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Liu L, Shi Z, Qiu X. Impact of bone metastasis on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:747-755. [PMID: 37566344 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review was implemented to examine the impact of bone metastasis on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to 4th September 2022. Multivariable adjusted data were pooled in a random-effects model. RESULTS 13 studies were included. On a combined analysis of 10 studies, it was noted that bony metastasis was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs (HR: 1.55 95% CI 1.24, 1.94 I2 = 69% p = 0.001). Meta-analysis of seven studies showed that bony metastasis was not associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs (HR: 1.31 95% CI 0.85, 2.01 I2 = 85% p = 0.22). Meta-regression analysis using the moderator's age, male gender, smoking history, squamous histology, and ICI as 1st line therapy for the outcome OS was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The presence of bone metastasis is a predictor of poor OS in NSCLC treated with ICIs. However, PFS does not seem to be influenced by the presence of bone metastasis. Clinicians should prioritize the management of NSCLC patients with bone metastasis and explore the use of combination therapies to achieve optimal results. Further studies taking into account different combination therapies for such patients would strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongyi Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingdong Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 27, Dashimen, Xinhe Street, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Mo Z, Lv L, Mai Q, Li Q, He J, Zhang T, Xu J, Fang J, Shi N, Gou Q, Chen X, Zhang J, Zhuang W, Jin H. Prognostic model for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with dual PD-1 and angiogenesis blockade therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008191. [PMID: 38290767 PMCID: PMC10828840 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dual programmed death 1 (PD-1) and angiogenesis blockade therapy is a frontline treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An accepted model for survival prediction and risk stratification in individual patients receiving this treatment is lacking. Aimed to develop a simple prognostic model specific to these patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS Patients with unresectable HCC undergoing dual PD-1 and angiogenesis blockade therapy were included in training cohort (n=168) and validation cohort (n=72). We investigated the prognostic value of clinical variables on overall survival using a Cox model in the training set. A prognostic score model was then developed and validated. Predictive performance and discrimination were also evaluated. Largest tumor size and Alpha-fetoprotein concentration at baseline and Neutrophil count and Spleen volume change after 6 weeks of treatment were identified as independent predictors of overall survival in multivariable analysis and used to develop LANS score. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis, calibration curves, and C-index showed LANS score had favorable performance in survival prediction. Patients were divided into three risk categories based on LANS score. Median survival for patients with low, intermediate, and high LANS scores was 31.7, 23.5, and 11.5 months, respectively (p<0.0001). The disease control rates were 96.4%, 64.3%, and 32.1%, respectively (p<0.0001). The predictive performance and risk stratification ability of the LANS score were confirmed in validation and entire cohorts. CONCLUSION The LANS score model can provide individualized survival prediction and risk stratification in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing dual PD-1 and angiogenesis blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Mo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Discases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for 0bstetricsc and Gynecology;The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qicong Mai
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwu Xu
- Department of Oncology and Peripheral Interventional Radiology, People's Hospital of Huazhou, Maoming, China
| | - Jiayan Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhang Zhuang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosheng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Grindel AL, Fretellier N, Soares M, Bouzakher N, Millot Maysounabe V, Santus R, Bawa O, Wintrebert M, Couquelet C, Robert P, Emile JF, Capron C. Antitumoral effect of local injection of TLR-9 agonist emulsified in Lipiodol with systemic anti-PD-1 in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1272246. [PMID: 38292484 PMCID: PMC10825566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Local treatments of cancer, including transarterial chemoembolization, could enhance responses to systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 antibodies. Lipiodol, a radiopaque oil, is widely used for transarterial chemoembolization as a tumor-targeting drug carrier and could be used in emulsion with immunomodulators. This study aimed at evaluating the antitumoral effect of intra-tumoral injection of Lipiodol-immunomodulator emulsions combined with systemic anti-PD-1 therapy in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma. Method Mice (male BALB/c) with anti-PD-1-resistant subcutaneous CT26 tumors were injected with immunomodulators, emulsified or not with Lipiodol (N=10-12/group). Results The TLR-9 agonist CpG displayed antitumor effects, while Poly I:C and QS21 did not. The Lipiodol-CpG emulsion appeared to be stable and maintained CpG within tumors for a longer time. Repeated intra-tumoral injections, combined with anti-PD-1, induced responses towards the tumor as well as to a distant metastatic-like nodule. This treatment was associated with an increase in proliferative CD8+ T cells and of IFN-γ expression, a decrease in proliferative regulatory T cells but also, surprisingly, an increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells. Conclusions Local administration of CpG emulsified with Lipiodol led to an effective antitumoral effect when combined to systemic anti-PD-1 therapy. Lipiodol, apart from its radiopaque properties, is an efficient drug-delivery system. The formulated oil-in-water emulsion allows efficient loading and control release of CpG, which induces favorable immune modifications in this murine tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Grindel
