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Erb HHH, Polishchuk N, Stasyk O, Kahya U, Weigel MM, Dubrovska A. Glutamine Metabolism and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2871. [PMID: 39199642 PMCID: PMC11352381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the development and progression of several malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). While Gln is non-essential for non-malignant prostate epithelial cells, PCa cells become highly dependent on an exogenous source of Gln. The Gln metabolism in PCa is tightly controlled by well-described oncogenes such as MYC, AR, and mTOR. These oncogenes contribute to therapy resistance and progression to the aggressive castration-resistant PCa. Inhibition of Gln catabolism impedes PCa growth, survival, and tumor-initiating potential while sensitizing the cells to radiotherapy. Therefore, given its significant role in tumor growth, targeting Gln metabolism is a promising approach for developing new therapeutic strategies. Ongoing clinical trials evaluate the safety and efficacy of Gln catabolism inhibitors in combination with conventional and targeted therapies in patients with various solid tumors, including PCa. Further understanding of how PCa cells metabolically interact with their microenvironment will facilitate the clinical translation of Gln inhibitors and help improve therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on the role of Gln in PCa progression and therapy resistance and provides insights into current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Nikita Polishchuk
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine; (N.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Oleh Stasyk
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine; (N.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Uğur Kahya
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (U.K.); (M.M.W.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias M. Weigel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (U.K.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (U.K.); (M.M.W.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Thongpon P, Intuyod K, Chomwong S, Pongking T, Klungsaeng S, Muisuk K, Charoenram N, Sitthirach C, Thanan R, Pinlaor P, Pinlaor S. Curcumin synergistically enhances the efficacy of gemcitabine against gemcitabine-resistant cholangiocarcinoma via the targeting LAT2/glutamine pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16059. [PMID: 38992159 PMCID: PMC11239878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is often diagnosed late, leading to incomplete tumor removal, drug resistance and reduced chemotherapy efficacy. Curcumin has the potential for anti-cancer activity through various therapeutic properties and can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. We aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of a combination of curcumin and gemcitabine against CCA, targeting the LAT2/glutamine pathway. This combination synergistically suppressed proliferation in gemcitabine-resistant CCA cells (KKU-213BGemR). It also resulted in a remarkable degree of CCA cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, characterized by a high proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Knockdown of SLC7A8 decreased the expressions of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase, resulting in inhibited cell proliferation and sensitized CCA cells to gemcitabine treatment. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that a combination curcumin and gemcitabine significantly reduced tumor size, tumor growth rate and LAT2 expression in a gemcitabine-resistant CCA xenograft mouse model. Suppression of tumor progression in an orthotopic CCA hamster model provided strong support for clinical application. In conclusion, curcumin synergistically enhances gemcitabine efficacy against gemcitabine-resistant CCA by induction of apoptosis, partly via inhibiting LAT2/glutamine pathway. This approach may be an alternative strategy for the treatment of gemcitabine-resistant in CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phonpilas Thongpon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chomwong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thatsanapong Pongking
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirinapha Klungsaeng
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanha Muisuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Naruechar Charoenram
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sitthirach
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Chen M, Wang G, Xu Z, Sun J, Liu B, Chang L, Gu J, Ruan Y, Gao X, Song S. Loss of RACK1 promotes glutamine addiction via activating AKT/mTOR/ASCT2 axis to facilitate tumor growth in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:113-128. [PMID: 37578594 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is closely related to the development of gastric cancer (GC), which remains as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. As a tumor suppressor for GC, whether receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) play a modulatory role in metabolic reprogramming remains largely unclear. METHODS GC cell lines and cell-derived xenograft mouse model were used to identify the biological function of RACK1. Flow cytometry and Seahorse assays were applied to examine cell cycle and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and autophagy double fluorescent assays were utilized to explore the signaling. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 and other indicators in tissue sections. RESULTS Loss of RACK1 facilitated the viability, colony formation, cell cycle progression and OCR of GC cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that RACK1 knockdown inhibited the lysosomal degradation of Alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2). Mechanistically, depletion of RACK1 remarkably decreased PTEN expression through up-regulating miR-146b-5p, leading to the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which dampened autophagy flux subsequently. Moreover, knockdown of ASCT2 could reverse the promotive effect of RACK1 depletion on GC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Tissue microarray confirmed that RACK1 was negatively correlated with the expression of ASCT2 and p62, as well as the phosphorylation of mTOR. CONCLUSION Together, our results demonstrate that the suppressive function of RACK1 in GC is associated with ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism, and imply that targeting RACK1/ASCT2 axis provides potential strategies for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Qin H, Liu C, Li C, Feng C, Bo Huang. Advances in bi-directional relationships for EZH2 and oxidative stress. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113876. [PMID: 38070859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2) has emerged as a vital repressive complex in overall cell fate determination. In mammals, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EHZ2), which is the core component of PRC2, has also been recognized as an important regulator of inflammatory, redox, tumorigenesis and damage repair signalling networks. To exert these effects, EZH2 must regulate target genes epigenetically or interact directly with other gene expression-regulating factors, such as LncRNAs and microRNAs. Our review provides a comprehensive summary of research advances, discoveries and trends regarding the regulatory mechanisms between EZH2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). First, we outline novel findings about how EZH2 regulates the generation of ROS at the molecular level. Then, we summarize how oxidative stress controls EHZ2 alteration (upregulation, downregulation, or phosphorylation) via various molecules and signalling pathways. Finally, we address why EZH2 and oxidative stress have an undefined relationship and provide potential future research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
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Xia P, Dubrovska A. CD98 heavy chain as a prognostic biomarker and target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251100. [PMID: 37823053 PMCID: PMC10562705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLC3A2 gene encodes for a cell-surface transmembrane protein CD98hc (4F2). CD98hc serves as a chaperone for LAT1 (SLC7A5), LAT2 (SLC7A8), y+LAT1 (SLC7A7), y+LAT2 (SLC7A6), xCT (SLC7A11) and Asc1 (SLC7A10) providing their recruitment to the plasma membrane. Together with the light subunits, it constitutes heterodimeric transmembrane amino acid transporters. CD98hc interacts with other surface molecules, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147 (EMMPRIN) and adhesion receptors integrins, and regulates glucose uptake. In this way, CD98hc connects the signaling pathways sustaining cell proliferation and migration, biosynthesis and antioxidant defense, energy production, and stem cell properties. This multifaceted role makes CD98hc one of the critical regulators of tumor growth, therapy resistance, and metastases. Indeed, the high expression levels of CD98hc were confirmed in various tumor tissues, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, colon adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and others. A high expression of CD98hc has been linked to clinical prognosis and response to chemo- and radiotherapy in several types of cancer. In this mini-review, we discuss the physiological functions of CD98hc, its role in regulating tumor stemness, metastases, and therapy resistance, and the clinical significance of CD98hc as a tumor marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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Wünsch AC, Ries E, Heinzelmann S, Frabschka A, Wagner PC, Rauch T, Koderer C, El-Mesery M, Volland JM, Kübler AC, Hartmann S, Seher A. Metabolic Silencing via Methionine-Based Amino Acid Restriction in Head and Neck Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4557-4573. [PMID: 37367038 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various forms of caloric restriction (CR) and amino acid or protein restriction (AAR or PR) have shown not only success in preventing age-associated diseases, such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but also potential for cancer therapy. These strategies not only reprogram metabolism to low-energy metabolism (LEM), which is disadvantageous for neoplastic cells, but also significantly inhibit proliferation. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common tumour types, with over 600,000 new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. With a 5-year survival rate of approximately 55%, the poor prognosis has not improved despite extensive research and new adjuvant therapies. Therefore, for the first time, we analysed the potential of methionine restriction (MetR) in selected HNSCC cell lines. We investigated the influence of MetR on cell proliferation and vitality, the compensation for MetR by homocysteine, the gene regulation of different amino acid transporters, and the influence of cisplatin on cell proliferation in different HNSCC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Wünsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Heinzelmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Frabschka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Christoph Wagner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Rauch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Koderer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Julian Manuel Volland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Christian Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Jin J, Byun JK, Choi YK, Park KG. Targeting glutamine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:706-715. [PMID: 37009798 PMCID: PMC10167356 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cancer cells rely largely on glutamine for survival and proliferation. Glutamine serves as a carbon source for the synthesis of lipids and metabolites via the TCA cycle, as well as a source of nitrogen for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis. To date, many studies have explored the role of glutamine metabolism in cancer, thereby providing a scientific rationale for targeting glutamine metabolism for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the mechanism(s) involved at each step of glutamine metabolism, from glutamine transporters to redox homeostasis, and highlight areas that can be exploited for clinical cancer treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms underlying cancer cell resistance to agents that target glutamine metabolism, as well as strategies for overcoming these mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the effects of glutamine blockade on the tumor microenvironment and explore strategies to maximize the utility of glutamine blockers as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Byun
- BK21 FOUR Community-based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Korea.
