1
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Cheng G, Xu J, Wang H, Chen J, Huang L, Qian ZR, Fan Y. mtPCDI: a machine learning-based prognostic model for prostate cancer recurrence. Front Genet 2024; 15:1430565. [PMID: 39296545 PMCID: PMC11408181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1430565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This research seeks to formulate a prognostic model for forecasting prostate cancer recurrence by examining the interaction between mitochondrial function and programmed cell death (PCD). Methods The research involved analyzing four gene expression datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using univariate Cox regression. These analyses identified genes linked with mitochondrial function and PCD that correlate with recurrence prognosis. Various machine learning algorithms were then employed to construct an optimal predictive model. Results A key outcome was the creation of a mitochondrial-related programmed cell death index (mtPCDI), which effectively predicts the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. It was observed that individuals with lower mtPCDI exhibited higher immune activity, correlating with better recurrence outcomes. Conclusion The study demonstrates that mtPCDI can be used for personalized risk assessment and therapeutic decision-making, highlighting its clinical significance and providing insights into the biological processes affecting prostate cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cheng
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junrong Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Honghua Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingzhao Chen
- Beidou Precision Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Huang
- Beidou Precision Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Beidou Precision Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Nazari MHD, Heidarian R, Masoudnia M, Dastjerdi RA, Talkhounche PG, Taleahmad S. Targeting GLI1 and BAX by nanonoscapine could impede prostate adenocarcinoma progression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18977. [PMID: 39152150 PMCID: PMC11329793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer as a critical global health issue, requires the exploration of a novel therapeutic approach. Noscapine, an opium-derived phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid, has shown promise in cancer treatment thanks to its anti-tumorigenic properties. However, limitations such as low bioavailability and potential side effects have hindered its clinical application. This study introduces nanonoscapine as a novel medication to overcome these challenges, leveraging the advantages of improved drug delivery and efficacy achieved in nanotechnology. We monitored the effects of nanonoscapine on the androgen-sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line, LNCaP, investigating its impact on GLI1 and BAX genes' expressions, crucial regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis. Our findings, from MTT assays, flow cytometry, and gene expression analyses, have demonstrated that nanonoscapine effectively inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation by inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, through bioinformatics and computational analyses, we have revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms, underscoring the therapeutic potential of nanonoscapine in enhancing patient outcomes. This study highlights the significance of nanonoscapine as an alternative or adjunct treatment to conventional chemotherapy, warranting further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Derakhshan Nazari
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Heidarian
- Department of Developmental Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Masoudnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Askari Dastjerdi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Ghaedi Talkhounche
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Zhu M, Liu D, Liu G, Zhang M, Pan F. Caspase-Linked Programmed Cell Death in Prostate Cancer: From Apoptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis to PANoptosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1715. [PMID: 38136586 PMCID: PMC10741419 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disease and the cause of one of the highest cancer-related mortalities in men worldwide. Annually, more than 1.2 million new cases are diagnosed globally, accounting for 7% of newly diagnosed cancers in men. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an essential role in removing infected, functionally dispensable, or potentially neoplastic cells. Apoptosis is the canonical form of PCD with no inflammatory responses elicited, and the close relationship between apoptosis and PCa has been well studied. Necroptosis and pyroptosis are two lytic forms of PCD that result in the release of intracellular contents, which induce inflammatory responses. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that necroptosis and pyroptosis are also closely related to the occurrence and progression of PCa. Recently, a novel form of PCD named PANoptosis, which is a combination of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, revealed the attached connection among them and may be a promising target for PCa. Apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis are good examples to better understand the mechanism underlying PCD in PCa. This review aims to summarize the emerging roles and therapeutic potential of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Urology Department of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
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4