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Miguel Soares
- Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Nabiha Bouzakher
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Robin Santus
- Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- INSERM US23 Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse (AMMICA), Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Robert
- Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jean-Francois Emile
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
- Département d’anatomie Pathologique et de Cytologie, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Claude Capron
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
- Immunology and Hematology Department, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Liu M, Yan G, Li Y, You R, Liu L, Zhang D, Yang G, Dong X, Ding Y, Yan S, You D, Li Z. Preoperative splenic area as a prognostic biomarker of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:116. [PMID: 38041154 PMCID: PMC10691021 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between the preoperative splenic area measured on CT scans and the overall survival (OS) of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains unclear. METHODS A retrospective discovery cohort and validation cohort consisting of consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent resection and preoperative CT scans were created. The patients were divided into two groups based on the measurement of their preoperative splenic area: normal and abnormal. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyse the correlation between splenic area and OS. RESULTS The discovery and validation cohorts included 2532 patients (1374 (54.27%) males; median (IQR) age 59 (52-66) years) and 608 patients (403 (66.28%) males; age 69 (62-76) years), respectively. Patients with a normal splenic area had a 6% higher 5-year OS (n = 727 (80%)) than patients with an abnormal splenic area (n = 1805 (74%)) (p = 0.007) in the discovery cohort. A similar result was obtained in the validation cohort. In the univariable analysis, the OS hazard ratios (HRs) for the patients with abnormal splenic areas were 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.61) in the discovery cohort and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.50) in the validation cohort. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that abnormal splenic area was independent of shorter OS in the discovery (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.63) and validation cohorts (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.02). CONCLUSION Preoperative CT measurements of the splenic area serve as a prognostic indicator for early-stage NSCLC patients, offering a novel metric with potential implications for personalized therapeutic strategies in top-tier oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Guanghong Yan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ruiming You
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Lizhu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Dafu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Guangjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xingxiang Dong
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Shan Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China.
| | - Dingyun You
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China.
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Aslan V, Karabörk Kılıç AC, Özet A, Üner A, Günel N, Yazıcı O, Savaş G, Bayrak A, Eraslan E, Öksüzoğlu B, Kılıç HK, Özdemir N. The role of spleen volume change in predicting immunotherapy response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1045. [PMID: 37904131 PMCID: PMC10617093 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a significant issue in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), as it is in the majority of cancer types. An important deficiency in immunooncology today is the lack of a predictive factor to identify this patient group. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a type of cell that contributes to immunotherapy resistance by inhibiting T cell activity. While it accumulates in the tumor microenvironment and blood, it can also accumulate in lymphoid organs such as the spleen and cause splenomegaly. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the effect of increase in splenic volume, which can be considered as an indirect indicator of increased MDSC cells, on survival outcomes in mRCC patients. METHODS We analyzed 45 patients with mRCC who received nivolumab as a second-line or subsequent therapy. Splenic volume was analyzed from baseline imaging before starting nivolumab and from control imaging performed within the first 6 months of treatment initiation. Additionally, we analyzed how patients' body mass index (BMI), IMDC risk score, ECOG performance status, nephrectomy status, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and sites of metastasis. RESULTS Median splenic volume change was 10% (ranging from - 22% to + 117%) during follow-up. Change in splenic volume was found to be associated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.025, 0.04). The median PFS in patients with increased splenic volume was 5 months, while it was 17 months in patients without increased splenic volume. (HR 2.1, 95% CI (1-4), p = 0.04). The median OS in patients with increased splenic volume was 9 months, while it was 35 months in patients without increased splenic volume (HR 2.7, 95% CI (1.1-6.2), p = 0.025). In four patients with decreased splenic volume, neither PFS nor OS could reach the median value. Log-rank p value in respectively (0.015, 0.035), The group in which an increase in volume was accompanied by a high NLR had the shortest survival rate. Basal splenic volume was analyzed separately. However, neither PFS nor OS differed significantly. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the change in splenic volume throughout immunotherapy regimens may be utilized to predict PFS and OS in mRCC patients undergoing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Aslan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Ahmet Özet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytuğ Üner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazan Günel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Yazıcı