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
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Liang H, He X, Tong Y, Bai N, Pu Y, Han K, Wang Y. Ferroptosis open a new door for colorectal cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1059520. [PMID: 37007121 PMCID: PMC10061081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality malignant tumor in the world. The etiology and pathogenesis of CRC are complex. Due to the long course of the disease and no obvious early symptoms, most patients are diagnosed as middle and late stages. CRC is prone to metastasis, most commonly liver metastasis, which is one of the leading causes of death in CRC patients. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered cell death form with iron dependence, which is driven by excessive lipid peroxides on the cell membrane. It is different from other form of programmed cell death in morphology and mechanism, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. Numerous studies have shown that ferroptosis may play an important role in the development of CRC. For advanced or metastatic CRC, ferroptosis promises to open a new door in the setting of poor response to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. This mini review focuses on the pathogenesis of CRC, the mechanism of ferroptosis and the research status of ferroptosis in CRC treatment. The potential association between ferroptosis and CRC and some challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitong Tong
- Chengdu Second People’s Hospital Party Committee Office, Chengdu, China
| | - Niuniu Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yushu Pu
- Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sicuhan, China
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Association of High LAT1 Expression with Poor Prognosis and Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Oxaliplatin-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032604. [PMID: 36768934 PMCID: PMC9916902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is often activated in several cancers. We focused on two mTOR regulatory mechanisms: oxaliplatin-induced mTOR signaling and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-induced mTOR activation. High LAT1 expression in several cancers is associated with mTOR activation and resistance to chemotherapy. However, the significance of LAT1 has not yet been elucidated in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine the significance of membrane LAT1 expression in 98 CRC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, including oxaliplatin. In vitro analysis was performed using CRC cell lines to determine the effects of LAT1 suppression on proliferation, oxaliplatin sensitivity, and mTOR signaling. LAT1 expression was associated with cancer aggressiveness and poor prognosis in 98 CRC patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. We found that positive LAT1 expression correlated with shorter survival in 43 patients treated with the capecitabine-plus-oxaliplatin (CAPOX) regimen. LAT1 suppression in CRC cells inhibited the proliferation potency and oxaliplatin-induced activation of mTOR signaling, and improved oxaliplatin sensitivity. LAT1 evaluation before adjuvant treatment may therefore be a sensitive marker for oxaliplatin-based regimens. Moreover, LAT1 may be a promising target for patients with refractory CRC.
