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Xiong M, Li L, Wen L, Zhao A. Decidual stromal cell-derived exosomes deliver miR-22-5p_R-1 to suppress trophoblast metabolic switching from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis by targeting PDK4 in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Placenta 2024; 153:1-21. [PMID: 38810540 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and energy metabolism influence each other, and it is unclear whether the trophoblast energy metabolism phenotype is dominated by glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration, and the relationship between trophoblast energy metabolism and EMT is still unclear. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from the DSC of URSA patients and their miRNA profile was characterized by miRNA sequencing. Wound healing assays and transwell assays were used to assess the invasion and migration ability of trophoblasts. Mitochondrial stress and glycolysis stress test were used to evaluate energy metabolism phenotype of trophoblast. Luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and WB were conducted to uncover the underlying mechanism. Finally, animal experiments were employed to explore the effect of DSC-exos on embryo absorption in mice. RESULTS Our results showed that URSA-DSC-exos suppressed trophoblast EMT to reduce their migration and invasion, miR-22-5p_R-1 was the most upregulated miRNAs. URSA-DSC-exos can suppress trophoblast MGS (metabolic switch from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis) and inhibit trophoblast migration and invasion by transferring miR-22-5p_R-1. Mechanistically, miR-22-5p_R-1 suppress trophoblast MGS and inhibit trophoblast EMT by directly suppressing PDK4 expression at the post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, in vivo experiment suggested that URSA-DSC-exos aggravated embryo absorption in mice. Clinically, PDK4 and EMT molecule were aberrant in villous of URSA patients, and negative correlations were found between miR-22-5p_R-1 and PDK4. DISCUSSION Our findings indicated that URSA-DSC-exos induced MGS obstacle playing an important role in intercellular communication between trophoblast and DSC, illuminating a novel mechanism in DSC regulation of trophoblasts and their role in URSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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Sun W, Jiang C, Liu Q, Wang N, Huang R, Jiang G, Yang Y. Exosomal noncoding RNAs: decoding their role in thyroid cancer progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1337226. [PMID: 38933820 PMCID: PMC11199389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1337226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as pivotal entities within the tumor microenvironment, orchestrate intercellular communication through the transfer of diverse molecules, among which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs play a crucial role. These ncRNAs, endowed with regulatory functions, are selectively incorporated into exosomes. Emerging evidence underscores the significance of exosomal ncRNAs in modulating key oncogenic processes in thyroid cancer (TC), including proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immunoediting. The unique composition of exosomes shields their cargo from enzymatic and chemical degradation, ensuring their integrity and facilitating their specific expression in plasma. This positions exosomal ncRNAs as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in TC. Moreover, the potential of exosomes in the therapeutic landscape of TC is increasingly recognized. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between exosomal ncRNAs and TC, fostering a deeper comprehension of their mechanistic involvement. By doing so, it endeavors to propel forward the exploration of exosomal ncRNAs in TC, ultimately paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies predicated on exosomes and their ncRNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Sun
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Endocrinology Department, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenjun Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Runchun Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengchen Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Iwamoto S, Kobayashi T, Hanamatsu H, Yokota I, Teranishi Y, Iwamoto A, Kitagawa M, Ashida S, Sakurai A, Matsuo S, Myokan Y, Sugimoto A, Ushioda R, Nagata K, Gotoh N, Nakajima K, Nishikaze T, Furukawa JI, Itano N. Tolerable glycometabolic stress boosts cancer cell resilience through altered N-glycosylation and Notch signaling activation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38225221 PMCID: PMC10789756 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic metabolic stress paradoxically elicits pro-tumorigenic signals that facilitate cancer stem cell (CSC) development. Therefore, elucidating the metabolic sensing and signaling mechanisms governing cancer cell stemness can provide insights into ameliorating cancer relapse and therapeutic resistance. Here, we provide convincing evidence that chronic metabolic stress triggered by hyaluronan production augments CSC-like traits and chemoresistance by partially impairing nucleotide sugar metabolism, dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis and N-glycan assembly. Notably, preconditioning with either low-dose tunicamycin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which partially interferes with LLO biosynthesis, reproduced the promoting effects of hyaluronan production on CSCs. Multi-omics revealed characteristic changes in N-glycan profiles and Notch signaling activation in cancer cells exposed to mild glycometabolic stress. Restoration of N-glycan assembly with glucosamine and mannose supplementation and Notch signaling blockade attenuated CSC-like properties and further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. Therefore, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which tolerable glycometabolic stress boosts cancer cell resilience through altered N-glycosylation and Notch signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yokota
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Teranishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiho Iwamoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyu Kitagawa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sawako Ashida
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayane Sakurai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Suguru Matsuo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Myokan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aiyu Sugimoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikaze
