco Santos
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
- Public Health Unit, ACES Grande Porto VIII - Espinho/Gaia, ARS Norte, Espinho, Portugal
| | - Justine Bouilly
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang H, Yao F, Davis PF, Tan ST, Hall SRR. CD73, Tumor Plasticity and Immune Evasion in Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020177. [PMID: 33430239 PMCID: PMC7825701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors are ecosystems composed of cancer cells and non-tumor stroma together in a hypoxic environment often described as wounds that do not heal. Accumulating data suggest that solid tumors hijack cellular plasticity possibly to evade detection by the immune system. CD73-mediated generation of the purine nucleoside adenosine, is an important biochemical constituent of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, the association between CD73 expression and features associated with cellular plasticity involving stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis together with immune infiltration is summarized for a wide range of solid tumor types. Our analyses demonstrate that CD73 correlates with signatures associated with cellular plasticity in solid tumors. In addition, there are strong associations between CD73 expression and type of infiltrating lymphocytes. Collectively, the observations suggest a biomarker-based stratification to identify CD73-adenosinergic rich tumors may help identify patients with solid cancers who will respond to a combinatorial strategy that includes targeting CD73. Abstract Regulatory networks controlling cellular plasticity, important during early development, can re-emerge after tissue injury and premalignant transformation. One such regulatory molecule is the cell surface ectoenzyme ecto-5′-nucleotidase that hydrolyzes the conversion of extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine (eADO). Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E) or cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73), is an enzyme that is encoded by NT5E in humans. In normal tissue, CD73-mediated generation of eADO has important pleiotropic functions ranging from the promotion of cell growth and survival, to potent immunosuppression mediated through purinergic G protein-coupled adenosine receptors. Importantly, tumors also utilize several mechanisms mediated by CD73 to resist therapeutics and in particular, evade the host immune system, leading to undesired resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Tumor cell CD73 upregulation is associated with worse clinical outcomes in a variety of cancers. Emerging evidence indicates a link between tumor cell stemness with a limited host anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we provide an overview of a growing body of evidence supporting the pro-tumorigenic role of CD73 and adenosine signaling. We also discuss data that support a link between CD73 expression and tumor plasticity, contributing to dissemination as well as treatment resistance. Collectively, targeting CD73 may represent a novel treatment approach for solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
- Correspondence: or (H.Y.); (S.R.R.H.); Tel.: +86-(0)-22200000 (H.Y.); +64-(0)-42820366 (S.R.R.H.)
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Paul F. Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (P.F.D.); (S.T.T.)
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (P.F.D.); (S.T.T.)
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sean R. R. Hall
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (P.F.D.); (S.T.T.)
- Correspondence: or (H.Y.); (S.R.R.H.); Tel.: +86-(0)-22200000 (H.Y.); +64-(0)-42820366 (S.R.R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|