1
|
Ding L, Wu L, Cao Y, Wang H, Li D, Chen W, Huang P, Jiang Z. Modulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization by anti-maRCO mAb exerts anti-osteosarcoma effects through regulating osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:453. [PMID: 39085912 PMCID: PMC11290128 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor lacking optimal clinical treatment options. Tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are closely associated with tumor development and metastasis. Studies have identified the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) as a specific receptor expressed in macrophages. This study aimed to investigate whether anti-MARCO mAb treatment can induce macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment and elicit anti-tumor effects. METHODS THP-1 cells were treated with 20 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and 80 ng/mL interleukin-4 for 48 h to induce macrophage polarization to alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and bioinformatic analyses were performed to evaluate macrophage polarization. The co-culture groups included a blank group, an M2 macrophage and U2OS co-culture group, and an anti-MARCO mAb-treated M2 macrophage group. Cell viability assays, cell scratch tests, apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses were performed to determine the effects of anti-MARCO mAb-treated macrophages on osteosarcoma cells. RESULTS It was demonstrated that anti-MARCO mAb can drive macrophages toward classically activated macrophage (M1) polarization. Anti-MARCO mAb promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by macrophages, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-23. Studies on in vitro co-culture models have revealed that macrophages treated with anti-MARCO mAb can suppress the growth and migration of osteosarcoma cells, induce cell apoptosis, and inhibit cell cycle progression of osteosarcoma cells through M1 polarization of macrophages in vitro. CONCLUSION Anti-MARCO mAb treatment exerts anti-osteosarcoma effects by affecting macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages, offering a potential new therapeutic approach for treating osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang road No.76, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang road No.76, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Defang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang road No.76, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zengxin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Recine F, Vanni S, Bongiovanni A, Fausti V, Mercatali L, Miserocchi G, Liverani C, Pieri F, Casadei R, Cavaliere D, Falbo PT, Diano D, Ibrahim T, De Vita A. Clinical and translational implications of immunotherapy in sarcomas. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378398. [PMID: 38983859 PMCID: PMC11231074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as promising treatment in sarcomas, but the high variability in terms of histology, clinical behavior and response to treatments determines a particular challenge for its role in these neoplasms. Tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) of sarcomas reflects the heterogeneity of these tumors originating from mesenchymal cells and encompassing more than 100 histologies. Advances in the understanding of the complexity of TiME have led to an improvement of the immunotherapeutic responsiveness in sarcomas, that at first showed disappointing results. The proposed immune-classification of sarcomas based on the interaction between immune cell populations and tumor cells showed to have a prognostic and potential predictive role for immunotherapies. Several studies have explored the clinical impact of immune therapies in the management of these histotypes leading to controversial results. The presence of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) seems to correlate with an improvement in the survival of patients and with a higher responsiveness to immunotherapy. In this context, it is important to consider that also immune-related genes (IRGs) have been demonstrated to have a key role in tumorigenesis and in the building of tumor immune microenvironment. The IRGs landscape in soft tissue and bone sarcomas is characterized by the connection between several tumor-related genes that can assume a potential prognostic and predictive therapeutic role. In this paper, we reviewed the state of art of the principal immune strategies in the management of sarcomas including their clinical and translational relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Recine
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “San Giovanni Addolorata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Fausti
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “San Giovanni Addolorata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Pieri
- Pathology Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Roberto Casadei
- Orthopedic Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Davide Cavaliere
- General and Oncologic Surgery, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Pina Tiziana Falbo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “San Giovanni Addolorata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Danila Diano
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Subramanian A, Nemat-Gorgani N, Ellis-Caleo TJ, van IJzendoorn DGP, Sears TJ, Somani A, Luca BA, Zhou MY, Bradic M, Torres IA, Oladipo E, New C, Kenney DE, Avedian RS, Steffner RJ, Binkley MS, Mohler DG, Tap WD, D'Angelo SP, van de Rijn M, Ganjoo KN, Bui NQ, Charville GW, Newman AM, Moding EJ. Sarcoma microenvironment cell states and ecosystems are associated with prognosis and predict response to immunotherapy. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:642-658. [PMID: 38429415 PMCID: PMC11058033 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Characterization of the diverse malignant and stromal cell states that make up soft tissue sarcomas and their correlation with patient outcomes has proven difficult using fixed clinical specimens. Here, we employed EcoTyper, a machine-learning framework, to identify the fundamental cell states and cellular ecosystems that make up sarcomas on a large scale using bulk transcriptomes with clinical annotations. We identified and validated 23 sarcoma-specific, transcriptionally defined cell states, many of which were highly prognostic of patient outcomes across independent datasets. We discovered three conserved cellular communities or ecotypes associated with underlying genomic alterations and distinct clinical outcomes. We show that one ecotype defined by tumor-associated macrophages and epithelial-like malignant cells predicts response to immune-checkpoint inhibition but not chemotherapy and validate our findings in an independent cohort. Our results may enable identification of patients with soft tissue sarcomas who could benefit from immunotherapy and help develop new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Subramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy J Sears
