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Kim E, Fortoul MC, Weimer D, Meggyesy M, Demory Beckler M. Co-occurrence of glioma and multiple sclerosis: Prevailing theories and emerging therapies. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:105027. [PMID: 37801959 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Though the concurrence of primary brain tumors and multiple sclerosis (MS) is exceedingly rare, instances have been noted in the literature as early as 1949. Given these observations, researchers have proposed various ideas as to how these malignancies may be linked to MS. Due to insufficient data, none have gained traction or been widely accepted amongst neurologists or neuro-oncologists. What is abundantly clear, however, is the mounting uncertainty faced by clinicians when caring for these individuals. Concerns persist about the potential for disease modifying therapies (DMTs) to initiate or promote tumor growth and progression, and to date, there are no approved treatments capable of mitigating both MS disease activity and tumor growth, let alone established guidelines that clinicians may refer to. Collectively, these gaps in the literature impose limitations to optimizing the care and management of this population. As such, our hope is to stimulate further discussion of this topic and prompt future investigations to explore novel treatment options and advance our understanding of these concurrent disease processes. To this end, the chief objective of this article is to evaluate proposed ideas of how the diseases may be linked, outline emerging therapies for both MS and brain tumors, and describe evidence-based approaches to diagnosing and treating this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Kim
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States
| | - Marla C Fortoul
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States
| | - Derek Weimer
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States
| | - Michael Meggyesy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States.
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2
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Yuan R, Zhang W, You Y, Cui G, Gao Z, Wang X, Chen J. Vitamin D3 suppresses the cholesterol homeostasis pathway in patient-derived glioma cell lines. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1789-1806. [PMID: 37489660 PMCID: PMC10476568 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors. Vitamin D, primarily its hormonally active form calcitriol, has been reported to have anti-cancer activity. In the present study, we used patient-derived glioma cell lines to examine the effect of vitamin D3 and calcitriol on glioblastoma. Surprisingly, vitamin D3 showed a more significant inhibitory effect than calcitriol on cell viability and proliferation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates most of the cellular effects of vitamin D, and thus we examined the expression level and function of VDR via gene silencing and gene knockout experiments. We observed that VDR does not affect the sensitivity of patient-derived glioma cell lines to vitamin D3, and the gene encoding VDR is not essential for growth of patient-derived glioma cell lines. RNA sequencing data analysis and sterolomics analysis revealed that vitamin D3 inhibits cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis by inhibiting the expression level of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which leads to the accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and other sterol intermediates. In conclusion, our results suggest that vitamin D3, rather than calcitriol, inhibits growth of patient-derived glioma cell lines via inhibition of the cholesterol homeostasis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Medical NeurobiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Ping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical SciencesNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Medical NeurobiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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3
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Fiorani F, Domenis R, Dalla E, Cataldi S, Conte C, Mandarano M, Sidoni A, Cifù A, Beccari T, Mirarchi A, Arcuri C, Curcio F, Albi E. Ceramide releases exosomes with a specific miRNA signature for cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10993. [PMID: 37419964 PMCID: PMC10329022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are well established effectors of cell-cell communication. Their role on maturation of embryonic cells located in hippocampus, seat of memory, is unknown. Here we show that ceramide facilitates release of exosomes from HN9.10e cells extending information for cell differentiation to neighboring cells. We found only 38 miRNAs differentially expressed in exosomes derived from ceramide-treated cells in comparison with control cells (including 10 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated). Some overexpressed miRNAs (mmu-let-7f-1-3p, mmu-let-7a-1-3p, mmu-let-7b-3p, mmu-let-7b-5p, mmu-miR-330-3p) regulate genes encoding for protein involved in biological, homeostatic, biosynthetic and small molecule metabolic processes, embryo development and cell differentiation, all phenomena relevant for HN9.10e cell differentiation. Notably, the overexpressed mmu-let-7b-5p miRNA appears to be important for our study based on its ability to regulate thirty-five gene targets involved in many processes including sphingolipid metabolism, sphingolipid-related stimulation of cellular functions and neuronal development. Furthermore, we showed that by incubating embryonic cells with exosomes released under ceramide treatment, some cells acquired an astrocytic phenotype and others a neuronal phenotype. We anticipate our study to be a start point for innovative therapeutic strategies to regulate the release of exosomes useful to stimulate delayed brain development in the newborn and to improve the cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fiorani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Domenis
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Mandarano
- Division of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Division of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Cifù
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mirarchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