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Itano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Wang B, Ge S, Wang Z, Wang W, Wang Y, Leng H, Ma X. Analysis and experimental validation of fatty acid metabolism-related genes prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) in endometrial cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10322-10346. [PMID: 37796199 PMCID: PMC10599728 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The deregulation of fatty acid metabolism plays a pivotal role in cancer. Our objective is to construct a prognostic model for patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC) based on genes related to fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FAMGs). RNA sequencing and clinical data for EC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Lasso-Penalized Cox regression was employed to derive the risk formula for the model, the score = esum(corresponding coefficient × each gene's expression). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to examine the enrichment of KEGG and GO pathways within this model. Correlation analysis of immune function was conducted using Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). The "ESTIMATE" package in R was utilized to evaluate the tumor microenvironment. The support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and randomforest maps were employed to identify key genes. The effects of PTGIS on the malignant biological behavior of EC were assessed through CCK-8 assay, transwell invasion assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, and tumor xenografts in nude mice. A novel prognostic signature comprising 10 FAMGs (INMT, ACACB, ACOT4, ACOXL, CYP4F3, FAAH, GPX1, HPGDS, PON3, PTGIS) was developed. This risk score serves as an independent prognostic marker validated for EC. According to ssGSEA analysis, the low- and high-risk groups exhibited distinct immune enrichments. The key gene PTGIS was screened by SVM-RFE and randomforest method. Furthermore, we validated the expression of PTGIS through qRT-PCR. In vitro and in vivo experiments also confirmed the effect of PTGIS on the malignant biological behavior of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wantong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Murai T, Matsuda S. Fatty Acid Metabolites and the Tumor Microenvironment as Potent Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling. Metabolites 2023; 13:709. [PMID: 37367867 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual cancer cells are not equal but are organized into a cellular hierarchy in which only a rare few leukemia cells can self-renew in a manner reminiscent of the characteristic stem cell properties. The PI3K/AKT pathway functions in a variety of cancers and plays a critical role in the survival and proliferation of healthy cells under physiologic conditions. In addition, cancer stem cells might exhibit a variety of metabolic reprogramming phenotypes that cannot be completely attributed to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer. Given the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells, new strategies with single-cell resolution will become a powerful tool to eradicate the aggressive cell population harboring cancer stem cell phenotypes. Here, this article will provide an overview of the most important signaling pathways of cancer stem cells regarding their relevance to the tumor microenvironment and fatty acid metabolism, suggesting valuable strategies among cancer immunotherapies to inhibit the recurrence of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Murai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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7
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Murai T, Matsuda S. Pleiotropic Signaling by Reactive Oxygen Species Concerted with Dietary Phytochemicals and Microbial-Derived Metabolites as Potent Therapeutic Regulators of the Tumor Microenvironment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1056. [PMID: 37237922 PMCID: PMC10215163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diseases. ROS are central to cellular redox regulation and act as second messengers to activate redox-sensitive signals. Recent studies have revealed that certain sources of ROS can be beneficial or harmful to human health. Considering the essential and pleiotropic roles of ROS in basic physiological functions, future therapeutics should be designed to modulate the redox state. Dietary phytochemicals, microbiota, and metabolites derived from them can be expected to be developed as drugs to prevent or treat disorders in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Murai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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8
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Chakravarti B, Akhtar Siddiqui J, Anthony Sinha R, Raza S. Targeting autophagy and lipid metabolism in cancer stem cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115550. [PMID: 37060962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells with self-renewal ability and tumor initiating properties. Unlike the other non-stem cancer cells, CSCs resist traditional therapy and remain a major cause of disease relapse. With the recent advances in metabolomics, various studies have demonstrated that CSCs have distinct metabolic properties. Metabolic reprogramming in CSCs contributes to self-renewal and maintenance of stemness. Accumulating evidence suggests that rewiring of energy metabolism is a key player that enables to meet energy demands, maintains stemness, and sustains cancer growth and invasion. CSCs use various mechanisms such as increased glycolysis, redox signaling and autophagy modulation to overcome nutritional deficiency and sustain cell survival. The alterations in lipid metabolism acquired by the CSCs support biomass production through increased dependence on fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation and contribute to oncogenic signaling pathways. This review summarizes our current understanding of lipid metabolism in CSCs and how pharmacological regulation of autophagy and lipid metabolism influences CSC phenotype. Increased dependence on lipid metabolism appears as an attractive strategy to eliminate CSCs using therapeutic agents that specifically target CSCs based on their modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow - 226014, India
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow - 226014, India.
| | - Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow - 226014, India.
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Li J, Gao R, Zhang J. USP22 Contributes to Chemoresistance, Stemness, and EMT Phenotype of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by egulating the Warburg Effect via c-Myc Deubiquitination. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:162-175. [PMID: 36528490 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer, while its regulatory functions in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have been rarely reported. This study aimed to elucidate the effect and mechanism of USP22 on the malignant phenotype of TNBC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of USP22, stemness genes, and EMT-related markers were analyzed by RT-qPCR and/or Western blotting. Cell stemness was determined by cell spheroid formation, flow cytometry for CD44+/CD24-, and extreme limiting dilution analysis. Cell proliferation and cisplatin (DDP) chemoresistance of TNBC cells were assessed by CCK-8 assay and xenograft model. Glycolysis was measured by Seahorse assay. The mechanism underlying the role of USP22 was explored by Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, and cycloheximide-chase analysis. RESULTS USP22 expression was positively correlated with DDP resistance in TNBC patients and cells. The proliferation, spheroid number, CD44+/CD24- cells, the expression of stemness genes and EMT-related markers in TNBC cells were significantly elevated after USP22 was overexpressed; however, these parameters in DDP-resistant TNBC (TNBC/DDP) cells were significantly reduced after silencing USP22. USP22 overexpression enhanced the extracellular acidification rate, proliferation, spheroid number, CD44+/CD24- cell number, and the expression of stemness genes and EMT-related markers in TNBC/DDP cells, while these effects were restrained by glycolysis inhibitors. Mechanically, USP22 interacted with c-Myc to promote its stabilization by deubiquitination in TNBC cells. Silencing of USP22 increased DDP sensitivity and survival of mice bearing TNBC. CONCLUSION USP22 contributes to chemoresistance, stemness, and EMT phenotype of TNBC cells by suppressing the glycolysis via c-Myc deubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Runfang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Ervin EH, French R, Chang CH, Pauklin S. Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:48-83. [PMID: 36347438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is largely determined by its transcriptional profile. In tumour, deregulation of transcription factor expression and/or activity enables cancer cell to acquire a stem-like state characterised by capacity to self-renew, differentiate and form tumours in vivo. These stem-like cancer cells are highly metastatic and therapy resistant, thus warranting a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms downstream of the transcription factors that mediate the establishment of stemness state. Here, we review recent research findings that provide a mechanistic link between the commonly deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. In particular, we describe the role of master transcription factors (SOX, OCT4, NANOG, KLF, BRACHYURY, SALL, HOX, FOX and RUNX), signalling-regulated transcription factors (SMAD, β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, AP-1, NOTCH, STAT, GLI, ETS and NF-κB) and unclassified transcription factors (c-MYC, HIF, EMT transcription factors and P53) across diverse tumour types, thereby yielding a comprehensive overview identifying shared downstream targets, highlighting unique mechanisms and discussing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle-Helene Ervin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon French
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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11
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Ginsenosides in cancer: A focus on the regulation of cell metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells (GSCs) with Mesenchymal Signature: Lipid Profiles of Mobile Lipids Obtained with MRS before and after Radio/Chemical Treatments. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081051. [PMID: 36008944 PMCID: PMC9405836 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) promote and are responsible for glioblastoma intratumoral heterogeneity and therapy resistance, due to their two main features: self-renewal and differentiation. Lipids have important biological and physiological functions that are critical for understanding the regulation and control of stem cell fate; lipid metabolism and related unsaturation levels play a possible role as the target of therapeutics to overcome glioblastoma radioresistance. This paper aimed at an in-depth analysis of 13 GSC mesenchymal (MES) lines, two subclones, and a stabilized glioblastoma line (T98G) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Particularly, 2D MRS was used to investigate lipid unsaturation behavior during growth in culture and after treatment with etomoxir and photon beams. MES lines, although belonging to the same genetic and metabolic cluster, showed metabolic heterogeneity when observed by MRS, focusing on lipid signals. Nonetheless, the observed unsaturation level stability for two representative lines after stressful treatments suggests unusual robustness of the unsaturation levels for each line, as a peculiar and intrinsic characteristic of GSCs.