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anish Somani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bogdan A Luca
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maggie Y Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martina Bradic
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ileana A Torres
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eniola Oladipo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christin New
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deborah E Kenney
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raffi S Avedian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Steffner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Binkley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David G Mohler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra P D'Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kristen N Ganjoo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nam Q Bui
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Aaron M Newman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Everett J Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang QS, Hayes JP, Gondi V, Pollack SM. Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy Combinations for Sarcoma. Semin Radiat Oncol 2024; 34:229-242. [PMID: 38508787 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of bone and soft tissue tumors. Survival outcomes for advanced (unresectable or metastatic) disease remain poor, so therapeutic improvements are needed. Radiotherapy plays an integral role in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of localized disease as well as in the treatment of metastatic disease. Combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy to potentiate immunotherapy has been used in a variety of cancers other than sarcoma, and there is opportunity to further investigate combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy to try to improve outcomes in sarcoma. In this review, we describe the diversity of the tumor immune microenvironments for sarcomas and describe the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy. We discuss studies on the timing of radiotherapy relative to immunotherapy and studies on the radiotherapy dose and fractionation regimen to be used in combination with immunotherapy. We describe the impact of radiotherapy on the tumor immune microenvironment. We review completed and ongoing clinical trials combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy for sarcoma and propose future directions for studies combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy in the treatment of sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian S Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - John P Hayes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Vinai Gondi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL..
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cornice J, Verzella D, Arboretto P, Vecchiotti D, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Franzoso G. NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:197. [PMID: 38397187 PMCID: PMC10888451 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they sustain tumor progression and or-tumor immunity. Due to their plasticity, macrophages can exhibit anti- or pro-tumor functions through the expression of different gene sets leading to distinct macrophage phenotypes: M1-like or pro-inflammatory and M2-like or anti-inflammatory. NF-κB transcription factors are central regulators of TAMs in cancers, where they often drive macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy in a wide range of human tumors. Hence, targeting NF-κB pathway in the myeloid compartment is a potential clinical strategy to overcome microenvironment-induced immunosuppression and increase anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the role of NF-κB as a key driver of macrophage functions in tumors as well as the principal strategies to overcome tumor immunosuppression by targeting the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cornice
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Paola Arboretto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Davide Vecchiotti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Baad-Hansen T, Møller HJ, Sandfeld-Paulsen B. Role of high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein in patients with sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:531. [PMID: 38020307 PMCID: PMC10644363 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown promising results in lung cancer and melanomas; however, the responses have been poor in patients with sarcoma. Understanding the relationship between the immune system and sarcoma is essential to develop improved immunotherapy approaches. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been proposed as a prognostic marker in other cancer types; however, to the best of our knowledge, the association between hs-CRP levels and mortality in patients with sarcoma has not been investigated. The present prospective, non-randomised, non-interventional explorative study investigated the prognostic value of hs-CRP in patients with sarcoma. Patients referred to the sarcoma centre of Aarhus University Hospital (Aarhus, Denmark) were included between April 2014 and December 2020. Clinical data were obtained from the national quality sarcoma database and biomarkers other than hs-CRP were obtained from the clinical laboratory information system. The study cohort consisted primarily of patients with localised sarcoma. hs-CRP was significantly higher in patients with bone sarcoma (P=0.022) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS; P<0.001) compared with control patients. For STS, grade III tumours but not metastatic disease were associated with a higher hs-CRP level (P=0.0001). Elevated hs-CRP levels were associated with increased overall mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 1.91; 95% CI, 1.33-2.75; P=0.001]. Furthermore, elevated hs-CRP levels were also associated with decreased progression-free survival (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.17-2.29; P=0.004). Furthermore, for patients with hs-CRP <8 mg/l, higher hs-CRP was associated with an increased risk of recurrent disease and reduced overall survival compared with those of patients with low hs-CRP. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that hs-CRP was a prognostic factor for overall mortality and progression-free survival in patients with localised sarcoma at the time of diagnosis. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanism behind the association between hs-CRP and sarcoma prognosis and its potential use in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninna Aggerholm-Pedersen
