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Li Y, Li J, Lu Y, Ma Y. ZnO nanomaterials target mitochondrial apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy pathways in cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3909. [PMID: 38269499 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of engineering nanomaterials has significantly contributed to the development of various biomedical fields. Zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMts) have gained wide popularity due to their biocompatibility, unique physical and chemical properties, stability, and cost-effectiveness for large-scale production. They have emerged as potential materials for anticancer applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the synthesis methods of ZnO NMts and highlights the advantages of combining ZnO NMts with anticancer drugs as a nano platform for cancer treatment. Additionally, the article briefly explains the mechanism of action of ZnO NMts in tumor cells, focusing on the mitochondrial pathways that target cell apoptosis and autophagy. It is observed that these pathways are primarily influenced by reactive oxygen species generated through oxidative stress. The article discusses the promising prospects of ZnO NMts combined with anticancer drugs in the field of cancer medicine and emphasizes the need for further in-depth research on the mitochondrial apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Roh J, Pak HK, Jeong S, Hwang S, Kim DE, Choi HS, Kim SJ, Kim H, Cho H, Park JS, Jeong SH, Choi YS, Han JH, Yoon DH, Park CS. The comprehensive expression of BCL2 family genes determines the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:36-43. [PMID: 37356143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a prevalent and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 40% of patients succumb to death. Despite numerous clinical trials aimed at developing treatment strategies beyond the conventional R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) regimen, there have been no positive results thus far. Although the selective BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has shown remarkable efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, its therapeutic effect in DLBCL was limited. We hypothesized that the limited therapeutic effect of venetoclax in DLBCL may be attributed to the complex expression and interactions of BCL2 family members, including BCL2. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the expression patterns of BCL2 family members in DLBCL. We analyzed 157 patients with de novo DLBCL diagnosed at Asan Medical Center and Ajou University Hospital. The mRNA expression levels of BCL2 family members were quantified using the NanoString technology. BCL2 family members showed distinct heterogeneous expression patterns both intra- and inter-patient. Using unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, we were able to classify patients with similar BCL2 family expression pattern and select groups with clear prognostic features, C1 and C6. In the group with the best prognosis, C1, the expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BH3-only group gene expressions were increased, while anti-apoptotic group expression was significantly increased in both C1 and C6. Based on this, we generated the BCL2 signature score using the expression of pro-apoptotic genes BOK and BCL2L15, and anti-apoptotic gene BCL2. The BCL2 signature score 0 had the best prognosis, score 1/2 had intermediate prognosis, and score 3 had the worst prognosis (EFS, p = 0.0054; OS, p = 0.0011). Multivariate analysis, including COO and IPI, showed that increase in the BCL2 signature score was significantly associated with poor prognosis for EFS, independent of COO and IPI. The BCL2 signature score we proposed in this study provides information on BCL2 family deregulation based on the equilibrium of pro-versus anti-apoptotic BCL2 family, which can aid in the development of new treatment strategies for DLBCL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Roh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Kyung Pak
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongfeel Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sewon Hwang
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Eon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwal-Seok Choi
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Jeong Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Cho
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Lasater EA, Amin DN, Bannerji R, Mali RS, Barrett K, Rys RN, Oeh J, Lin E, Sterne-Weiler T, Ingalla ER, Go M, Yu SF, Krem MM, Arthur C, Hahn U, Johnston A, Karur V, Khan N, Marlton P, Phillips T, Gritti G, Seymour JF, Tani M, Yuen S, Martin S, Chang MT, Rose CM, Pham VC, Polson AG, Chang Y, Wever C, Johnson NA, Jiang Y, Hirata J, Sampath D, Musick L, Flowers CR, Wertz IE. Targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 with polatuzumab vedotin and venetoclax overcomes treatment resistance in R/R non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from preclinical models and a Phase Ib study. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:449-463. [PMID: 36594167 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid neoplasms represents a significant clinical challenge. Here, we identify the pro-survival BCL-2 protein family member MCL-1 as a resistance factor for the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines and primary NHL samples. Mechanistically, we show that the antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin promotes MCL-1 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome system. This targeted MCL-1 antagonism, when combined with venetoclax and the anti-CD20 antibodies obinutuzumab or rituximab, results in tumor regressions in preclinical NHL models, which are sustained even off-treatment. In a Phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02611323) of heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed or refractory NHL, 25/33 (76%) patients with follicular lymphoma and 5/17 (29%) patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma achieved complete or partial responses with an acceptable safety profile when treated with the recommended Phase II dose of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with venetoclax and an anti-CD20 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Lasater
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dhara N Amin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajat Bannerji
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raghuveer Singh Mali
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathy Barrett
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryan N Rys
