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Al-Rawi DH, Lettera E, Li J, DiBona M, Bakhoum SF. Targeting chromosomal instability in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:645-659. [PMID: 38992122 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and a driver of metastatic dissemination, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. CIN is present in 60-80% of human cancers and poses a formidable therapeutic challenge as evidenced by the lack of clinically approved drugs that directly target CIN. This limitation in part reflects a lack of well-defined druggable targets as well as a dearth of tractable biomarkers enabling direct assessment and quantification of CIN in patients with cancer. Over the past decade, however, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms and consequences of CIN has greatly expanded, revealing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chromosomally unstable tumours as well as new methods of assessing the dynamic nature of chromosome segregation errors that define CIN. In this Review, we describe advances that have shaped our understanding of CIN from a translational perspective, highlighting both challenges and opportunities in the development of therapeutic interventions for patients with chromosomally unstable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa H Al-Rawi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuele Lettera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody DiBona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Li W, Ma SY, Zhao HY. Transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in senile acute myeloid leukemia and correlation with prognosis. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4121-4129. [PMID: 39015902 PMCID: PMC11235523 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease in which immature hematopoietic cells accumulate in the bone marrow and continuously expand, inhibiting hematopoiesis. The treatment and prognosis of this disease have always been unsatisfactory. AIM To investigate the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) expression and prognosis in older adults with AML. METHODS This study enrolled 80 patients with AML (AML group), including 36 with complete response (AML-CR), 23 with partial response (AML-PR), and 21 with no response (AML-NR). The expression levels of VEGF and TGFβ1 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from 56 healthy controls. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess overall survival (OS) and progression- or disease-free survival (DFS). Prognostic risk factors were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The AML group showed a VEGF level of 2.68 ± 0.16. VEGF expression was lower in patients with AML-CR than those with AML-PR or AML-NR (P < 0.05). TGFβ1 expression in the AML group was 0.33 ± 0.05. Patients with AML-CR showed a higher TGFβ1 expression than those with AML-PR or AML-NR (P < 0.05). VEGF and TGFβ1 expression in patients with AML was significantly correlated with the counts of leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, and peripheral blood immature cells (P < 0.05); Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with high TGFβ1 expression had better OS and DFS than those with low TGFβ1 expression (P < 0.05), whereas patients with low VEGF levels showed better OS and DFS than those with high VEGF levels (P < 0.05). VEGF, TGFβ1, and platelet count were identified by the Cox proportional hazards model as independent risk factors for OS (P < 0.05), while VEGF, TGFβ1, and white blood cell count were independent risk factors for DFS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Decreased VEGF expression and increased TGFβ1 expression in patients with AML provide valuable references for determining and individualizing clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- Department of Hematology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui-Ying Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China
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Kim N, Hahn S, Choi YJ, Cho H, Chung H, Jang JE, Lyu CJ, Lee ST, Choi JR, Cheong JW, Shin S. Comprehensive insights into AML relapse: genetic mutations, clonal evolution, and clinical outcomes. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:174. [PMID: 38764048 PMCID: PMC11103850 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid precursor cells within bone marrow. Despite advances in understanding of its molecular underpinnings, AML remains a therapeutic challenge due to its high relapse rate and clonal evolution. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 24 AML patients diagnosed at a single institution between January 2017 and August 2023. Comprehensive genetic analyses, including chromosomal karyotyping, next-generation sequencing, and gene fusion assays, were performed on bone marrow samples obtained at initial diagnosis and relapse. Clinical data, treatment regimens, and patient outcomes were also documented. RESULTS Mutations in core genes of FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A, and IDH2 were frequently discovered in diagnostic sample and remained in relapse sample. FLT3-ITD, TP53, KIT, RUNX1, and WT1 mutation were acquired at relapse in one patient each. Gene fusion assays revealed stable patterns, while chromosomal karyotype analyses indicated a greater diversity of mutations in relapsed patients. Clonal evolution patterns varied, with some cases showing linear or branching evolution and others exhibiting no substantial change in core mutations between diagnosis and relapse. CONCLUSIONS Our study integrates karyotype, gene rearrangements, and gene mutation results to provide a further understanding of AML heterogeneity and evolution. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of specific mutations and clonal evolution patterns, emphasizing the need for personalized therapies and measurable residual disease monitoring in AML management. By bridging the gap between genetics and clinical outcome, we move closer to tailored AML therapies and improved patient prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namsoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seungmin Hahn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Cho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Haerim Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Chuhl Joo Lyu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Dxome Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Dxome Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - June-Won Cheong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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4