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Savaş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bayrak
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emrah Eraslan
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Öksüzoğlu
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nuriye Özdemir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Duwe G, Müller L, Ruckes C, Fischer ND, Frey LJ, Börner JH, Rölz N, Haack M, Sparwasser P, Jorg T, Neumann CCM, Tsaur I, Höfner T, Haferkamp A, Hahn F, Mager R, Brandt MP. Change in Splenic Volume as a Surrogate Marker for Immunotherapy Response in Patients with Advanced Urothelial and Renal Cell Carcinoma-Evaluation of a Novel Approach of Fully Automated Artificial Intelligence Based Splenic Segmentation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2482. [PMID: 37760923 PMCID: PMC10526098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of advanced urothelial (aUC) and renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), biomarkers such as PD-1 and PD-L1 are not robust prognostic markers for immunotherapy (IO) response. Previously, a significant association between IO and a change in splenic volume (SV) was described for several tumour entities. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first correlation of SV to IO in aUC and aRCC. METHODS All patients with aUC (05/2017-10/2021) and aRCC (01/2012-05/2022) treated with IO at our academic centre were included. SV was measured at baseline, 3 and 9 months after initiation of IO using an in-house developed convolutional neural network-based spleen segmentation method. Uni- and multivariate Cox regression models for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used. RESULTS In total, 35 patients with aUC and 30 patients with aRCC were included in the analysis. Lower SV at the three-month follow-up was significantly associated with improved OS in the aRCC group. CONCLUSIONS We describe a new, innovative artificial intelligence-based approach of a radiological surrogate marker for IO response in aUC and aRCC which presents a promising new predictive imaging marker. The data presented implicate improved OS with lower follow-up SV in patients with aRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Duwe
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Müller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials Mainz, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikita Dhruva Fischer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Johanna Frey
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Börner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Niklas Rölz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Haack
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Sparwasser
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Jorg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher C. M. Neumann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstraße 1, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Hahn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rene Mager
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Peter Brandt
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Oliveira Taveira MD, de Barros E Silva MJ, Vieira Barbosa Pinto PN. Imaging-calculated splenic volume is associated with response in melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:343-351. [PMID: 36852429 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Predicting the roughly 50% of melanoma patients that will respond to immunotherapy is challenging. We tested if splenic volume could be a predictive biomarker. Methods: Splenic volume was measured by a semiautomated commercial software tool in pre- and post-treatment PET/CT, CT or MRI in 50 melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results: Subjects with smaller spleens had better progression-free survival (median not achieved after 30.6 months of follow-up vs median 11.2 months; p = 0.0213) than their counterparts. A cut-off of <244 cm3 yielded a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 54% to identify responders. Conclusion: Measuring splenic volume on imaging scans is feasible. Smaller pretreatment spleen volume is associated with better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Oliveira Taveira
- Fundação Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, 01509-001, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, 70200-730, Brazil
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Zeng Z, Liu Z, Li J, Sun J, Ma M, Ye X, Yu J, Kang W. Baseline splenic volume as a biomarker for clinical outcome and circulating lymphocyte count in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1065716. [PMID: 36793344 PMCID: PMC9923954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1065716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spleen is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in the body. Studies have implicated the spleen in the development of cancer. However, it is unknown whether splenic volume (SV) is associated with the clinical outcome of gastric cancer. Methods Data of gastric cancer patients treated with surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups: underweight, normal-weight and overweight. Overall survival was compared in patients with high and low splenic volume. The correlation between splenic volume and peripheral immune cells were analyzed. Results Of 541 patients, 71.2% were male and the median age was 60. Underweight, normal-weight and overweight patients accounted for 5.4%, 62.3% and 32.3%, respectively. High splenic volume was associated with unfavorable prognosis across the three groups. In addition, the increase of splenic volume during neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with prognosis. The baseline splenic volume was negatively correlated with lymphocytes (r=-0.21, p<0.001) and positively correlated with NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) (r=0.24, p<0.001). In a group of patients (n=56), splenic volume was found to have negative correlation with CD4+T cells (r=-0.27, p=0.041) and NK cells (r=-0.30, p=0.025). Conclusions The presence of high splenic volume is a biomarker of unfavorable prognosis and reduced circulating lymphocytes in gastric cancer.