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13
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Xie L, Huang R, Huang H, Liu X, Yu J. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Identify Drug Resistance of Dormant Cell in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879751. [PMID: 35462906 PMCID: PMC9024109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor dormancy is an important way to develop drug resistance. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell dormancy. Methods: Based on the CRC cohorts, a total of 1,044 CRC patients were included in this study, and divided into a dormant subgroup and proliferous subgroup. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was used to distinguish the dormant subgroup of CRC via transcriptome data of cancer tissues. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the characteristics of dormant CRC. The characteristics were verified in the cell model, which was used to predict key factors driving CRC dormancy. Potential treatments for CRC dormancy were also examined. Results: The dormant subgroup had a poor prognosis and was more likely to relapse. GSEA analysis showed two defining characteristics of the dormant subgroup, a difference in energy metabolism and synergistic effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which were verified in a dormant cell model. Transcriptome and clinical data identified LMOD1, MAB21L2, and ASPN as important factors associated with cell dormancy and verified that erlotinib, and CB-839 were potential treatment options. Conclusion: Dormant CRC is associated with high glutamine metabolism and synergizes with CAFs in 5-FU resistance, and the key effectors are LMOD1, MAB21L2, and ASPN. Austocystin D, erlotinib, and CB-839 may be useful for dormant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Liu, ; Jinlong Yu,
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Liu, ; Jinlong Yu,
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14
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Foo J, Basanta D, Rockne RC, Strelez C, Shah C, Ghaffarian K, Mumenthaler SM, Mitchell K, Lathia JD, Frankhouser D, Branciamore S, Kuo YH, Marcucci G, Vander Velde R, Marusyk A, Hang S, Hari K, Jolly MK, Hatzikirou H, Poels K, Spilker M, Shtylla B, Robertson-Tessi M, Anderson ARA. Roadmap on plasticity and epigenetics in cancer. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [PMID: 35078159 PMCID: PMC9190291 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac4ee2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of plasticity and epigenetics in shaping cancer evolution and response to therapy has taken center stage with recent technological advances including single cell sequencing. This roadmap article is focused on state-of-the-art mathematical and experimental approaches to interrogate plasticity in cancer, and addresses the following themes and questions: is there a formal overarching framework that encompasses both non-genetic plasticity and mutation-driven somatic evolution? How do we measure and model the role of the microenvironment in influencing/controlling non-genetic plasticity? How can we experimentally study non-genetic plasticity? Which mathematical techniques are required or best suited? What are the clinical and practical applications and implications of these concepts?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Foo
- University of Minnesota System, School of Mathematics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455-2020, UNITED STATES
| | - David Basanta
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Center Inc, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-3 West/IMO, Tampa, Florida 33612USA, Tampa, Florida, 33612-9416, UNITED STATES
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Computational and Quantitative Medicine; Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Carly Strelez
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Curran Shah
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Kimya Ghaffarian
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Shannon M Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute , Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, UNITED STATES
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195-5243, UNITED STATES
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195-5243, UNITED STATES
| | - David Frankhouser
- Computational and Quantitative Medicine; Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Sergio Branciamore
- Computational and Quantitative Medicine; Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Ya-Huei Kuo
- Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Rose Vogel Building (74), Duarte, California, 91010, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert Vander Velde
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Center Inc, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-3 West/IMO, Tampa, Florida 33612USA, Tampa, Florida, 33612-9416, UNITED STATES
| | - Andriy Marusyk
- Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, UNITED STATES
| | - Sui Hang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Systems Biology, WA , WA 98109, UNITED STATES
| | - Kishore Hari