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Oeh
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eva Lin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tim Sterne-Weiler
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ellen Rei Ingalla
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maxwell M Krem
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chris Arthur
- Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uwe Hahn
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (TQEH), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Johnston
- Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vinit Karur
- Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Nadia Khan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paula Marlton
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tycel Phillips
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gritti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - John F Seymour
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica Tani
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Sam Yuen
- Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Martin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - YiMeng Chang
- Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Wever
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jamie Hirata
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Musick
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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4
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Fooks K, Galicia-Vazquez G, Gife V, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Nouhi Z, Poon WWL, Luo V, Rys RN, Aloyz R, Orthwein A, Johnson NA, Hulea L, Mercier FE. EIF4A inhibition targets bioenergetic homeostasis in AML MOLM-14 cells in vitro and in vivo and synergizes with cytarabine and venetoclax. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:340. [PMID: 36482393 PMCID: PMC9733142 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological cancer resulting from uncontrolled proliferation of differentiation-blocked myeloid cells. Seventy percent of AML patients are currently not cured with available treatments, highlighting the need of novel therapeutic strategies. A promising target in AML is the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Clinical inhibition of mTORC1 is limited by its reactivation through compensatory and regulatory feedback loops. Here, we explored a strategy to curtail these drawbacks through inhibition of an important effector of the mTORC1signaling pathway, the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). METHODS We tested the anti-leukemic effect of a potent and specific eIF4A inhibitor (eIF4Ai), CR-1-31-B, in combination with cytosine arabinoside (araC) or the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. We utilized the MOLM-14 human AML cell line to model chemoresistant disease both in vitro and in vivo. In eIF4Ai-treated cells, we assessed for changes in survival, apoptotic priming, de novo protein synthesis, targeted intracellular metabolite content, bioenergetic profile, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS eIF4Ai exhibits anti-leukemia activity in vivo while sparing non-malignant myeloid cells. In vitro, eIF4Ai synergizes with two therapeutic agents in AML, araC and venetoclax. EIF4Ai reduces mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the rate of ATP synthesis from mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Furthermore, eIF4i enhanced apoptotic priming while reducing the expression levels of the antiapoptotic factors BCL2, BCL-XL and MCL1. Concomitantly, eIF4Ai decreases intracellular levels of specific metabolic intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and glucose metabolism, while enhancing mtROS. In vitro redox stress contributes to eIF4Ai cytotoxicity, as treatment with a ROS scavenger partially rescued the viability of eIF4A inhibition. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that chemoresistant MOLM-14 cells rely on eIF4A-dependent cap translation for survival in vitro and in vivo. EIF4A drives an intrinsic metabolic program sustaining bioenergetic and redox homeostasis and regulates the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Overall, our work suggests that eIF4A-dependent cap translation contributes to adaptive processes involved in resistance to relevant therapeutic agents in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Fooks
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Victor Gife
- grid.414216.40000 0001 0742 1666Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Present Address: Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Zaynab Nouhi
- grid.414216.40000 0001 0742 1666Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - William W. L. Poon
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincent Luo
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ryan N. Rys
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Raquel Aloyz
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Present Address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Nathalie A. Johnson
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Hulea
- grid.414216.40000 0001 0742 1666Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Present Address: Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francois E. Mercier
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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5
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Manzano-Muñoz A, Yeste J, Ortega MA, Martín F, López A, Rosell J, Castro S, Serrano C, Samitier J, Ramón-Azcón J, Montero J. Microfluidic-based dynamic BH3 profiling predicts anticancer treatment efficacy. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:90. [PMID: 36456699 PMCID: PMC9715649 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is starting to incorporate functional assays to evaluate anticancer agents on patient-isolated tissues or cells to select for the most effective. Among these new technologies, dynamic BH3 profiling (DBP) has emerged and extensively been used to predict treatment efficacy in different types of cancer. DBP uses synthetic BH3 peptides to measure early apoptotic events ('priming') and anticipate therapy-induced cell death leading to tumor elimination. This predictive functional assay presents multiple advantages but a critical limitation: the cell number requirement, that limits drug screening on patient samples, especially in solid tumors. To solve this problem, we developed an innovative microfluidic-based DBP (µDBP) device that overcomes tissue limitations on primary samples. We used microfluidic chips to generate a gradient of BIM BH3 peptide, compared it with the standard flow cytometry based DBP, and tested different anticancer treatments. We first examined this new technology's predictive capacity using gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell lines, by comparing imatinib sensitive and resistant cells, and we could detect differences in apoptotic priming and anticipate cytotoxicity. We then validated µDBP on a refractory GIST patient sample and identified that the combination of dactolisib and venetoclax increased apoptotic priming. In summary, this new technology could represent an important advance for precision medicine by providing a fast, easy-to-use and scalable microfluidic device to perform DBP in situ as a routine assay to identify the best treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Manzano-Muñoz