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Baad-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Sandfeld-Paulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Viborg Regional Hospital, 8800 Viborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen B, Tao J, Wu T, Feng H, Xie J, Zhong L, Wang S. Correlation between 18F-FDG PET-derived parameters and quantitative pathological characteristics of soft tissue sarcoma. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7842-7853. [PMID: 38106249 PMCID: PMC10721999 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used for evaluating patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, uncertainties and overlap among individuals may be observed, and the relevance of these findings remains to be further explored. The present study was aimed at investigating the correlation between PET metabolic parameters and quantitative pathological characteristics in STS. Methods We retrospectively collected 39 patients with STS who underwent 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) examination before treatment. Metabolic parameters including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and intratumoral FDG uptake heterogeneity (IFH) were measured. Histological grading was performed according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers grading system. Continuous staining of tissue sections and digital quantitative analysis methods were used, the characteristics of tumor nucleated cells were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression of CD163, CD68, CD8, and CD4 in tumor tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), then the correlation between FDG metabolic parameters and the above quantitative pathological characteristics in patients with STS were evaluated. Results The SUVmax of 18F-FDG PET/CT in STS was positively correlated with the total nuclear area (r=0.355, P=0.027). SUVmax was also positively correlated with the expression levels of CD163, CD68, CD8, and CD4 (r=0.582, 0.485, 0.343, and 0.324, with P<0.001, 0.002, 0.032, and 0.044, respectively), but was not significantly correlated with cell count and mean nuclear area (all P>0.05). However, MTV, TLG, and IFH were not significantly correlated with the above quantitative pathological characteristics. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that only CD163 expression and histological grade were independently correlated with SUVmax. Moreover, SUVmax remained positively correlated with CD163 expression in the low-grade STS (r=0.820, P=0.001) and high-grade STS groups (r=0.430, P=0.028). Conclusions 18F-FDG uptake was positively correlated with the quantitative pathological features of soft tissue tumors. SUVmax may be a meaningful method reflecting the level of M2 macrophage infiltration and may provide additional valuable information for preclinical evaluation of STS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongbo Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinghui Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zając AE, Czarnecka AM, Rutkowski P. The Role of Macrophages in Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5294. [PMID: 37958467 PMCID: PMC10648209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant mesenchymal tumors, including soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, involved in immunosuppression and leading to tumor development, are called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are very important in modulating the microenvironment of sarcomas by expressing specific markers and secreting factors that influence immune and tumor cells. They are involved in many signaling pathways, such as p-STAT3/p-Erk1/2, PI3K/Akt, JAK/MAPK, and JAK/STAT3. TAMs also significantly impact the clinical outcomes of patients suffering from sarcomas and are mainly related to poor overall survival rates among bone and soft tissue sarcomas, for example, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. This review summarizes the current knowledge on TAMs in sarcomas, focusing on specific markers on sarcoma cells, cell-cell interactions, and the possibly involved molecular pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical significance of macrophages in sarcomas as a potential target for new therapies, presenting clinical relevance, possible new treatment options, and ongoing clinical trials using TAMs in sarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E. Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-176 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weil R, Loeb D. Breaking down the tumor immune infiltration within pediatric sarcomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187289. [PMID: 37424864 PMCID: PMC10324675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are a promising therapeutic option, yet for a variety of reasons, these treatments have achieved limited success against sarcomas. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of sarcomas as well as lack of predictive biomarkers, decreased T-cell clonal frequency, and high expression of immunosuppressive infiltrating cells has thus far prevented major success using immunotherapies. By breaking down the TME into its individual components and understanding how the various cell types interact with each other as well as in the context of the complex immune microenvironment, can lead to effective therapeutic immunotherapy treatments, potentially improving outcomes for those with metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Weil
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - David Loeb
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chim LK, Williams IL, Bashor CJ, Mikos AG. Tumor-associated macrophages induce inflammation and drug resistance in a mechanically tunable engineered model of osteosarcoma. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122076. [PMID: 36931102 PMCID: PMC11132719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of various physical cues and biochemical signals that facilitate cancer progression, and tumor-associated macrophages are especially of interest as a treatable target due to their diverse pro-tumorigenic functions. Engineered three-dimensional models of tumors more effectively mimic the tumor microenvironment than monolayer cultures and can serve as a platform for investigating specific aspects of tumor biology within a controlled setting. To study the combinatorial effects of tumor-associated macrophages and microenvironment mechanical properties on osteosarcoma, we co-cultured human osteosarcoma cells with macrophages within biomaterials-based bone tumor niches with tunable stiffness. In the first 24 h of direct interaction between the two cell types, macrophages induced an inflammatory environment consisting of high concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 within moderately stiff scaffolds. Expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP), but not its homolog, transcriptional activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), in osteosarcoma cells was significantly higher than in macrophages, and co-culture of the two cells slightly upregulated YAP in both cells, although not to a significant degree. Resistance to doxorubicin treatment in osteosarcoma cells was correlated with inflammation in the microenvironment, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibition diminished the inflammation-related differences in drug resistance but ultimately did not improve the efficacy of doxorubicin. This work highlights that the biochemical cues conferred by tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma are highly variable, and signals derived from the immune system should be considered in the development and testing of novel drugs for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letitia K Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle L Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caleb J Bashor