- Indian Institute of Science, 560012 Bangalore, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering,, Indian Institute of Science, 560012 Bangalore, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, NA, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | - Kamrine Poels
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Early Clinical Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, UNITED STATES
| | - Mary Spilker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, UNITED STATES
| | - Blerta Shtylla
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Early Clinical Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, UNITED STATES
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, UNITED STATES
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Co-Director of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4 Rm 24000H, Tampa, Florida 33612, Tampa, 33612, UNITED STATES
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15
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Olszewska A, Borkowska A, Granica M, Karolczak J, Zglinicki B, Kieda C, Was H. Escape From Cisplatin-Induced Senescence of Hypoxic Lung Cancer Cells Can Be Overcome by Hydroxychloroquine. Front Oncol 2022; 11:738385. [PMID: 35127467 PMCID: PMC8813758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the commonly used treatment for advanced lung cancer. However, it produces side effects such as the development of chemoresistance. A possible responsible mechanism may be therapy-induced senescence (TIS). TIS cells display increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and irreversible growth arrest. However, recent data suggest that TIS cells can reactivate their proliferative potential and lead to cancer recurrence. Our previous study indicated that reactivation of proliferation by TIS cells might be related with autophagy modulation. However, exact relationship between both processes required further studies. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of autophagy in the senescence-related chemoresistance of lung cancer cells. For this purpose, human and murine lung cancer cells were treated with two commonly used chemotherapeutics: cisplatin (CIS), which forms DNA adducts or docetaxel (DOC), a microtubule poison. Hypoxia, often overlooked in experimental settings, has been implicated as a mechanism responsible for a significant change in the response to treatment. Thus, cells were cultured under normoxic (~19% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. Herein, we show that hypoxia increases resistance to CIS. Lung cancer cells cultured under hypoxic conditions escaped from CIS-induced senescence, displayed reduced SA-β-gal activity and a decreased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In turn, hypoxia increased the proliferation of lung cancer cells and the proportion of cells proceeding to the G0/G1 phase. Further molecular analyses demonstrated that hypoxia inhibited the prosenescent p53/p21 signaling pathway and induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in CIS-treated cancer cells. In cells treated with DOC, such effects were not observed. Of importance, pharmacological autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was capable of overcoming short-term CIS-induced resistance of lung cancer cells in hypoxic conditions. Altogether, our data demonstrated that hypoxia favors cancer cell escape from CIS-induced senescence, what could be overcome by inhibition of autophagy with HCQ. Therefore, we propose that HCQ might be used to interfere with the ability of senescent cancer cells to repopulate following exposure to DNA-damaging agents. This effect, however, needs to be tested in a long-term perspective for preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Granica
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Karolczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zglinicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Halina Was,
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16
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The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition at the Crossroads between Metabolism and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020800. [PMID: 35054987 PMCID: PMC8776206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype is emerging as a key determinant of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. It is a plastic process in which epithelial cells first acquire the ability to invade the extracellular matrix and migrate into the bloodstream via transdifferentiation into mesenchymal cells, a phenomenon known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and then reacquire the epithelial phenotype, the reverse process called mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), to colonize a new organ. During all metastatic stages, metabolic changes, which give cancer cells the ability to adapt to increased energy demand and to withstand a hostile new environment, are also important determinants of successful cancer progression. In this review, we describe the complex interaction between EMT and metabolism during tumor progression. First, we outline the main connections between the two processes, with particular emphasis on the role of cancer stem cells and LncRNAs. Then, we focus on some specific cancers, such as breast, lung, and thyroid cancer.
