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Hino C, Xu Y, Xiao J, Baylink DJ, Reeves ME, Cao H. The potential role of the thymus in immunotherapies for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102517. [PMID: 36814919 PMCID: PMC9940763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors which shape T-lymphocyte immunity is critical for the development and application of future immunotherapeutic strategies in treating hematological malignancies. The thymus, a specialized central lymphoid organ, plays important roles in generating a diverse T lymphocyte repertoire during the infantile and juvenile stages of humans. However, age-associated thymic involution and diseases or treatment associated injury result in a decline in its continuous role in the maintenance of T cell-mediated anti-tumor/virus immunity. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy that mainly affects older adults, and the disease's progression is known to consist of an impaired immune surveillance including a reduction in naïve T cell output, a restriction in T cell receptor repertoire, and an increase in frequencies of regulatory T cells. As one of the most successful immunotherapies thus far developed for malignancy, T-cell-based adoptive cell therapies could be essential for the development of a durable effective treatment to eliminate residue leukemic cells (blasts) and prevent AML relapse. Thus, a detailed cellular and molecular landscape of how the adult thymus functions within the context of the AML microenvironment will provide new insights into both the immune-related pathogenesis and the regeneration of a functional immune system against leukemia in AML patients. Herein, we review the available evidence supporting the potential correlation between thymic dysfunction and T-lymphocyte impairment with the ontogeny of AML (II-VI). We then discuss how the thymus could impact current and future therapeutic approaches in AML (VII). Finally, we review various strategies to rejuvenate thymic function to improve the precision and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy (VIII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Xiao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - David J Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Huynh Cao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Enhanced MCM5 Level Predicts Bad Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00623-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal heterogeneous hematologic malignancy. There is an urgent need to identify potential biomarkers to better classify sufferers with bad outcomes that might need more advanced treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate prognostic indicators that predict the outcome of sufferers with AML. The datasets of AML sufferers including mRNA sequencing data and clinical information were acquired from GEO datasets (GSE38865) and TCGA datasets. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis to screen genes correlated to survival. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses biological process analysis were utilized in verifying the function of various genes. Sufferers with elevated MCM5 level exhibited a worse prognosis, according to the survival analysis. It was indicated through multivariate and univariate analysis that MCM5 level was an independent adverse prognostic element for over survival in AML sufferers based on GEO and TCGA datasets. Meanwhile, MCM5 level in AML samples was higher than in normal samples. Additionally, it was indicated through PPI network and functional enrichment analyses that through accelerating cell cycle and DNA replication, MCM5 promoted AML progression. In conclusions, MCM5 level was an independent poor prognostic element in AML sufferers based on GEO and TCGA datasets. This is the first time that MCM5 is reported to be a biomarker of poor prognosis in AML.
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Mo J, Lu Y, Xing T, Xu D, Zhang K, Zhang S, Wang Y, Yan G, Lan G, Liang J. Blood metabolic and physiological profiles of Bama miniature pigs at different growth stages. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:35. [PMID: 35941611 PMCID: PMC9358802 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bama miniature pigs aged between six (6 M) and twelve months (12 M) are usually used in human medical research as laboratory pigs. However, the difference in serum metabolic profiles from 6 to 12 M-old pigs remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the metabolic and physiological profiles present in the blood to further explain changes in Bama miniature pig growth. We collected blood samples from 6 M-, eight-month- (8 M-), ten-month- (10 M-), and 12 M-old healthy Guangxi Bama miniature pigs. A total of 20 blood physiological indices (BPIs) were measured: seven for white blood cells, eight for red blood cells, and five for platelet indices. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomic approaches were used to analyze the difference in metabolites. The associations between the differences were calculated using Spearman correlations with Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment. The 100 most abundant differential metabolites were selected for analysis of their metabolic profiles. Results There were no significant differences in BPIs at different ages, but the mid cell ratio and red blood cell number increased with age. Seven BPIs in Bama miniature pigs were closer to human BPIs than to mouse BPIs. A total of 14 and 25 significant differential metabolites were identified in 6 M vs. 12 M and 8 M vs. 12 M, respectively. In total, 9 and 18 amino acids and their derivatives showed significantly lower concentrations in 6 M- and 8 M-old pigs than in 12 M-old pigs. They were identified as the core significantly different metabolites between the age groups 6 M vs. 12 M and 8 M vs. 12 M. Half of the enriched pathways were the amino acids metabolism pathways. The concentration of six amino acids (dl-tryptophan, phenylacetylglycine, muramic acid, N-acetylornithine, l(−)-pipecolinic acid, and creatine) and their derivatives increased with age. A total of 61 of the top 100 most abundant metabolites were annotated. The metabolic profiles contained 14 amino acids and derivatives, six bile acids and derivatives, 19 fatty acids and derivatives, and 22 others. The concentrations of fatty acids and derivatives were found to be inversely proportional to those of amino acids and derivatives. Conclusion These findings suggest high levels of MID cell ratio, red blood count, and amino acids in 12 M-old pigs as indicators for improved body function over time in Bama miniature pigs, similar to those