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Albarrán V, Villamayor ML, Pozas J, Chamorro J, Rosero DI, San Román M, Guerrero P, Pérez de Aguado P, Calvo JC, García de Quevedo C, González C, Vaz MÁ. Current Landscape of Immunotherapy for Advanced Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2287. [PMID: 37190214 PMCID: PMC10136499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial heterogeneity between different subtypes of sarcoma regarding their biological behavior and microenvironment, which impacts their responsiveness to immunotherapy. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma, synovial sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma show higher immunogenicity and better responses to checkpoint inhibitors. Combination strategies adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy and/or tyrosine-kinase inhibitors globally seem superior to single-agent schemes. Therapeutic vaccines and different forms of adoptive cell therapy, mainly engineered TCRs, CAR-T cells and TIL therapy, are emerging as new forms of immunotherapy for advanced solid tumors. Tumor lymphocytic infiltration and other prognostic and predictive biomarkers are under research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brady RV, Thamm DH. Tumor-associated macrophages: Prognostic and therapeutic targets for cancer in humans and dogs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176807. [PMID: 37090720 PMCID: PMC10113558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are ancient, phagocytic immune cells thought to have their origins 500 million years ago in metazoan phylogeny. The understanding of macrophages has evolved to encompass their foundational roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, inflammation, and immunity. Notably, macrophages display high plasticity in response to environmental cues, capable of a strikingly wide variety of dynamic gene signatures and phenotypes. Macrophages are also involved in many pathological states including neural disease, asthma, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and others. In cancer, most tumor-associated immune cells are macrophages, coined tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). While some TAMs can display anti-tumor properties such as phagocytizing tumor cells and orchestrating an immune response, most macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic. Macrophages have been implicated in all stages of cancer. Therefore, interest in manipulating macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer developed as early as the 1970s. Companion dogs are a strong comparative immuno-oncology model for people due to documented similarities in the immune system and spontaneous cancers between the species. Data from clinical trials in humans and dogs can be leveraged to further scientific advancements that benefit both species. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on macrophages in general, and an in-depth review of macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer in humans and companion dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Macrophage Biomarkers sCD163 and sSIRPα in Serum Predict Mortality in Sarcoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051544. [PMID: 36900335 PMCID: PMC10000605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients do not respond to traditional checkpoint inhibitor treatment, which may be due to infiltrating immunosuppressive tumour-associated macrophages. This study investigated the prognostic value of four serum macrophage biomarkers. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 152 patients with STS at the time of diagnosis; clinical data were prospectively collected. The concentrations of four macrophage biomarkers (sCD163, sCD206, sSIRPα, sLILRB1) were measured in serum, dichotomised based on median concentration, and evaluated either individually or when combined with established prognostic markers. Results: All macrophage biomarkers were prognostic of overall survival (OS). However, only sCD163 and sSIRPα were prognostic for recurrent disease (sCD163: hazard ratio (HR): 1.97 (95% CI: 1.10-3.51) and sSIRPα: HR: 2.09 (95% CI: 1.16-3.77)). A prognostic profile was made based on sCD163 and sSIRPα; it also included c-reactive protein and tumour grade. Patients with intermediate- or high-risk prognostic profiles (adjusted for age and tumour size) had a higher risk of recurrent disease compared to low-risk patients (HR: 2.64 (95% CI: 0.97-7.19)) and (HR 4.3 (95% CI: 1.62-11.47)), respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that serum biomarkers of immunosuppressive macrophages were prognostic for OS; when combined with well-established markers of recurrence they allowed for a clinically relevant categorising of patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Association of SMC4 with prognosis and immune infiltration of sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:567-582. [PMID: 36719264 PMCID: PMC9925680 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to explore the prognostic relevance of structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (SMC4) in pan-cancer and explore the association between SMC4 and immune infiltration of sarcoma. RESULTS Elevated expression of SMC4 was detected in cancer tissues compared to normal tissue, which was confirmed in synovial sarcoma tissues with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, higher expression of SMC4 was connected to worse outcomes of sarcoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer or ovarian cancer. Moreover, SMC4 was positively connected to immune cell infiltrates in sarcoma. In addition, infiltrating immune cell markers including monocyte, TAM, M1 and M2 presented different SMC4-associated immune infiltration patterns. CONCLUSION The results from our study showed that SMC4 was positively related to the prognosis and immunological status of sarcoma. SMC4 could be a potential biomarker for prognosis and immune cell infiltrates in sarcoma. METHODS Several databases including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter were adopted to explore the expression pattern of SMC4 in sarcoma, which was confirmed by IHC. The GEPIA and TIMER datasets were adopted to investigate the associations between SMC4 and prognosis in various cancers, especially in sarcoma.