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17
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Kałafut J, Czerwonka A, Anameriç A, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Misiorek JO, Rivero-Müller A, Nees M. Shooting at Moving and Hidden Targets-Tumour Cell Plasticity and the Notch Signalling Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6219. [PMID: 34944837 PMCID: PMC8699303 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is often aggressive, with poor response to current therapies in approximately 40-50% of the patients. Current therapies are restricted to operation and irradiation, often combined with a small number of standard-of-care chemotherapeutic drugs, preferentially for advanced tumour patients. Only very recently, newer targeted therapies have entered the clinics, including Cetuximab, which targets the EGF receptor (EGFR), and several immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the immune receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1. HNSCC tumour tissues are characterized by a high degree of intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH), and non-genetic alterations that may affect both non-transformed cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and transformed carcinoma cells. This very high degree of heterogeneity likely contributes to acquired drug resistance, tumour dormancy, relapse, and distant or lymph node metastasis. ITH, in turn, is likely promoted by pronounced tumour cell plasticity, which manifests in highly dynamic and reversible phenomena such as of partial or hybrid forms of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and enhanced tumour stemness. Stemness and tumour cell plasticity are strongly promoted by Notch signalling, which remains poorly understood especially in HNSCC. Here, we aim to elucidate how Notch signal may act both as a tumour suppressor and proto-oncogenic, probably during different stages of tumour cell initiation and progression. Notch signalling also interacts with numerous other signalling pathways, that may also have a decisive impact on tumour cell plasticity, acquired radio/chemoresistance, and metastatic progression of HNSCC. We outline the current stage of research related to Notch signalling, and how this pathway may be intricately interconnected with other, druggable targets and signalling mechanisms in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Alinda Anameriç
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska-Podstawka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Julia O. Misiorek
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Matthias Nees
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
- Western Finland Cancer Centre (FICAN West), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20101 Turku, Finland
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18
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Effects of the Combined Treatment with a G-Quadruplex-Stabilizing Ligand and Photon Beams on Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells: A Magnetic Resonance Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312709. [PMID: 34884511 PMCID: PMC8657890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis and high rates of chemo-radiotherapy failure, mainly due to a small cell fraction with stem-like properties (GSCs). The mechanisms underlying GSC response to radiation need to be elucidated to enhance sensitivity to treatments and to develop new therapeutic strategies. In a previous study, two GSC lines, named line #1 and line #83, responded differently to carbon ions and photon beams, with the differences likely attributable to their own different metabolic fingerprint rather than to radiation type. Data from the literature showed the capability of RHPS4, a G-quadruplex stabilizing ligand, to sensitize the glioblastoma radioresistant U251MG cells to X-rays. The combined metabolic effect of ligand #190, a new RHPS4-derivative showing reduced cardiotoxicity, and a photon beam has been monitored by magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy for the two GSC lines, #1 and #83, to reveal whether a synergistic response occurs. MR spectra from both lines were affected by single and combined treatments, but the variations of the analysed metabolites were statistically significant mainly in line #1, without synergistic effects due to combination. The multivariate analysis of ten metabolites shows a separation between control and treated samples in line #1 regardless of treatment type, while separation was not detected in line #83.