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Montico F, Lamas CDA, Rossetto IMU, Baseggio AM, Cagnon VHA. Lobe-specific responses of TRAMP mice dorsolateral prostate following celecoxib and nintedanib therapy. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:379-403. [PMID: 37335420 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Delayed cancer progression in the ventral prostate of the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model has been previously reported upon celecoxib and nintedanib co-administration. Herein, we sought to further investigate the effects of these drugs association in some of their direct molecular targets (COX-2, VEGF and VEGFR-2) and in reactive stroma markers (TGF-β, αSMA, vimentin and pro-collagen 1) in the dorsolateral prostate, looking for lobe-specific responses. Male TRAMP mice were treated with celecoxib (10 mg/Kg, i.o.) and/or nintedanib (15 mg/Kg, i.o.) for 6 weeks and prostate was harvested for morphological and protein expression analyses. Results showed that combined therapy resulted in unique antitumor effects in dorsolateral prostate, especially due to the respective stromal or epithelial antiproliferative actions of these drugs, which altogether led to a complete inversion in high-grade (HGPIN) versus low-grade (LGPIN) premalignant lesion incidences in relation to controls. At the molecular level, this duality in drug action was paralleled by the differential down/upregulation of TGF-β signaling by celecoxib/nintedanib, thus leading to associated changes in stroma composition towards regression or quiescence, respectively. Additionally, combined therapy was able to promote decreased expression of inflammatory (COX-2) and angiogenesis (VEGF/VEGFR-2) mediators. Overall, celecoxib and nintedanib association provided enhanced antitumor effects in TRAMP dorsolateral as compared to former registers in ventral prostate, thus demonstrating lobe-specific responses of this combined chemoprevention approach. Among these responses, we highlight the ability in promoting TGF-β signaling and its associated stromal maturation/stabilization, thus yielding a more quiescent stromal milieu and resulting in greater epithelial proliferation impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil.
| | - Celina de Almeida Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Urra Rossetto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Andressa Mara Baseggio
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
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5
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Urbanek KA, Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Kozieł MJ, Domińska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Revealing the Role of Alternariol in the Local Steroidogenesis in Human Prostate Normal and Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119513. [PMID: 37298472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin alternariol (AOH) can be found in food products infected by Alternaria spp. and is considered an endocrine-disruptive mycotoxin. The main mechanism of AOH toxicity is associated with DNA damage and modulation of the inflammation process. Still, AOH is considered as one of the emerging mycotoxins. In this study, we have evaluated how AOH might affect the local steroidogenesis process in the prostate, in both normal and cancer cells. We have found that AOH itself modulates the cell cycle, inflammation, and apoptosis, rather than the steroidogenesis process in prostate cancer cells; however, in the presence of another steroidogenic agent, the influence on steroidogenesis is significant. Therefore, this is the first study to report the effect of AOH on local steroidogenesis in normal and prostate cancer cells. We postulate that AOH might modulate the release of the steroid hormones and expression of the key components by interfering with the steroidogenic pathway and might be considered a steroidogenesis-altering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Marta Justyna Kozieł
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Medical University of Lodz, BRaIn Laboratories, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Medical University of Lodz, BRaIn Laboratories, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
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6
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Singh S, Rani H, Sharma N, Behl T, Zahoor I, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazm HA, Aleya L. Targeting multifunctional magnetic nanowires for drug delivery in cancer cell death: an emerging paradigm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57219-57235. [PMID: 37010687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, often known as programmed cell death is a mechanism used by numerous species to maintain tissue homeostasis. The process leading to cell death is complicated because it requires the stimulation of caspases. According to several studies, nanowires have important medical benefits, can kill cells by adhering to cancer cells, destroying them, and killing the entire cell using a triple attack that integrates vibration, heat, and drug delivery to trigger apoptosis. The sewage effluents and industrial, fertilizer and organic wastes decomposition can produce elevated levels of chemicals in the environment which may interrupt the cell cycle and activate apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to give a thorough summary of the evidence that is currently available on apoptosis. Current review discussed topics like the morphological and biochemical alterations that occur during apoptosis, as well as the various mechanisms that cause cell death, including the intrinsic (or mitochondrial), extrinsic (or death receptor), and intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum pathway. The apoptosis reduction in cancer development is mediated by (i) an imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, such as members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) family of proteins, tumour protein 53 and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, (ii) a reduction in caspase activity, and (iii) impaired death receptor signalling. This review does an excellent task of outlining the function of nanowires in both apoptosis induction and targeted drug delivery for cancer cells. A comprehensive summary of the relevance of nanowires synthesised for the purpose of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells has been compiled collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hema Rani
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, 141104, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences &Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
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7
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Al-Rabia MW, Alhakamy NA, Rizg WY, Alghaith AF, Ahmed OAA, Fahmy UA. Boosting curcumin activity against human prostatic cancer PC3 cells by utilizing scorpion venom conjugated phytosomes as promising functionalized nanovesicles. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:807-820. [PMID: 35266425 PMCID: PMC8920388 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2048133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Curcumin (CUR) is a well-known phytochemical, and scorpion venom (SV) is a natural peptide with proven anticancer properties. However, these natural bioactive agents are limited by low solubility, low bioavailability, poor thermal stability, and short half-lives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate SV-conjugated CUR phytosomes as promising functionalized nanovesicles and assess their anticancer efficacy in human prostatic cancer PC3 cells. CUR-Phytosome-SV was fabricated using experimental design software in which the zeta potential and particle sizes were used as dependent variables. The anticancer effect of the fabricated formulation was determined by performing a tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin V staining, and examining the expression levels of Bcl-associated X-protein (Bax), p53, caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The particle size of the nanoconjugates was found to be in the range of 137.5 ± 7.9 to 298.4 ± 11.9 nm, and the zeta potential was 2.9 ± 0.1 to 26.9 ± 1.2 mV. The outcome of the MTT assay showed that curcumin-Phospholipon®-scorpion venom (CUR-PL-SV) exhibited a satisfactory level of cytotoxicity, and the IC50 was found to be lower than CUR and PL-SV individually. Cell cycle analysis showed predominantly cell cycle arrest at the G2-M and pre-G1 phases. In contrast, annexin V staining showed significant early and late apoptosis events in addition to increased necrosis when PC3 cells were treated with CUR-PL-SV. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed a reduction in expression of Bax, p53, caspase-3, NF-kB, TNF-α, and an increase in Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, a MMP analysis showed a reduction in mitochondrial permeability and hence confirmed the superior anticancer potential of CUR-PL-SV. Thus, the present study showed significant anticancer potency of SV-conjugated CUR phytosomes against human prostatic cancer PC3 cells, making it a novel treatment approach for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Ali AA, Al-Othman A, Al-Sayah MH. Multifunctional stimuli-responsive hybrid nanogels for cancer therapy: Current status and challenges. J Control Release 2022; 351:476-503. [PMID: 36170926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With cancer research shifting focus to achieving multifunctionality in cancer treatment strategies, hybrid nanogels are making a rapid rise to the spotlight as novel, multifunctional, stimuli-responsive, and biocompatible cancer therapeutic strategies. They can possess cancer cell-specific cytotoxic effects themselves, carry drugs or enzymes that can produce cytotoxic effects, improve imaging modalities, and target tumor cells over normal cells. Hybrid nanogels bring together a wide range of desirable properties for cancer treatment such as stimuli-responsiveness, efficient loading and protection of molecules such as drugs or enzymes, and effective crossing of cellular barriers among other properties. Despite their promising abilities, hybrid nanogels are still far from being used in the clinic, and their available data remains relatively limited. However, many studies can be done to facilitate this clinical transition. This review is critically summarizing and analyzing the recent information and progress on the use of hybrid nanogels particularly inorganic nanoparticle-based and organic nanoparticle-based hybrid nanogels in the field of oncology and future directions to aid in transferring those results to the clinic. This work concludes that the future of hybrid nanogels is greatly impacted by therapeutic and non-therapeutic factors. Therapeutic factors include the lack of hemocompatibility studies, acute and chronic toxicological studies, and information on agglomeration capability and extent, tumor heterogeneity, interaction with proteins in physiological fluids, endocytosis-exocytosis, and toxicity of the nanogels' breakdown products. Non-therapeutic factors include the lack of clear regulatory guidelines and standardized assays, limitations of animal models, and difficulties associated with good manufacture practices (GMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaal Abdulraqeb Ali