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Identification of Prognostic Fatty Acid Metabolism lncRNAs and Potential Molecular Targeting Drugs in Uveal Melanoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3726351. [PMID: 36267302 PMCID: PMC9578887 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3726351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify prognostic fatty acid metabolism lncRNAs and potential molecular targeting drugs in uveal melanoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods In the present study, we obtained the expression matrix of 309 FAM-mRNAs and identified 225 FAM-lncRNAs by coexpression network analysis. We then performed univariate Cox analysis, LASSO regression analysis, and cross-validation and finally obtained an optimized UVM prognosis prediction model composed of four PFAM-lncRNAs (AC104129.1, SOS1-IT1, IDI2-AS1, and DLGAP1-AS2). Results The survival curves showed that the survival time of UVM patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group in the train cohort, test cohort, and all patients in the prognostic prediction model (P < 0.05). We further performed risk prognostic assessment, and the results showed that the risk scores of the high-risk group in the train cohort, test cohort, and all patients were significantly higher than those of the low-risk group (P < 0.05), patient survival decreased and the number of deaths increased with increasing risk scores, and AC104129.1, SOS1-IT1, and DLGAP1-AS2 were high-risk PFAM-lncRNAs, while IDI2-AS1 were low-risk PFAM-lncRNAs. Afterwards, we further verified the accuracy and the prognostic value of our model in predicting prognosis by PCA analysis and ROC curves. Conclusion We identified 24 potential molecularly targeted drugs with significant sensitivity differences between high- and low-risk UVM patients, of which 13 may be potential targeted drugs for high-risk patients. Our findings have important implications for early prediction and early clinical intervention in high-risk UVM patients.
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Shegay PV, Zabolotneva AA, Shatova OP, Shestopalov AV, Kaprin AD. Evolutionary View on Lactate-Dependent Mechanisms of Maintaining Cancer Cell Stemness and Reprimitivization. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194552. [PMID: 36230479 PMCID: PMC9559641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lactic acid (lactate) in cell metabolism has been significantly revised in recent decades. Initially, lactic acid was attributed to the role of a toxic end-product of metabolism, with its accumulation in the cell and extracellular space leading to acidosis, muscle pain, and other adverse effects. However, it has now become obvious that lactate is not only a universal fuel molecule and the main substrate for gluconeogenesis but also one of the most ancient metabolites, with a signaling function that has a wide range of regulatory activity. The Warburg effect, described 100 years ago (the intensification of glycolysis associated with high lactate production), which is characteristic of many malignant tumors, confirms the key role of lactate not only in physiological conditions but also in pathologies. The study of lactate’s role in the malignant transformation becomes more relevant in the light of the “atavistic theory of carcinogenesis,” which suggests that tumor cells return to a more primitive hereditary phenotype during microevolution. In this review, we attempt to summarize the accumulated knowledge about the functions of lactate in cell metabolism and its role in the process of carcinogenesis and to consider the possible evolutionary significance of the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr V. Shegay
- Federal State Budget Institution National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky pas., 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Zabolotneva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, st. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga P. Shatova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, st. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, RUDN University, st. Miklukho-Maklaya, 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V. Shestopalov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, st. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, st. Samora Mashela, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei D. Kaprin