- grid.473715.30000 0004 6475 7299Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Yeste
- grid.424736.00000 0004 0536 2369Biosensors for Bioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María A. Ortega
- grid.424736.00000 0004 0536 2369Biosensors for Bioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain ,Present Address: Vitala Technologies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- grid.473715.30000 0004 6475 7299Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain ,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna López
- grid.424736.00000 0004 0536 2369Biosensors for Bioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rosell
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Sarcoma Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Castro
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Surgical Oncology Division, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Serrano
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Sarcoma Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- grid.473715.30000 0004 6475 7299Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain ,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ramón-Azcón
- grid.424736.00000 0004 0536 2369Biosensors for Bioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.425902.80000 0000 9601 989XInstitució Catalana de Reserca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, E08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montero
- grid.473715.30000 0004 6475 7299Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain ,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Present Address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, 08036 Spain
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6
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Lew TE, Seymour JF. Clinical experiences with venetoclax and other pro-apoptotic agents in lymphoid malignancies: lessons from monotherapy and chemotherapy combination. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35659041 PMCID: PMC9164485 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3-mimetics are a novel drug class of small molecule inhibitors of BCL2 family proteins which restore apoptosis in malignant cells. The only currently approved BH3-mimetic, the selective BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, is highly efficacious in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and has rapidly advanced to an approved standard of care in frontline and relapsed disease in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. In this context, tumour lysis syndrome and myelosuppression are the most commonly encountered toxicities and are readily manageable with established protocols. Venetoclax is active in other lymphoid malignancies including several B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma, with the highest intrinsic sensitivity observed in mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Venetoclax combination with standard regimens in follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma and aggressive B cell neoplasms has shown some promise, but further studies are required to optimize dose and scheduling to mitigate increased myelosuppression and infection risk, and to find validated biomarkers of venetoclax sensitivity. Future research will focus on overcoming venetoclax resistance, targeting other BCL2 family members and the rational design of synergistic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Lew
- Department of Clinical Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - John F Seymour
- Department of Clinical Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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7
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Genetic Events Inhibiting Apoptosis in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092167. [PMID: 33946435 PMCID: PMC8125500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Despite the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, most patients are initially treated with a combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), but relapse occurs in ~50% of patients. One of the hallmarks of DLBCL is the occurrence of genetic events that inhibit apoptosis, which contributes to disease development and resistance to therapy. These events can affect the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, or their modulators. Understanding the factors that contribute to inhibition of apoptosis in DLBCL is crucial in order to be able to develop targeted therapies and improve outcomes, particularly in relapsed and refractory DLBCL (rrDLBCL). This review provides a description of the genetic events inhibiting apoptosis in DLBCL, their contribution to lymphomagenesis and chemoresistance, and their implication for the future of DLBCL therapy. Abstract Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is curable with chemoimmunotherapy in ~65% of patients. One of the hallmarks of the pathogenesis and resistance to therapy in DLBCL is inhibition of apoptosis, which allows malignant cells to survive and acquire further alterations. Inhibition of apoptosis can be the result of genetic events inhibiting the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as their modulators, such as the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, P53, and components of the NF-kB pathway. Mechanisms of dysregulation include upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins via point mutations, amplifications, deletions, translocations, and influences of other proteins. Understanding the factors contributing to resistance to apoptosis in DLBCL is crucial in order to be able to develop targeted therapies that could improve outcomes by restoring apoptosis in malignant cells. This review describes the genetic events inhibiting apoptosis in DLBCL, provides a perspective of their interactions in lymphomagenesis, and discusses their implication for the future of DLBCL therapy.
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