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19
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Fontana F, Limonta P. The multifaceted roles of mitochondria at the crossroads of cell life and death in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:203-221. [PMID: 34597798 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the cytoplasmic organelles mostly known as the "electric engine" of the cells; however, they also play pivotal roles in different biological processes, such as cell growth/apoptosis, Ca2+ and redox homeostasis, and cell stemness. In cancer cells, mitochondria undergo peculiar functional and structural dynamics involved in the survival/death fate of the cell. Cancer cells use glycolysis to support macromolecular biosynthesis and energy production ("Warburg effect"); however, mitochondrial OXPHOS has been shown to be still active during carcinogenesis and even exacerbated in drug-resistant and stem cancer cells. This metabolic rewiring is associated with mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial metabolic enzymes ("oncometabolites"), alterations of ROS production and redox biology, and a fine-tuned balance between anti-/proapoptotic proteins. In cancer cells, mitochondria also experience dynamic alterations from the structural point of view undergoing coordinated cycles of biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, and physically communicating with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through the Ca2+ flux, at the MAM (mitochondria-associated membranes) levels. This review addresses the peculiar mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in cancer cells and their role in coordinating the balance between cell survival and death. The role of mitochondrial dynamics as effective biomarkers of tumor progression and promising targets for anticancer strategies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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20
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Derived Heterogeneity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215355. [PMID: 34771518 PMCID: PMC8582421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common malignancies with considerable morbidity and a high death toll worldwide. Resistance towards multi-modal therapy modalities composed of surgery, irradiation, chemo- and immunotherapy represents a major obstacle in the efficient treatment of HNSCC patients. Patients frequently show nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis and endure early relapses, oftentimes in the form of local recurrences. Differentiation programs such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allow individual tumor cells to adopt cellular functions that are central to the development of metastases and treatment resistance. In the present review article, the molecular basis and regulation of EMT and its impact on the progression of HNSCC will be addressed. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common tumors with a poor overall prognosis. Poor survival is resulting from limited response to multi-modal therapy, high incidence of metastasis, and local recurrence. Treatment includes surgery, radio(chemo)therapy, and targeted therapy specific for EGFR and immune checkpoint inhibition. The understanding of the molecular basis for the poor outcome of HNSCC was improved using multi-OMICs approaches, which revealed a strong degree of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) at the level of DNA mutations, transcriptome, and (phospho)proteome. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified RNA-expression signatures related to cell cycle, cell stress, hypoxia, epithelial differentiation, and a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (pEMT). The latter signature was correlated to nodal involvement and adverse clinical features. Mechanistically, shifts towards a mesenchymal phenotype equips tumor cells with migratory and invasive capacities and with an enhanced resistance to standard therapy. Hence, gradual variations of EMT as observed in HNSCC represent a potent driver of tumor progression that could open new paths to improve the stratification of patients and to innovate approaches to break therapy resistance. These aspects of molecular heterogeneity will be discussed in the present review.
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21
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Liang X, Yan Z, Wang P, Liu Y, Ao X, Liu Z, Wang D, Liu X, Zhu M, Gao S, Xie D, Zhou P, Gu Y. Irradiation Activates MZF1 to Inhibit miR-541-5p Expression and Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (RIPF) by Upregulating Slug. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11309. [PMID: 34768749 PMCID: PMC8582843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding miRNAs regulatory roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) would help establish new avenues for further uncovering the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) and identifying preventative and therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrated that miR-541-5p repression by Myeloid Zinc Finger 1 (MZF1) promotes radiation-induced EMT and RIPF. Irradiation could decrease miR-541-5p expression in vitro and in vivo and inversely correlated to RIPF development. Ectopic miR-541-5p expression suppressed radiation-induced-EMT in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of Slug, the functional target of miR-541-5p, inhibited EMT induction by irradiation. The upregulation of transcription factor MZF1 upon irradiation inhibited the expression of endogenous miR-541-5p and its primary precursor (pri-miR-541-5p), which regulated the effect of the Slug on the EMT process. Our finding showed that ectopic miR-541-5p expression mitigated RIPF in mice by targeting Slug. Thus, irradiation activates MZF1 to downregulate miR-541-5p in alveolar epithelial cells, promoting EMT and contributing to RIPF by targeting Slug. Our observation provides further understanding of the development of RIPF and determines potential preventative and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.L.); (X.A.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Ziyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.L.); (X.A.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
| | - Duo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Dafei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.L.); (X.A.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Z.Y.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.); (M.Z.); (S.G.); (D.X.)
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22
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Hu J, Zhang L, Chen W, Shen L, Jiang J, Sun S, Chen Z. Role of Intra- and Extracellular Lipid Signals in Cancer Stemness and Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730751. [PMID: 34603046 PMCID: PMC8479196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence showed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play significant roles in cancer initiation, resistance to therapy, recurrence and metastasis. Cancer stem cells possess the ability of self-renewal and can initiate tumor growth and avoid lethal factors through flexible metabolic reprogramming. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been reported to be involved in the cancer stemness and promote the development of cancer. Lipid metabolism includes lipid uptake, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, and lipid desaturation. Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to ferroptosis of CSCs. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the role of intra- and extracellular lipid signals in cancer stemness, and explored the feasibility of using lipid metabolism-related treatment strategies for future cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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