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Liang S, Yao M, Zheng H, Hu D, Wang Y. Genetically predicted telomere length and the risk of 11 hematological diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4270-4281. [PMID: 38393686 PMCID: PMC10968687 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that various hematologic diseases (HDs) induce alterations in telomere length (TL). The aim of this study is to investigate whether genetically predicted changes in TL have an impact on the risk of developing HDs. METHODS GWAS data for TL and 11 HDs were extracted from the database. The R software package "TwoSampleMR" was employed to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, in order to estimate the influence of TL changes on the risk of developing the 11 HDs. RESULTS We examined the effect of TL changes on the risk of developing the 11 HDs. The IVW results revealed a significant causal association between genetically predicted longer TL and the risk of developing acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MANTLE), and hodgkin lymphoma (HODGKIN). However, there was no significant causal relationship observed between TL changes and the risk of developing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), marginal zone b-cell lymphoma (MARGINAL), follicular lymphoma (FOLLICULAR), monocytic leukemia (MONOCYTIC), and mature T/NK-cell lymphomas (TNK). CONCLUSIONS The MR analysis revealed a positive association between genetically predicted longer TL and an increased risk of developing ALL, AML, CLL, MANTLE, and HODGKIN. This study further supports the notion that cells with longer TL have greater proliferative and mutational potential, leading to an increased risk of certain HDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shibing Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Minghao Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongqing Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Campos Gudiño R, Rutherford KA, McManus KJ. Evaluating Chromosome Instability and Genotoxicity Through Single Cell Quantitative Imaging Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2825:309-331. [PMID: 38913318 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Across eukaryotes, genome stability is essential for normal cell function, physiology, and species survival. Aberrant expression of key genes or exposure to genotoxic agents can have detrimental effects on genome stability and contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Chromosome instability (CIN), or ongoing changes in chromosome complements, is a frequent form of genome instability observed in cancer and is a driver of genetic and cell-to-cell heterogeneity that can be rapidly detected and quantitatively assessed using surrogate markers of CIN. For example, single cell quantitative imaging microscopy (QuantIM) can be used to simultaneously identify changes in nuclear areas and micronucleus formation. While changes in nuclear areas are often associated with large-scale changes in chromosome complements (i.e., ploidy), micronuclei are small extra-nuclear bodies found outside the primary nucleus that have previously been employed as a measure of genotoxicity of test compounds. Here, we present a facile QuantIM approach that allows for the rapid assessment and quantification of CIN associated phenotypes and genotoxicity. First, we provide protocols to optimize and execute CIN and genotoxicity assays. Secondly, we present the critical imaging settings, optimization steps, downstream statistical analyses, and data visualization strategies employed to obtain high quality and robust data. These approaches can be easily applied to assess the prevalence of CIN associated phenotypes and genotoxic stress for a myriad of experimental and clinical contexts ranging from direct tests to large-scale screens of various genetic contexts (i.e., aberrant gene expression) or chemical compounds. In summary, this QuantIM approach facilitates the identification of novel CIN genes and/or genotoxic agents that will provide greater insight into the aberrant genes and pathways underlying CIN and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Campos Gudiño
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kailee A Rutherford