in human development. This makes the pig a more suitable medical model organism than the mouse. The results of this study are limited to the characteristics of blood metabolism in the inbred Bama miniature pigs, and the effects of impacting factors such as breed, age, sex, health status and nutritional level should be considered when studying other pig populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40813-022-00278-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Li D, Zhang Q, Fu J, Fan S. Targeting FHL1 impairs cell proliferation and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:301-308. [PMID: 35916339 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) is considered to play important roles in tumors. This study aims to investigate the role and precise mechanisms of FHL1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we found that FHL1 was highly expressed in AML. CCK8, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis of cell cycle-related proteins showed that overexpression of FHL1 promoted proliferation and accelerated cell cycle progression in HL-60 cells. Conversely, knockdown of FHL1 inhibited the proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in KG-1 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of FHL1 promoted cell differentiation, while overexpression of FHL1 restrained all-trans retinoic acid induced cell differentiation in HL-60 cells, revealed by Wright-Giemsa staining and cell surface antigen analysis. Moreover, in vivo experiments revealed that depletion of FHL1 inhibited tumor growth and led to increased levels of CD11b and CD14. Here, we first identify an unexpected and important role of FHL1 that contributes to the AML progression, indicating that FHL1 may be a potential therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huibo Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinyue Fu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shengjin Fan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Tan F, Chen J, Wang B, Du Z, Mou J, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhao F, Yuan C. LncRNA SBF2-AS1: A Budding Star in Various Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1513-1522. [PMID: 35440300 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220418131506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a new kind of RNA with lengths over 200 nucleotides. Current frontiers revealed that lncRNAs implicate in various tumor progression, including tumorigenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Recently discovered long non-coding RNA SET-binding factor 2 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA SBF2-AS1), an oncogenic antisense RNA to SBF2, locates at 11p15.1 locus and is 2708 nt long. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that lncRNA SBF2-AS1 participates in various tumor progression including pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cancer (GC), glioma, glioblastoma (GBM), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer (LC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), osteosarcoma (OS), pancreatic cancer (PC), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Therefore, we summarized the underlying mechanisms about lncRNA SBF2-AS1 in various cancers to utilize its therapeutic function in target-selective treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangshun Tan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jinlan Chen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhuoying Du
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yinxin Wu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fangnan Zhao
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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Thakral D, Gupta R, Khan A. Leukemic stem cell signatures in Acute myeloid leukemia- targeting the Guardians with novel approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1756-1773. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Paterno G, Guarnera L, Palmieri R, Del Prete V, Bonanni F, Buzzatti E, Moretti F, Casciani P, Savi A, Di Cave D, Maurillo L, Buccisano F, Venditti A, Del Principe MI. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukaemia. Mycoses 2021; 65:233-238. [PMID: 34883533 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV infection, undergoing cancer chemotherapy or organ transplant, have led to the development of guidelines on the use of prophylaxis to prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), in these specific conditions. Instead, since the association between PJP and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is not clearly defined, the role of prophylaxis in patients with AML is not yet established. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 251 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed non-M3-AML, admitted at the Hematology Unit of University Tor Vergata in Rome, during the period 2010-2020. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of PJP among AML patients during their first hospital admission, and to identify subjects at a high risk to develop PJP. RESULTS Among 251 consecutive patients with non-M3-AML, 67 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed. PJP was proven in 11/67 (16.7%) subjects undergoing BAL (11 males, median age 71 years), with an incidence of 4.3%. The most common reason for BAL execution were radiological findings such as ground-glass opacities (6/11, 55%) and atypical patterns like consolidations and nodules (5/11, 45%). One patient died because of PJP after 11 days of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy. In multivariate analysis older age and smoking habit were independent factors significantly associated with PJP (p = .021 and 0.017 respectively). CONCLUSION We conclude that PJP infection is not uncommon among patients with AML. If intensive chemotherapy is planned, physicians should be aware of this risk and prophylaxis should be considered, particularly in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Prete
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bonanni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Buzzatti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Moretti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Casciani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Savi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - David Di Cave
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Maurillo
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Buccisano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ilaria Del Principe
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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