- Federal State Budget Institution National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky pas., 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, RUDN University, st. Miklukho-Maklaya, 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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HSF1 Stimulates Glutamine Transport by Super-Enhancer-Driven lncRNA LINC00857 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163855. [PMID: 36010849 PMCID: PMC9406190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Based on the latest research, cancer cells prefer glutamine to glucose. Therefore, it is more worthwhile to explore the regulatory mechanism of glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. Super enhancers are critical for the gene transcriptional programs responsible for cell fate by interacting with various transcription factors. The transcription factor HSF1 exerts a multifaced role in tumorigenesis. However, the relevance of HSF1 to super enhancers in tumors remains obscure. Therefore, this study focused on the mechanism underlying super-enhancer activation and its relationship to HSF1 in CRC. Here, we performed a super-enhancer landscape in CRC and we screened out an HSF1-mediated super enhancer, lncRNA-LINC00857, by lncRNA microarray. We discovered that HSF1 could stimulate acetyltransferase P300-mediated super-enhancer activity to facilitate LINC00857 expression, contributing to SLC1A5/ASCT2-mediated glutamine transport. In addition, we validated that targeting the HSF1/LINC00857/ANXA11 axis may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy against CRC. Abstract Super enhancers are critical for the gene transcription responsible for cell fate by interacting with transcription factors. However, the relevance of HSF1 to super enhancers in tumors remains obscure. We profiled H3K27ac enrichment by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. HSF1-mediated lncRNAs were identified by lncRNA microarray. The characteristics of LINC00857 were explored by in vitro and in vivo assays. The mechanism was studied via chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and HSF1/ANXA11 knockout mice. We found that super enhancers occupied multiple gene loci in colorectal cancer. We screened out an HSF1-mediated super enhancer, lncRNA-LINC00857, which exerts its characteristics in promoting cell growth via regulating glutamine metabolism. Notably, HSF1 could stimulate the super-enhancer activity of LINC00857 by the enrichment of acetyltransferase P300 to its gene loci, contributing to LINC00857 transcription. In turn, nuclear LINC00857 cooperated with HSF1 to promote ANXA11 transcription, which modulated SLC1A5/ASCT2 protein expression by binding competitively to miR-122-5p. The knockout of ANXA11 attenuated colorectal cancer formation in vivo. Collectively, we shed light on a closely cooperative machinery between HSF1 and super enhancers. HSF1 could stimulate acetyltransferase P300-mediated super-enhancer activity to facilitate LINC00857 expression, contributing to SLC1A5-mediated glutamine transport. Targeting the HSF1/LINC00857/ANXA11 axis may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy against colorectal cancer.
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SLC6A14 Depletion Contributes to Amino Acid Starvation to Suppress EMT-Induced Metastasis in Gastric Cancer by Perturbing the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7850658. [PMID: 35865664 PMCID: PMC9296317 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7850658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main obstacle for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), leading to low survival rate and adverse outcomes in CG patients. SLC6A14, a general amino acid transporter, can import all the essential amino acids in a manner dependent on the NaCl-generated osmotic gradients. Herein, we constructed GC cell sublines with high (SGC7901-M and MKN28-M) and low (MKN28-NM and SGC7901-NM) metastatic ability. Putative functional genes advancing GC metastasis were identified using mRNA microarray analysis and High-Content Screening. In particular, most significant change with a dampening trend in the migration potentiality of GC cells emerged after SLC6A14 gene was silenced. SLC6A14 expression was positively correlated with the migrated capability of different GC cell lines, and SLC6A14 was also constitutively expressed in GC patients with venous or lymphatic invasion, lymph node, or distant metastasis and poor prognosis, thus prompting SLC6A14 as a nonnegligible presence in supporting GC migration and invasion. Consistently, SLC6A14 depletion drastically depressed GC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, pharmacological blockade and gene silence of SLC6A14 both restricted epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) driven GC metastasis, in which attenuated activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway caused by amino acid starvation was involved. In summary, it is conceivable that targeting SLC6A14 has a tremendous promising for the treatment of metastatic GC.