Collapse
|
15
|
Umakoshi M, Nakamura A, Tsuchie H, Li Z, Kudo-Asabe Y, Miyabe K, Ito Y, Yoshida M, Nagasawa H, Okada K, Nanjo H, Maeda D, Miyakoshi N, Tanaka M, Goto A. Macrophage numbers in the marginal area of sarcomas predict clinical prognosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1290. [PMID: 36690825 PMCID: PMC9870999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Even when treated comprehensively by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, soft-tissue sarcoma has an unfavorable outcome. Because soft-tissue sarcoma is rare, it is the subject of fewer clinicopathological studies, which are important for clarifying pathophysiology. Here, we examined tumor-associated macrophages in the intratumoral and marginal areas of sarcomas to increase our knowledge about the pathophysiology. Seventy-five sarcoma specimens (not limited to a single histological type), resected at our institution, were collected, and the number of CD68-, CD163-, and CD204-positive macrophages in the intratumoral and marginal areas was counted. We then performed statistical analysis to examine links between macrophage numbers, clinical factors, and outcomes. A high number of macrophages positive for all markers in both areas was associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS). Next, we divided cases according to the FNCLCC classification (Grade 1 and Grades 2/3). In the Grade 1 group, there was no significant association between macrophage number and DFS. However, in the Grade 2/3 group, high numbers of CD163- and CD204-positive macrophages in the marginal area were associated with poor DFS. By contrast, there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to high or low numbers of CD68-, CD163-, or CD204-positive macrophages in the intratumoral area. Multivariate analysis identified the number of CD163- and CD204-positive macrophages in the marginal area as an independent prognostic factor. Macrophage numbers in the marginal area of soft-tissue sarcoma may better reflect clinical behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michinobu Umakoshi
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Akiko Nakamura
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Yukitsugu Kudo-Asabe
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ken Miyabe
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ito
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kyoji Okada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang T, Hu Y, Dusi S, Qi F, Sartoris S, Ugel S, De Sanctis F. "Open Sesame" to the complexity of pattern recognition receptors of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130060. [PMID: 36911674 PMCID: PMC9992799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors are primitive sensors that arouse a preconfigured immune response to broad stimuli, including nonself pathogen-associated and autologous damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. These receptors are mainly expressed by innate myeloid cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Recent investigations have revealed new insights into these receptors as key players not only in triggering inflammation processes against pathogen invasion but also in mediating immune suppression in specific pathological states, including cancer. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are preferentially expanded in many pathological conditions. This heterogeneous cell population includes immunosuppressive myeloid cells that are thought to be associated with poor prognosis and impaired response to immune therapies in various cancers. Identification of pattern recognition receptors and their ligands increases the understanding of immune-activating and immune-suppressive myeloid cell functions and sheds light on myeloid-derived suppressor cell differences from cognate granulocytes and monocytes in healthy conditions. This review summarizes the different expression, ligand recognition, signaling pathways, and cancer relations and identifies Toll-like receptors as potential new targets on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer, which might help us to decipher the instruction codes for reverting suppressive myeloid cells toward an antitumor phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yushu Hu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang J, Sun HC, Cao C, Hu JD, Qian J, Jiang T, Jiang WB, Zhou S, Qiu XW, Wang HL. Identification and validation of a novel signature based on cell-cell communication in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by integrated analysis of single-cell transcriptome and bulk RNA-sequencing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136729. [PMID: 37213285 PMCID: PMC10196046 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The heterogeneous crosstalk between tumor cells and other cells in their microenvironment means a notable difference in clinical outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CD8+ T cells and macrophages are effector factors of the immune system, which have direct killing and phagocytosis effects on tumor cells. How the evolution of their role in the tumor microenvironment influences patients clinically remains a mystery. This study aims to investigate the complex communication networks in the HNSCC tumor immune microenvironment, elucidate the interactions between immune cells and tumors, and establish prognostic risk model. Methods 20 HNSCC samples single-cell rna sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and bulk rna-seq data were derived from public databases. The "cellchat" R package was used to identify cell-to-cell communication networks and prognostic related genes, and then cell-cell communication (ccc) molecular subtypes were constructed by unsupervised clustering. Kaplan-Meier(K-M) survival analysis, clinical characteristics analysis, immune microenvironment analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis and CD8+T cell differentiation correlation analysis were