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Kwentoh I, Bugayong ML, Olusoji R, McPherson T, Ahluwalia M. Rare Ring Chromosome [r(15)]: Cytogenetic Abnormality in TP53-Mutated De Novo AML-M4 Masked as Gastrointestinal Bleed With Rapidly Progressing Hyperleukocytosis and Leukostasis. Cureus 2023; 15:e46119. [PMID: 37779685 PMCID: PMC10536451 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53-mutated (TP53m) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises only 5-15% of de novo AML, associated with poor survival outcomes due to its resistance to conventional therapy. Ring chromosomes, an even more rare subset of genetic anomalies, occur in only 2% of cases. We report a unique case of de novo AML with both TP53 and ring chromosome anomalies leading to a catastrophic outcome in a 72-year-old male who initially presented with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and urethral stone status post-cystoscopy with J-stent placement. He had no history of chemotherapy use, radiation, benzene exposure, or any other risk factors except for his age. He was noted to have pancytopenia, for which bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic studies were done. Biopsy reported an interesting next-generation sequenced TP53-mutated AML, which correlates with a low rate of response to standard chemotherapy except for bone marrow transplants. Notably, with a complex aberration of 45 XY with multiple translocations (t), deletions (del), inversions (inv), derivative (der) breakpoints, aneuploidy, and rare ring and maker chromosomes, his case was complicated with rapid-onset and very severe hyperleucostasis, reflecting the prognostic value of this rare cytogenetic configuration. The patient expired within 48 hours of diagnosis, despite the urgent initiation of cytoreductive therapy and the mitigation of tumor lysis syndrome with Rasburicase. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first AML-M4 patients with rapid-onset leucostasis and the demise of next-generation sequences (NGS) in a de Novo AML patient with this rare complex combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Kwentoh
- Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Internal Medicine, Columbia University at Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Rahman Olusoji
- Internal Medicine, Columbia University at Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Tasheka McPherson
- Internal Medicine, Columbia University at Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Meena Ahluwalia
- Oncology, Columbia University at Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
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7
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Boroumand-Noughabi S, Pashaee A, Montazer M, Rahmati A, Ayatollahi H, Sadeghian MH, Keramati MR. Investigating the Expression Pattern of the SETMAR Gene Transcript Variants in Childhood Acute Leukemia: Revisiting an Old Gene. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e603-e608. [PMID: 36706314 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chimeric enzyme SETMAR (or Metnase) has been associated with several DNA processes, including DNA damage repair through the non-homologous joining pathway and suppression of chromosomal translocation in mouse fibroblasts. SETMAR overexpression has been reported in certain cancers suggesting that it might contribute to the establishment or progression of these cancers. In leukemia, the SETMAR gene transcript variants have not been widely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify 3 predominant SETMAR variants in 2 types of childhood acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS In this study, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the relative expression of 3 SETMAR transcript variants (Var 1, Var 2, and Var A) were evaluated in the bone marrow samples collected from 30 newly diagnosed patients with AML, 65 newly diagnosed patients with ALL, and 15 healthy individuals. RESULTS The expression of SETMAR variants 1 and A were significantly higher in AML patients compared with controls ( P =0.02, and P =0.009, respectively). Variant A expression was significantly higher in ALL compared with controls ( P =0.003). When comparing the expression in translocation-positive and negative subgroups, the expression of variant 1 was significantly higher in translocation-positive ALL patients ( P =0.03). The variants' distribution patterns differed concerning translocation status ( P =0.041), as variants 1 and A were dominant in the translocation-positive ALL group, and variant 2 was more prevalent in translocation-negative ones. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, SETMAR showed increased expression in pediatric acute leukemia's bone marrow samples, indicating a role for this molecule in leukemia pathogenesis. As this is the first report of SETMAR expression in pediatric leukemias, further studies are needed to investigate the causality of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | | | | | - Atefe Rahmati
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
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8
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Shi H, Gao L, Zhang W, Jiang M. Long non-coding RNAs regulate treatment outcome in leukemia: What have we learnt recently? Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37148556 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of highly heterogeneous and life-threatening blood cancers that originate from abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. Multiple treatments are approved for leukemia, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance occurs in a substantial proportion of patients and greatly compromises the treatment efficacy of leukemia, resulting in relapse and mortality. The abnormal activity of receptor tyrosine kinases, cell membrane transporters, intracellular signal transducers, transcription factors, and anti-apoptotic proteins have been shown to contribute to the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Despite these findings, the exact mechanisms of treatment resistance are still not fully understood, which limits the development of effective measures to overcome it. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a class of regulatory molecules that are gaining increasing attention, and lncRNA-mediated regulation of therapeutic resistance against multiple drugs for leukemia is being revealed. These dysregulated lncRNAs not only serve as potential targets to reduce resistance but also might improve treatment response prediction and individualized treatment decision. Here, we summarize the recent findings on lncRNA-mediated regulation of therapeutic resistance in leukemia and discuss future perspectives on how to make use of the dysregulated lncRNAs in leukemia to improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Rahmati A, Mafi A, Soleymani F, Babaei Aghdam Z, Masihipour N, Ghezelbash B, Asemi R, Aschner M, Vakili O, Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Sharifi M, Azadi A, Mirzaei H, Aghadavod E. Circular RNAs: pivotal role in the leukemogenesis and novel indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149187. [PMID: 37124518 PMCID: PMC10140500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy and affected patients have poor overall survival (OS) rates. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a unique loop structure. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput RNA sequencing, many circRNAs have been identified exhibiting either up-regulation or down-regulation in AML patients compared with healthy controls. Recent studies have reported that circRNAs regulate leukemia cell proliferation, stemness, and apoptosis, both positively and negatively. Additionally, circRNAs could be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AML. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the regulatory roles and potentials of a number of dysregulated circRNAs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Rahmati
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firooze Soleymani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Babaei Aghdam
- Imaging Sciences Research Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Masihipour
- Department of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Azadi, ; Esmat Aghadavod, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Azadi, ; Esmat Aghadavod, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
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10
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Khairwa A, Kotru M, Dewan P, Narang S. Morphological markers of chromosomal instability in bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:418-422. [PMID: 36258637 DOI: 10.1002/em.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of chromosomal instability (CI) in oncogenesis is very well described in solid tumours, but there are a lack of studies on haematology malignancy, especially with multiple morphological markers. The study aims to analyze seven morphological markers of CI- chromatin bridges (CB), multipolar mitosis (MPM), nuclear budding (NB), micronuclei (MN), nuclear heterogeneity (NH), laggards, chromatin strings (CS) in bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and biopsy of acute leukaemia (AL), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It is a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study where BMA and biopsy were reviewed for CI markers. We compared CI markers in five categories. CI markers were further correlated with clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients. The study included 54 samples of 37 patients. Overall, the median (IQR) of markers were as follows: MN 3.5 (1,7), NB 5 (1,18), MPM 1 (0,4), CB 1(0,2), Laggards 0 (0,1), and CS 2.5 (0,6). NH was noted in 65.4% of samples. All CI markers except laggards were significantly increased in B-ALL, AML, and MDS compared to other categories. Many CI markers were significantly raised with a few clinical features. The MN, MPM, Laggard, and NH markers were significantly increased in the dead patients compared to those who survived. The study, one of the first to analyze multiple CI markers, revealed that the CI markers were significantly increased in AL and MDS patients and significantly associated with clinical manifestations and outcomes. Morphology markers of CI are valuable and cost-effective in diagnostic strategy, type of malignancies, and assessing prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Khairwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mrinalini Kotru
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Dewan
- Department of Paediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shiva Narang
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Wang W, Luo Q, Chen Q, Pang A, Fang K. Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Azacytidine + Venetoclax in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Relapsed Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8691835. [PMID: 36276872 PMCID: PMC9586720 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8691835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of azacytidine + venetoclax in the treatment of elderly patients with relapsed refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Method The present study included 20 elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML from January 2019 to January 2021. These patients were randomized into treatment groups (n = 10, azacytidine alone) and control groups (n = 10, azacytidine + venetoclax) by a random number table. The differences in efficacy, adverse reactions, hematology parameters, and immune functions in elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML in two groups were analyzed. Results The total efficiency for elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML was 90.00% and significantly higher than that in the control group (40.00%), P < 0.05; PLT and WBC after treatment in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and Hb was significantly lower than in the control group, P < 0.05; CD4+, CD3+, and CD4+/CD8+ after treatment in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, P < 0.05; CD4+, CD3+, and CD4+/CD8+ after treatment were not significantly different between the two groups, P > 0.05; the incidences of adverse reactions were not significantly different between the two groups, P > 0.05. Conclusion Azacytidine + venetoclax in the treatment of elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML could improve efficacy and hematology parameters with high safety, which is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Quanfang Luo