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani Al-Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad H Al-Sayah
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Liu B, Liu R, Liu Q, Ashby CR, Zhang H, Chen ZS. The ethnomedicinal and functional uses, phytochemical and pharmacology of compounds from Ardisia species: An updated review. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1888-1929. [PMID: 35670013 DOI: 10.1002/med.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered to be a critical source of novel compounds and pharmacophores. The genus Ardisia, consisting of approximately 500 species, is the largest genus in the Myrsinaceae family. Ardisia species are widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world and have been used for the treatment of cancer, hypertension, irregular menstruation, gonorrhea, diarrhea and postnatal syndromes, among others. Phytochemical studies of Ardisia species have resulted in the isolation and identification of 111 compounds, including triterpenoid saponins, quinones, phenols, coumarins, cyclic depsipepetide and flavonoids. Crude extracts and isolates from Ardisia have been reported to have in vitro and in vivo efficacies, including but not limited to anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic and antidiabetic, antitubercular compounds. This review focuses on the medical and functional uses, phytochemical profile and pharmacological efficacies of Ardisia species over the past 15 years. This review will provide information indicating that Ardisia species represent an invaluable source of potential therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, China
| | - Rongyu Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Qifeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, New York City, New York, USA
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10
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Westaby D, Jimenez-Vacas JM, Padilha A, Varkaris A, Balk SP, de Bono JS, Sharp A. Targeting the Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway: A Window of Opportunity for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:51. [PMID: 35008216 PMCID: PMC8750516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major improvements in the management of advanced prostate cancer over the last 20 years, the disease remains invariably fatal, and new effective therapies are required. The development of novel hormonal agents and taxane chemotherapy has improved outcomes, although primary and acquired resistance remains problematic. Inducing cancer cell death via apoptosis has long been an attractive goal in the treatment of cancer. Apoptosis, a form of regulated cell death, is a highly controlled process, split into two main pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic), and is stimulated by a multitude of factors, including cellular and genotoxic stress. Numerous therapeutic strategies targeting the intrinsic apoptosis pathway are in clinical development, and BH3 mimetics have shown promising efficacy for hematological malignancies. Utilizing these agents for solid malignancies has proved more challenging, though efforts are ongoing. Molecular characterization and the development of predictive biomarkers is likely to be critical for patient selection, by identifying tumors with a vulnerability in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This review provides an up-to-date overview of cell death and apoptosis, specifically focusing on the intrinsic pathway. It summarizes the latest approaches for targeting the intrinsic apoptosis pathway with BH3 mimetics and discusses how these strategies may be leveraged to treat prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Westaby
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (D.W.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.P.) (J.S.d.B.)
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Juan M. Jimenez-Vacas
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (D.W.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.P.) (J.S.d.B.)
| | - Ana Padilha
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (D.W.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.P.) (J.S.d.B.)
| | - Andreas Varkaris
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.V.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.V.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (D.W.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.P.) (J.S.d.B.)
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Adam Sharp
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (D.W.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.P.) (J.S.d.B.)
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SM2 5PT, UK
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11
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Molecular Characteristics of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Its Effects in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094999. [PMID: 34066808 PMCID: PMC8125876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein, and its homologs amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) are highly conserved in mammals. APP and APLP are known to be intimately involved in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease and to play important roles in neuronal homeostasis and development and neural transmission. APP and APLP are also expressed in non-neuronal tissues and are overexpressed in cancer cells. Furthermore, research indicates they are involved in several cancers. In this review, we examine the biological characteristics of APP-related family members and their roles in cancer.
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