performed. Finally, the ccc gene signature including APP, ALCAM, IL6, IL10 and CD6 was constructed based on univariate Cox analysis and multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the model in the train group and the validation group, respectively. Results With CD8+T cells from naive to exhaustion state, significantly decreased expression of protective factor (CD6 gene) is associated with poorer prognosis in patients with HNSCC. The role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment has been identified as tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), which can promote tumor proliferation and help tumor cells provide more nutrients and channels to facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, based on the strength of all ccc in the tumor microenvironment, we identified five prognostic ccc gene signatures (cccgs), which were identified as independent prognostic factors by univariate and multivariate analysis. The predictive power of cccgs was well demonstrated in different clinical groups in train and test cohorts. Conclusion Our study highlights the propensity for crosstalk between tumors and other cells and developed a novel signature on the basis of a strong association gene for cell communication that has a powerful ability to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with HNSCC. This may provide some guidance for developing diagnostic biomarkers for risk stratification and therapeutic targets for new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Hong-Cun Sun,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Current State of Immunotherapy and Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010272. [PMID: 36612267 PMCID: PMC9818129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We argue here that in many ways, Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a unique tumor entity and yet, it shares many commonalities with other immunologically cold solid malignancies. From the historical perspective, EwS, osteosarcoma (OS) and other bone and soft-tissue sarcomas were the first types of tumors treated with the immunotherapy approach: more than 100 years ago American surgeon William B. Coley injected his patients with a mixture of heat-inactivated bacteria, achieving survival rates apparently higher than with surgery alone. In contrast to OS which exhibits recurrent somatic copy-number alterations, EwS possesses one of the lowest mutation rates among cancers, being driven by a single oncogenic fusion protein, most frequently EWS-FLI1. In spite these differences, both EwS and OS are allied with immune tolerance and low immunogenicity. We discuss here the potential mechanisms of immune escape in these tumors, including low representation of tumor-specific antigens, low expression levels of MHC-I antigen-presenting molecules, accumulation of immunosuppressive M2 macrophages and myeloid proinflammatory cells, and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are capable of reprogramming host cells in the tumor microenvironment and systemic circulation. We also discuss the vulnerabilities of EwS and OS and potential novel strategies for their targeting.
Collapse
|
19
|
Beebe E, Pöschel A, Kunz L, Wolski W, Motamed Z, Meier D, Guscetti F, Nolff MC, Markkanen E. Proteomic profiling of canine fibrosarcoma and adjacent peritumoral tissue. Neoplasia 2022; 35:100858. [PMID: 36508875 PMCID: PMC9761855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosarcoma (FSA) are rare soft tissue tumors that display aggressive local behavior and invasive growth leading to high rates of tumor recurrence. While the low incidence in humans hampers detailed understanding of the disease, FSA are frequent in dogs and present potential models for the human condition. However, a lack of in-depth molecular characterization of FSA and unaffected peritumoral tissue (PTT) in both species impedes the translational potential of dogs. To address this shortcoming, we characterized canine FSA and matched skeletal muscle, adipose and connective tissue using laser-capture microdissection (LCM) and LC-MS/MS in 30 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens. Principal component analysis of 3'530 different proteins detected across all samples clearly separates the four tissues, with several targets strongly differentiating tumor from all three PTTs. 25 proteins were exclusively found in tumor tissue in ≥80% of cases. Among these, CD68 (a macrophage marker), Optineurin (OPTN), Nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5), RAP1GDS1 (Rap1 GTPase-GDP dissociation stimulator 1) and Stromal cell derived factor 2 like 1 (SDF2L1) were present in ≥90% of FSA. Protein expression across all FSA was highly homogeneous and characterized by MYC and TP53 signaling, hyperactive EIF2 and immune-related changes as well as strongly decreased oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative lipid metabolism. Finally, we demonstrate significant molecular homology between canine FSA and human soft-tissue sarcomas, emphasizing the relevance of studying canine FSA as a model for human FSA. In conclusion, we provide the first detailed overview of proteomic changes in FSA and surrounding PTT with relevance for the human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Beebe
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amiskwia Pöschel
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Kunz
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, ETH Zürich/University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Witold Wolski
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, ETH Zürich/University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Motamed
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Meier
- Zyto/Histo Diagnostik Labor Freienstein, 8427 Freienstein, Switzerland
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirja C. Nolff
- Small Animal Surgery, Tierspital Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland,Corresponding authors.
| | - Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland,Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ishihara S, Iwasaki T, Kohashi K, Kawaguchi K, Toda Y, Fujiwara T, Setsu N, Endo M, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima Y, Oda Y. Clinical significance of signal regulatory protein alpha and T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain expression in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2425-2436. [PMID: 35737088 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is associated with poor prognosis. Recently, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), which is the immune checkpoint of macrophages, and T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT), which is the immune checkpoint of T cells and natural killer cells, have been considered as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. This study aimed to assess the value of SIRPα and TIGIT as prognostic factors of UPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cBio Cancer Genomics Portal was used to analyze mRNA expression data of 50 UPS cases in the Cancer Genome Atlas. We retrieved 49 UPS cases and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), SIRPα, CD68, CD163, TIGIT, CD155, and CD8. RESULTS SIRPα was positively associated with CD163 (Pearson's r = 0.51, p = 0.0002) as per open access data and IHC of the cohort (p = 0.002), which revealed that SIRPα-positive macrophage infiltration was higher in UPS cells with ≥ 1% PD-L1 expression than that in UPS cells with < 1% PD-L1 expression (p = 0.047). TIGIT was positively correlated with PD-L1 (r = 0.54, p < 0.0001) and CD8A (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001). In 35 of 49 cases, IHC revealed high levels of TIGIT expression on tumor cells. Furthermore, TIGIT expression on tumor cells was negatively correlated with CD155-positive (p = 0.0144) and CD8-positive (p = 0.0487) cell infiltration. Survival analysis showed that the high degree of SIRPα-positive macrophage infiltration was associated with poor overall survival and metastasis (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, respectively). CONCLUSION SIRPα-positive macrophages infiltrated UPS cells, which predicted poor prognosis. High TIGIT expression on tumor cells was associated with decreased levels of tumor-infiltrating macrophages in UPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawaguchi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Toda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Tang L, He J, Sun X, Younis MH, Cui D, Xiao H, Gao D, Kong XY, Cai W, Song J. Engineering CpG-ASO-Pt-loaded Macrophages (CAP@M) For Synergistic Chemo-/Gene-/Immuno-Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201178. [PMID: 35668035 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy by natural cells for drug delivery has achieved encouraging progress in cancer treatment over small-molecule drugs. Macrophages have a great potential in antitumor drug delivery due to their innate capability of sensing chemotactic cues and homing toward tumors. However, major challenge in current macrophage-based cell therapy is loading macrophages with adequate amounts of therapeutic, while allowing them to play a role in immunity without compromising cell functions. Herein, we demonstrate a potent strategy to construct a macrophage-mediated drug delivery platform loaded with a nanosphere (CpG-ASO-Pt) composed of functional nucleic acid therapeutic (CpG-ASO) and chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (Pt). These CpG-ASO-Pt nanosphere loaded macrophages (CAP@M) are employed not only as carriers to deliver this nanosphere toward the tumor sites, but also simultaneously to guide the differentiation and maintain immunostimulatory effects. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have indicated that CAP@M is a promising nanomedicine by macrophage-mediated nanospheres delivery and synergistically immunostimulatory activities. Taken together, this study provides a new strategy to construct a macrophage-based drug delivery system for synergistic chemo-/gene-/immuno-therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical, Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingpu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical, Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical, Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical, Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhsin H Younis
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical, Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical, Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baldi GG, Gronchi A, Tazzari M, Stacchiotti S. Immunotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma: current evidence and future perspectives in a variegated family of different tumour. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:491-503. [PMID: 35412415 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2065986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last few years steps forward in the knowledge of the biology of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy. AREAS COVERED This review outlines the recent findings on immunological features and provides a synopsis of the results of clinical trials with different immunotherapy approaches in STS, discussing criticisms and how the efficacy of immunotherapy could be improved. EXPERT OPINION The heterogeneity of STS has limited generalized approaches of immunotherapy in the disease. Clinical decisions should encompass a comprehensive characterization of the tumour microenvironment (TME), marked by intra-histotype diversity. Profiling of immune cells, checkpoint molecules and antigen target/HLA expression is deemed to re-shape the classical histotype classification for a selection of the most appropriate immune-based treatment. In a synergistic view, tumour-directed treatments, designed on the genetic and epigenetic histotype make-up, should be monitored for their immunomodulant effect and applied to ensure or amplify immunotherapy response. In light of the dynamic nature of the TME, this immunomonitoring should be conducted at baseline and during treatment, for improved therapeutic decisions and rational sequence of treatment combination, pursuing an immunological marker approach by histotype guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo G Baldi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvia Stacchiotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiu X, Zhao T, Luo R, Qiu R, Li Z. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Key Players in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:772615. [PMID: 35237507 PMCID: PMC8882594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.772615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) refers to the subtype of breast cancer which is negative for ER, PR, and HER-2 receptors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) refer to the leukocyte infiltrating tumor, derived from circulating blood mononuclear cells and differentiating into macrophages after exuding tissues. TAMs are divided into typical activated M1 subtype and alternately activated M2 subtype, which have different expressions of receptors, cytokines and chemokines. M1 is characterized by expressing a large amount of inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-α, and exert anti-tumor activity by promoting pro-inflammatory and immune responses. M2 usually expresses Arginase 1 and high levels of cytokines, growth factors and proteases to support their carcinogenic function. Recent studies demonstrate that TAMs participate in the process of TNBC from occurrence to metastasis, and might serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoming Li, ; Ran Qiu,
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoming Li, ; Ran Qiu,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Meltzer
- From the Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.S.M.); and the Osteosarcoma Institute, Dallas (L.J.H.)