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Tao X, Wu X, Zhou P, Yu X, Zhao C, Peng X, Zhang K, Shen L, Peng J, Yang L. UBE2T promotes glioblastoma malignancy through ubiquitination-mediated degradation of RPL6. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:521-532. [PMID: 36156329 PMCID: PMC9899609 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive malignant glioma. Due to patients' poor prognosis, it is of great clinical significance to determine new targets that may improve GBM treatment. In the present study, we showed that ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) was significantly overexpressed in GBM and could promote proliferation, invasion, and inhibit apoptosis of GBM cells. Mechanistically, UBE2T functioned as the Ub enzyme of ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) and induced the ubiquitination and degradation of RPL6 in an E3 ligase-independent manner through direct modification by K48-linked polyubiquitination, thus contributing to the malignant progression of GBM cells. Furthermore, inhibiting the expression of RPL6 by UBE2T could not only reduce the expression of wild-type p53, but also enhance the gain-of-function of mutant p53. Moreover, knockdown of UBE2T in LN229 cells obviously suppressed tumor growth in LN229 xenograft mouse models. Collectively, our study demonstrated that UBE2T promotes GBM malignancy through ubiquitination-mediated degradation of RPL6 regardless of the p53 mutation status. It will provide new candidates for molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical application in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiu Tao
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xia Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of PathologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuehui Yu
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xingzhi Peng
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of PathologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of PathologyXiangya Changde HospitalChangdeChina
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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5
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Abdul Rashid K, Ibrahim K, Wong JHD, Mohd Ramli N. Lipid Alterations in Glioma: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121280. [PMID: 36557318 PMCID: PMC9783089 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly lethal tumours characterised by heterogeneous molecular features, producing various metabolic phenotypes leading to therapeutic resistance. Lipid metabolism reprogramming is predominant and has contributed to the metabolic plasticity in glioma. This systematic review aims to discover lipids alteration and their biological roles in glioma and the identification of potential lipids biomarker. This systematic review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Extensive research articles search for the last 10 years, from 2011 to 2021, were conducted using four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and ScienceDirect. A total of 158 research articles were included in this study. All studies reported significant lipid alteration between glioma and control groups, impacting glioma cell growth, proliferation, drug resistance, patients' survival and metastasis. Different lipids demonstrated different biological roles, either beneficial or detrimental effects on glioma. Notably, prostaglandin (PGE2), triacylglycerol (TG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingosine-1-phosphate play significant roles in glioma development. Conversely, the most prominent anti-carcinogenic lipids include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and vitamin D3 have been reported to have detrimental effects on glioma cells. Furthermore, high lipid signals were detected at 0.9 and 1.3 ppm in high-grade glioma relative to low-grade glioma. This evidence shows that lipid metabolisms were significantly dysregulated in glioma. Concurrent with this knowledge, the discovery of specific lipid classes altered in glioma will accelerate the development of potential lipid biomarkers and enhance future glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Abdul Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Mohd Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-379673238
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6
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Biomarkers Regulated by Lipid-Soluble Vitamins in Glioblastoma. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142873. [PMID: 35889829 PMCID: PMC9322598 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly lethal form of adult malignant gliomas with little clinical advancement, raises the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Lipid-soluble vitamins have gained attention in malignant brain tumors owing to their pleiotropic properties and their anti-cancer potential have been reported in a number of human GBM cell lines. The aim of this paper is to systematically review and describe the roles of various biomarkers regulated by lipid-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, in the pathophysiology of GBM. Briefly, research articles published between 2005 and 2021 were systematically searched and selected from five databases (Scopus, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE via Ovid, and Web of Science) based on the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, a number of hand-searched research articles identified from Google Scholar were also included for the analysis. A total of 40 differentially expressed biomarkers were identified from the 19 eligible studies. The results from the analysis suggest that retinoids activate cell differentiation and suppress the biomarkers responsible for stemness in human GBM cells. Vitamin D appears to preferentially modulate several cell cycle biomarkers, while vitamin E derivatives seem to predominantly modulate biomarkers related to apoptosis. However, vitamin K1 did not appear to induce any significant changes to the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling or apoptotic pathways in human GBM cell lines. From the systematic analysis, 12 biomarkers were identified that may be of interest for further studies, as these were modulated by one or two of these lipid-soluble vitamins.