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Qinpin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Aiping Pang
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Kuiyan Fang
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
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12
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Gouda MBY, Zidane MA, Abdelhady AS, Hassan NM. Expression and prognostic significance of chromatin modulators EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1340-1355. [PMID: 35696556 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics factors are critical for normal cell function and their regulation is sensitive to malignancy development. EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b are key epigenetics players in different cancer types. However, their expression profiles and related consequences in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have not been known yet. In addition to routine lab work, expression levels of EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b were determined in 110 adult and pediatric patients with De Novo AML. Relations between their expression and patients' clinical data were tested by statistical methods. EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b were highly expressed in AML patients against control cases and associated with the presence of adverse genomic alterations. In response to induction chemotherapy, EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b showed to be significantly high in resistant and relapsed patients in comparison to the complete remission group. KDM2b overexpression was associated with CD11c (integrin alpha X) downregulation. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b overexpression was correlated with poor survival status in AML patients. We conclude that EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b expression levels could be used as independent prognostic factors for AML disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud B Y Gouda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Zidane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa M Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Milczarek S, Studniak E, Baumert B, Janowski M, Bonda W, Pietrzak J, Łanocha A, Paczkowska E, Zdziarska B, Machaliński B. Case of Patient with AML with Complex Karyotype including Ultra-Rare t(4;8)(q32;q13), t(4;11)(q21;p15) and Familial Aggregation of Myeloid Malignancies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58010105. [PMID: 35056413 PMCID: PMC8780170 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a unique case of a young woman with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with complex karyotype. The presence of the t(4;11)(q23;p15) is extremely rare in myeloid leukemias, while t(4;8)(q32;q13) has not yet been described in any leukemia reference. Another interesting issue is the familial aggregation of myeloid malignancies and worse course of the disease in each subsequent generation, as well as an earlier onset of the disease. Our report emphasizes the need for thorough pedigree examination upon myeloid malignancy diagnosis as there are relatives for whom counseling, gene testing, and surveillance may be highly advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Milczarek
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
| | - Ewa Studniak
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
- Cytogenetic Unit, Independent Public Clinical Hospital nr 2, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
| | - Michał Janowski
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
| | - Wioleta Bonda
- Cytogenetic Unit, Independent Public Clinical Hospital nr 2, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Joanna Pietrzak
- Cytogenetic Unit, Independent Public Clinical Hospital nr 2, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Łanocha
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
| | - Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
| | - Barbara Zdziarska
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.J.); (A.Ł.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhou H, Liu W, Zhou Y, Hong Z, Ni J, Zhang X, Li Z, Li M, He W, Zhang D, Chen X, Zhu J. Therapeutic inhibition of GAS6-AS1/YBX1/MYC axis suppresses cell propagation and disease progression of acute myeloid leukemia. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:353. [PMID: 34753494 PMCID: PMC8576903 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. Its therapy has not significantly improved during the past four decades despite intense research efforts. New molecularly targeted therapies are in great need. The proto-oncogene c-Myc (MYC) is an attractive target due to its transactivation role in multiple signaling cascades. Deregulation of the MYC is considered one of a series of oncogenic events required for tumorigenesis. However, limited knowledge is available on which mechanism underlie MYC dysregulation and how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in MYC dysregulation in AML. METHODS AML microarray chips and public datasets were screened to identify novel lncRNA GAS6-AS1 was dysregulated in AML. Gain or loss of functional leukemia cell models were produced, and in vitro and in vivo experiments were applied to demonstrate its leukemogenic phenotypes. Interactive network analyses were performed to define intrinsic mechanism. RESULTS We identified GAS6-AS1 was overexpressed in AML, and its aberrant function lead to more aggressive leukemia phenotypes and poorer survival outcomes. We revealed that GAS6-AS1 directly binds Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) to facilitate its interaction with MYC, leading to MYC transactivation and upregulation of IL1R1, RAB27B and other MYC target genes associated with leukemia progression. Further, lentiviral-based GAS6-AS1 silencing inhibited leukemia progression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a previously unappreciated role of GAS6-AS1 as an oncogenic lncRNA in AML progression and prognostic prediction. Importantly, we demonstrated that therapeutic targeting of the GAS6-AS1/YBX1/MYC axis inhibits AML cellular propagation and disease progression. Our insight in lncRNA associated MYC-driven leukemogenesis may contribute to develop new anti-leukemia treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Oncology Clinical Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ziping Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenjuan He
