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Wang M, Lan S, Zhang W, Jin Q, Du H, Sun X, He L, Meng X, Su L, Liu G. Anti-Cancer Potency of Copper-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Against Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1985-2004. [PMID: 38435754 PMCID: PMC10908338 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The anti-cancer potency of copper-doped carbon quantum dots (Cu-CDs) against breast cancer progression needs more detailed investigations. Methods With urea and ethylene glycol applied as carbon sources and copper sulfate used as a reactive dopant, Cu-CDs were synthesized in the current study by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method, followed by the characterization and biocompatibility evaluations of Cu-CDs. Subsequently, the anti-cancer potency of Cu-CDs against breast cancer progression was confirmed by these biochemical, molecular, and transcriptomic assessments, including viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, redox homeostasis, and transcriptomic assays of MDA-MB-231 cells. Results The biocompatibility of Cu-CDs was confirmed based on the non-significant changes in the pathological and physiological parameters in the Cu-CDs treated mice, as well as the noncytotoxic effect of Cu-CDs on normal cells. Moreover, the Cu-CDs treatments not only decreased the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells but also induced the redox imbalance, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunctions and regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion Our findings confirmed the biosafety and excellent anti-cancer potency of Cu-CDs against breast cancer progression by tapping into mechanisms that disrupt malignant behaviors and oxidative homeostasis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Du
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liya Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
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Wang J, Fu H, Zhong Z, Jiang Y, Pan H, Sun X, Xu W, Tang X, Zhou W, Wang S. Local and systemic therapy may be safely de-escalated in elderly breast cancer patients in China: A retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:958116. [PMID: 35965508 PMCID: PMC9371841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.958116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For elderly patients with breast cancer, the treatment strategy is still controversial. In China, preoperative axillary lymph node needle biopsy is not widely used, resulting in many patients receiving axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) directly. Our study aims to determine whether local and systemic therapy can be safely de-escalated in elderly breast cancer. Methods Patients aged ≥70 years were retrospectively enrolled from our institution’s medical records between May 2013 and July 2021. Groups were assigned according to local and systemic treatment regimens, and stratified analysis was performed by molecular subtypes. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were used to compare the effects of different regimens on relapse-free survival (RFS). Results A total of 653 patients were enrolled for preliminary data analysis, and 563 patients were screened for survival analysis. The mean follow-up was 19 months (range, 1–82 months). Axillary lymph node metastases were pathologically confirmed in only 2.1% of cN0 cases and up to 97.1% of cN+ cases. In the aspect of breast surgery, RFS showed no significant difference between mastectomy and BCS group (p = 0.3078). As for axillary surgery, patients in the ALND group showed significantly better RFS than those in the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) group among pN0 patients (p = 0.0128). Among these cases, the proportion of cN+ in ALND was significantly higher than that in SLNB (6.4% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.002), which meant axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) of ALND patients were larger in imaging and more likely to be misdiagnosed as metastatic. With regard to adjuvant therapy, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that RFS in different comprehensive adjuvant regimens were similar especially among hormone receptor (HR)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)− subgroup where patients who did not receive any adjuvant therapy accounted for 15.7% (p > 0.05). Conclusions It is feasible to reduce some unnecessary local or systemic treatments for elderly breast cancer patients, especially in HR+/HER2− subtype. Multiple patient-related factors should be considered when making treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongtao Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunshan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbin Zhou, ; Shui Wang,
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbin Zhou, ; Shui Wang,
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Kim R, Kin T. Current and Future Therapies for Immunogenic Cell Death and Related Molecules to Potentially Cure Primary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194756. [PMID: 34638242 PMCID: PMC8507525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary How a cure for primary breast cancer after (neo)adjuvant therapy can be achieved at the molecular level remains unclear. Immune activation by anticancer drugs may contribute to the eradication of residual tumor cells by postoperative (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation by memory effector T cells, leading to the curing of primary breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted therapy against damage-associated molecular patterns. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines. Abstract How primary breast cancer can be cured after (neo)adjuvant therapy remains unclear at the molecular level. Immune activation by anticancer agents may contribute to residual tumor cell eradication with postsurgical (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation with memory effector T cells, leading to a primary breast cancer cure. Anthracycline and taxane treatments cause ICD and immunogenic modulations, resulting in the activation of antitumor immunity through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate, calreticulin, high mobility group box 1, heat shock proteins 70/90, and annexin A1. This response may eradicate residual tumor cells after surgical treatment. Although DAMP release is also implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, thereby representing a double-edged sword, robust immune activation by anticancer agents and the subsequent acquisition of long-term antitumor immune memory can be essential components of the primary breast cancer cure. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted anti-DAMP therapy. Our aim was to improve the understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33, Moto-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-8518, Japan;
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Chen Q, Zhou L, Chen F, Hu A, Wang K, Liang H, Dong J. Forkhead box F2 as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in human cancers prone to bone metastasis: a meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211002372. [PMID: 33845605 PMCID: PMC8047092 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of Forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) levels in different types of cancers prone to bone metastasis. METHODS A systematic search of publications listed in electronic databases (The Web of Science, EMBASE®, PubMed®, PMC, Science Direct and CNKI) from inception to 5 November 2020 was conducted. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the relationship between FOXF2 levels and patient prognosis including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Sixteen studies enrolling 8461 participants were included in the meta-analysis. High levels of FOXF2 were a predictor of OS (HR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.51, 0.86) and DFS (HR: 0.60; 95% CI 0.48, 0.76). The trim-and-fill analysis, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses stratified by the study characteristics confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION These current findings indicate that high FOXF2 levels could be an indicator of a good prognosis in cancer patients with tumours that are prone to bone metastasis. FOXF2 levels might be a clinically important prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fancheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Annan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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