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Müller L, Gairing SJ, Kloeckner R, Foerster F, Weinmann A, Mittler J, Stoehr F, Emrich T, Düber C, Galle PR, Hahn F. Baseline Splenic Volume Outweighs Immuno-Modulated Size Changes with Regard to Survival Outcome in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma under Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153574. [PMID: 35892833 PMCID: PMC9332404 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Splenic volume (SV) has been identified as a highly predictive parameter for prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, an association between immunotherapy and an increase in SV has been described for various types of cancer. In our cohort of patients with HCC under immunotherapy, SV was a highly predictive factor for overall survival at baseline and initial follow-up. Although a large proportion of patients (76%) showed an SV increase after the initiation of immunotherapy, this additional immuno-modulated SV change was negligible compared to long-standing changes in the splanchnic circulation in our patient cohort. Abstract Background: An association between immunotherapy and an increase in splenic volume (SV) has been described for various types of cancer. SV is also highly predictive of overall survival (OS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated SV and its changes with regard to their prognostic influence in patients with HCC undergoing immunotherapy. Methods: All patients with HCC who received immunotherapy in first or subsequent lines at our tertiary care center between 2016 and 2021 were screened for eligibility. SV was assessed at baseline and follow-up using an AI-based tool for spleen segmentation. Patients were dichotomized into high and low SV based on the median value. Results: Fifty patients were included in the analysis. The median SV prior to treatment was 532 mL. The median OS of patients with high and low SV was 5.1 months and 18.1 months, respectively (p = 0.01). An increase in SV between treatment initiation and the first follow-up was observed in 28/37 (75.7%) patients with follow-up imaging available. This increase in itself was not prognostic for median OS (7.0 vs. 8.5 months, p = 0.73). However, patients with high absolute SV at the first follow-up continued to have impaired survival (4.0 months vs. 30.7 months, p = 0.004). Conclusion: High SV prior to and during treatment was a significant prognostic factor for impaired outcome. Although a large proportion of patients showed an SV increase after the initiation of immunotherapy, this additional immuno-modulated SV change was negligible compared to long-standing changes in the splanchnic circulation in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Müller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.); (F.S.); (T.E.); (C.D.)
| | - Simon Johannes Gairing
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.G.); (F.F.); (A.W.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Roman Kloeckner
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein–Campus Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany;
| | - Friedrich Foerster
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.G.); (F.F.); (A.W.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.G.); (F.F.); (A.W.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Jens Mittler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Fabian Stoehr
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.); (F.S.); (T.E.); (C.D.)
| | - Tilman Emrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.); (F.S.); (T.E.); (C.D.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner-Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Christoph Düber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.); (F.S.); (T.E.); (C.D.)
| | - Peter Robert Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.J.G.); (F.F.); (A.W.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Felix Hahn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.); (F.S.); (T.E.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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