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuexing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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15
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Xu X, Wang J, Tong T, Lin SF, Liu C, Zhou D. Evaluation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor, Pamiparib (BGB-290) in Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia and the Characterization of Its Nanocarrier. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2165-2175. [PMID: 34906277 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the continuous improvement of leukemia treatment in the clinic, the overall 5-year disease-free survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is only approximately 30%-60% due to relapse and the refractoriness of AML after traditional chemotherapy. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a member of the DNA damage repair complex, has a strong antitumor effect in solid tumors. However, the role of PARP in AML remains unclear. We found that high levels of PARP1 and PARP2 were positively related to chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in patients with AML. Doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant AML cells highly expressed PAPR1 and PARP2. Knockdown of PARP1 and PARP2, or pharmaceutical inhibition of PARP by the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) BGB-290, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX in AML cells due to increased DNA damage. PLGA-loading BGB-290 was properly self-assembled into stable BGB-290@PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), which is uniform particle size and good stability. BGB-290@PLGA is easily uptake by AML cell lines and stays for a long time. Combined with DOX, BGB-290@PLGA can significantly improve the chemosensitivity of AML cell lines. Furthermore, BGB-290 and DOX combination treatment dramatically repressed the onset of leukemia and prolonged the survival of THP-1 xenografted mice. Overall, this study demonstrated that PARPi with traditional chemotherapy could be an efficient therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shao-Fen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Congmin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 260000, China
| | - Dunhua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
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16
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Yılmaz H, Toy HI, Marquardt S, Karakülah G, Küçük C, Kontou PI, Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A. In Silico Methods for the Identification of Diagnostic and Favorable Prognostic Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179601. [PMID: 34502522 PMCID: PMC8431757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common type of acute leukemia in adults, is mainly asymptomatic at early stages and progresses/recurs rapidly and frequently. These attributes necessitate the identification of biomarkers for timely diagnosis and accurate prognosis. In this study, differential gene expression analysis was performed on large-scale transcriptomics data of AML patients versus corresponding normal tissue. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to construct networks of co-expressed genes, and detect gene modules. Finally, hub genes were identified from selected modules by applying network-based methods. This robust and integrative bioinformatics approach revealed a set of twenty-four genes, mainly related to cell cycle and immune response, the diagnostic significance of which was subsequently compared against two independent gene expression datasets. Furthermore, based on a recent notion suggesting that molecular characteristics of a few, unusual patients with exceptionally favorable survival can provide insights for improving the outcome of individuals with more typical disease trajectories, we defined groups of long-term survivors in AML patient cohorts and compared their transcriptomes versus the general population to infer favorable prognostic signatures. These findings could have potential applications in the clinical setting, in particular, in diagnosis and prognosis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Yılmaz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.Y.); (H.I.T.); (G.K.); (C.K.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Halil Ibrahim Toy
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.Y.); (H.I.T.); (G.K.); (C.K.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.Y.); (H.I.T.); (G.K.); (C.K.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Can Küçük
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.Y.); (H.I.T.); (G.K.); (C.K.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Panagiota I. Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece;
| | - Stella Logotheti
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.Y.); (H.I.T.); (G.K.); (C.K.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (A.P.)
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