| | - Lee J Helman
- From the Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.S.M.); and the Osteosarcoma Institute, Dallas (L.J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ozaniak A, Vachtenheim J, Lischke R, Bartunkova J, Strizova Z. Novel Insights into the Immunotherapy of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Do We Need a Change of Perspective? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080935. [PMID: 34440139 PMCID: PMC8393686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare mesenchymal tumors. With more than 80 histological subtypes of STSs, data regarding novel biomarkers of strong prognostic and therapeutic value are very limited. To date, the most important prognostic factor is the tumor grade, and approximately 50% of patients that are diagnosed with high-grade STSs die of metastatic disease within five years. Systemic chemotherapy represents the mainstay of metastatic STSs treatment for decades but induces response in only 15–35% of the patients, irrespective of the histological subtype. In the era of immunotherapy, deciphering the immune cell signatures within the STSs tumors may discriminate immunotherapy responders from non-responders and different immunotherapeutic approaches could be combined based on the predominant cell subpopulations infiltrating the STS tumors. Furthermore, understanding the immune diversity of the STS tumor microenvironment (TME) in different histological subtypes may provide a rationale for stratifying patients according to the TME immune parameters. In this review, we introduce the most important immune cell types infiltrating the STSs tumors and discuss different immunotherapies, as well as promising clinical trials, that would target these immune cells to enhance the antitumor immune responses and improve the prognosis of metastatic STSs patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Ozaniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.O.); (J.V.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Jiri Vachtenheim
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.O.); (J.V.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.O.); (J.V.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-604712471
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moeini P, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Combination of Therapies, the Approach to Improve Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137239. [PMID: 34281293 PMCID: PMC8269174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most important cells of the innate immune system and are known for their ability to engulf and digest foreign substances, including cellular debris and tumor cells. They can convert into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) when mature macrophages are recruited into the tumor microenvironment. Their role in cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy failure is of special note. The aim of this review is to understand how the presence of TAMs are both advantageous and disadvantageous in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Moeini
- Plant Virology Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crosstalk between Macrophages and Myxoid Liposarcoma Cells Increases Spreading and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133298. [PMID: 34209309 PMCID: PMC8268435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is the second most common subtype of liposarcoma and has tendency to metastasize to soft tissues. To date, the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of MLPS remain unclear, and new therapeutic strategies that improve patients' outcomes are expected. In this study, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the immune cellular components and microvessel density in tumor tissues from patients affected by MLPS. In order to evaluate the effects of primary human MLPS cells on macrophage polarization and, in turn, the ability of macrophages to influence invasiveness of MLPS cells, non-contact and 3D organotypic co-cultures were set up. High grade MLPS tissues were found heavily vascularized, exhibited a CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocyte-poor phenotype and were massively infiltrated by CD163 positive M2-like macrophages. Conversely, low grade MLPS tissues were infiltrated by a discrete amount of CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocytes and a scarce amount of CD163 positive macrophages. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a shorter Progression Free Survival in MLPS patients whose tumor tissues were highly vascularized and heavily infiltrated by CD163 positive macrophages, indicating a clear-cut link between M2-like macrophage abundance and poor prognosis in patients. Moreover, we documented that, in co-culture, soluble factors produced by primary human MLPS cells induce macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype which, in turn, increases MLPS cell capability to spread into extracellular matrix and to cross endothelial monolayers. The identification of M2-like polarization factors secreted by MLPS cells may allow to develop novel targeted therapies counteracting MLPS progression.
Collapse
|