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Lo CSC, Kiang KMY, Leung GKK. Anti-tumor effects of vitamin D in glioblastoma: mechanism and therapeutic implications. J Transl Med 2022; 102:118-125. [PMID: 34504307 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults among which glioblastoma is the most malignant and lethal subtype. Its common resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics calls for the development of alternative or concomitant treatment. Taking advantage of its endocrine function as a neurosteroid, vitamin D has become a target of interest to be used in conjunction with different chemotherapies. In this article, we review the mechanisms through which vitamin D and its analogs induce anti-tumor activity in glioblastoma, and the practical issues relevant to their potential application based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Vitamin D has largely been reported to promote cell cycle arrest and induce cell death to suppress tumor growth in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma cells treated with vitamin D have also shown reduced migratory and invasive phenotypes, and reduced stemness. It is worth noting that vitamin D analogs are able to produce similar inhibitory actions without causing adverse effects such as hypercalcemia in vivo. Upregulation of vitamin D receptors by vitamin D and its analogs may also play a role in enhancing its anti-tumor activity. Based on current findings and taking into consideration its potential cancer-protective effects, the clinical application of vitamin D in glioblastoma treatment and prevention will be discussed. With some study findings subject to controversy, further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanism of action of vitamin D and to evaluate relevant issues regarding its treatment efficacy and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sze-Ching Lo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karrie Mei-Yee Kiang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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8
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The Effect of Vitamin D3 and Silver Nanoparticles on HaCaT Cell Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031410. [PMID: 35163332 PMCID: PMC8835820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3, known to regulate bone homeostasis, has recently been shown to have many pleiotropic effects in different tissues and organs due to the presence of its receptor in a wide range of cells. Our previous study demonstrated that vitamin D3 was able to increase the wound healing respect to the control sample, 24 h after cutting, without however leading to a complete repair. The aim of the study was to combine vitamin D3 with silver nanoparticles to possibly enable a faster reparative effect. The results showed that this association was capable of inducing a complete wound healing only after 18 h. Moreover, a treatment of vitamin D3 + silver nanoparticles yielded a small percentage of keratinocytes vimentin-positive, suggesting the possibility that the treatment was responsible for epithelial to mesenchymal transition of the cells, facilitating wound healing repair. Since vitamin D3 acts via sphingolipid metabolism, we studied the expression of gene encoding for the metabolic enzymes and protein level. We found an increase in neutral sphingomyelinase without involvement of neutral ceramidase or sphingosine kinase2. In support, an increase in ceramide level was identified by Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, suggesting a possible involvement of ceramides in wound healing process.
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Cholesterol and Sphingolipid Enriched Lipid Rafts as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020726. [PMID: 33450869 PMCID: PMC7828315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are critical cell membrane lipid platforms enriched in sphingolipid and cholesterol content involved in diverse cellular processes. They have been proposed to influence membrane properties and to accommodate receptors within themselves by facilitating their interaction with ligands. Over the past decade, technical advances have improved our understanding of lipid rafts as bioactive structures. In this review, we will cover the more recent findings about cholesterol, sphingolipids and lipid rafts located in cellular and nuclear membranes in cancer. Collectively, the data provide insights on the role of lipid rafts as biomolecular targets in cancer with good perspectives for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Kucukhuseyin O, Cakiris A, Hakan MT, Horozoglu C, Tuzun E, Yaylim I. Impact of calcitriol and an AKT inhibitor, AT7867, on survival of rat C6 glioma cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1912641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kucukhuseyin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aris Cakiris
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tolgahan Hakan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Horozoglu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Yaylim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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