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14
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Köseer AS, Loureiro LR, Jureczek J, Mitwasi N, González Soto KE, Aepler J, Bartsch T, Feldmann A, Kunz-Schughart LA, Linge A, Krause M, Bachmann M, Arndt C, Dubrovska A. Validation of CD98hc as a Therapeutic Target for a Combination of Radiation and Immunotherapies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1677. [PMID: 35406454 PMCID: PMC8997111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage and show heterogeneous treatment responses. Low SLC3A2 (solute carrier family 3 member 2) mRNA and protein (CD98hc) expression levels are associated with higher locoregional control in HNSCC patients treated with primary radiochemotherapy or postoperative radiochemotherapy, suggesting that CD98hc could be a target for HNSCC radiosensitization. One of the targeted strategies for tumor radiosensitization is precision immunotherapy, e.g., the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. This study aimed to define the potential clinical value of new treatment approaches combining conventional radiotherapy with CD98hc-targeted immunotherapy. To address this question, we analyzed the antitumor activity of the combination of fractionated irradiation and switchable universal CAR (UniCAR) system against radioresistant HNSCC cells in 3D culture. CD98hc-redirected UniCAR T cells showed the ability to destroy radioresistant HNSCC spheroids. Also, the infiltration rate of the UniCAR T cells was enhanced in the presence of the CD98hc target module. Furthermore, sequential treatment with fractionated irradiation followed by CD98hc-redirected UniCAR T treatment showed a synergistic effect. Taken together, our obtained data underline the improved antitumor effect of the combination of radiotherapy with CD98hc-targeted immunotherapy. Such a combination presents an attractive approach for the treatment of high-risk HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Sedef Köseer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Liliana R. Loureiro
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Justyna Jureczek
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicola Mitwasi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Karla Elizabeth González Soto
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Julia Aepler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Tabea Bartsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Anja Feldmann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (J.J.); (N.M.); (K.E.G.S.); (J.A.); (T.B.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.K.); (L.R.L.); (A.F.); (L.A.K.-S.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Targeting metabolism to overcome cancer drug resistance: A promising therapeutic strategy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 61:100822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Structural basis for substrate specificity of heteromeric transporters of neutral amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2113573118. [PMID: 34848541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113573118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having similar structures, each member of the heteromeric amino acid transporter (HAT) family shows exquisite preference for the exchange of certain amino acids. Substrate specificity determines the physiological function of each HAT and their role in human diseases. However, HAT transport preference for some amino acids over others is not yet fully understood. Using cryo-electron microscopy of apo human LAT2/CD98hc and a multidisciplinary approach, we elucidate key molecular determinants governing neutral amino acid specificity in HATs. A few residues in the substrate-binding pocket determine substrate preference. Here, we describe mutations that interconvert the substrate profiles of LAT2/CD98hc, LAT1/CD98hc, and Asc1/CD98hc. In addition, a region far from the substrate-binding pocket critically influences the conformation of the substrate-binding site and substrate preference. This region accumulates mutations that alter substrate specificity and cause hearing loss and cataracts. Here, we uncover molecular mechanisms governing substrate specificity within the HAT family of neutral amino acid transporters and provide the structural bases for mutations in LAT2/CD98hc that alter substrate specificity and that are associated with several pathologies.
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Beyond the Double-Strand Breaks: The Role of DNA Repair Proteins in Cancer Stem-Cell Regulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194818. [PMID: 34638302 PMCID: PMC8508278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumor cell population maintaining tumor growth and promoting tumor relapse if not wholly eradicated during treatment. CSCs are often equipped with molecular mechanisms making them resistant to conventional anti-cancer therapies whose curative potential depends on DNA damage-induced cell death. An elevated expression of some key DNA repair proteins is one of such defense mechanisms. However, new research reveals that the role of critical DNA repair proteins is extending far beyond the DNA repair mechanisms. This review discusses the diverse biological functions of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and the adaptation to replication and oxidative stress, anti-cancer immune response, epigenetic reprogramming, and intracellular signaling mechanisms. It also provides an overview of their potential therapeutic targeting. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are pluripotent and highly tumorigenic cells that can re-populate a tumor and cause relapses even after initially successful therapy. As with tissue stem cells, CSCs possess enhanced DNA repair mechanisms. An active DNA damage response alleviates the increased oxidative and replicative stress and leads to therapy resistance. On the other hand, mutations in DNA repair genes cause genomic instability, therefore driving tumor evolution and developing highly aggressive CSC phenotypes. However, the role of DNA repair proteins in CSCs extends beyond the level of DNA damage. In recent years, more and more studies have reported the unexpected role of DNA repair proteins in the regulation of transcription, CSC signaling pathways, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, DNA damage signaling plays an essential role in the immune response towards tumor cells. Due to its high importance for the CSC phenotype and treatment resistance, the DNA damage response is a promising target for individualized therapies. Furthermore, understanding the dependence of CSC on DNA repair pathways can be therapeutically exploited to induce synthetic lethality and sensitize CSCs to anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the different roles of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Mukha A, Kahya U, Linge A, Chen O, Löck S, Lukiyanchuk V, Richter S, Alves TC, Peitzsch M, Telychko V, Skvortsov S, Negro G, Aschenbrenner B, Skvortsova II, Mirtschink P, Lohaus F, Hölscher T, Neubauer H, Rivandi M, Labitzky V, Lange T, Franken A, Behrens B, Stoecklein NH, Toma M, Sommer U, Zschaeck S, Rehm M, Eisenhofer G, Schwager C, Abdollahi A, Groeben C, Kunz-Schughart LA, Baretton GB, Baumann M, Krause M, Peitzsch C, Dubrovska A. GLS-driven glutamine catabolism contributes to prostate cancer radiosensitivity by regulating the redox state, stemness and ATG5-mediated autophagy. Theranostics 2021; 11:7844-7868. [PMID: 34335968 PMCID: PMC8315064 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the curative treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa). The curative potential of radiotherapy is mediated by irradiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in tumor cells. However, PCa radiocurability can be impeded by tumor resistance mechanisms and normal tissue toxicity. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the major hallmarks of tumor progression and therapy resistance. Specific metabolic features of PCa might serve as therapeutic targets for tumor radiosensitization and as biomarkers for identifying the patients most likely to respond to radiotherapy. The study aimed to characterize a potential role of glutaminase (GLS)-driven glutamine catabolism as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for PCa radiosensitization. Methods: We analyzed primary cell cultures and radioresistant (RR) derivatives of the conventional PCa cell lines by gene expression and metabolic assays to identify the molecular traits associated with radiation resistance. Relative radiosensitivity of the cell lines and primary cell cultures were analyzed by 2-D and 3-D clonogenic analyses. Targeting of glutamine (Gln) metabolism was achieved by Gln starvation, gene knockdown, and chemical inhibition. Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and autophagy was assessed by gene expression, western blotting, and fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were analyzed by fluorescence and luminescence probes, respectively. Cancer stem cell (CSC) properties were investigated by sphere-forming assay, CSC marker analysis, and in vivo limiting dilution assays. Single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from the blood of PCa patients were analyzed by array comparative genome hybridization. Expression levels of the GLS1 and MYC gene in tumor tissues and amino acid concentrations in blood plasma were correlated to a progression-free survival in PCa patients. Results: Here, we found that radioresistant PCa cells and prostate CSCs have a high glutamine demand. GLS-driven catabolism of glutamine serves not only for energy production but also for the maintenance of the redox state. Consequently, glutamine depletion or inhibition of critical regulators of glutamine utilization, such as GLS and the transcription factor MYC results in PCa radiosensitization. On the contrary, we found that a combination of glutamine metabolism inhibitors with irradiation does not cause toxic effects on nonmalignant prostate cells. Glutamine catabolism contributes to the maintenance of CSCs through regulation of the alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent chromatin-modifying dioxygenase. The lack of glutamine results in the inhibition of CSCs with a high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, decreases the frequency of the CSC populations in vivo and reduces tumor formation in xenograft mouse models. Moreover, this study shows that activation of the ATG5-mediated autophagy in response to a lack of glutamine is a tumor survival strategy to withstand radiation-mediated cell damage. In combination with autophagy inhibition, the blockade of glutamine metabolism might be a promising strategy for PCa radiosensitization. High blood levels of glutamine in PCa patients significantly correlate with a shorter prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time. Furthermore, high expression of critical regulators of glutamine metabolism, GLS1 and MYC, is significantly associated with a decreased progression-free survival in PCa patients treated with radiotherapy. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that GLS-driven glutaminolysis is a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PCa radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mukha
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
| | - Uğur Kahya
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleg Chen
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasyl Lukiyanchuk
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Department for Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Telychko
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giulia Negro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bertram Aschenbrenner
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hölscher
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mahdi Rivandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Labitzky
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bianca Behrens
- General, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- General, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zschaeck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rehm
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Schwager
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christer Groeben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany
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