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Pećina-Šlaus N, Hrašćan R. Glioma Stem Cells-Features for New Therapy Design. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1557. [PMID: 38672638 PMCID: PMC11049195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
On a molecular level, glioma is very diverse and presents a whole spectrum of specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. The tumors are unfortunately resistant to available therapies and the survival rate is low. The explanation of significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and the infiltrative capability of gliomas, as well as its resistance to therapy, recurrence and aggressive behavior, lies in a small subset of tumor-initiating cells that behave like stem cells and are known as glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs). They are responsible for tumor plasticity and are influenced by genetic drivers. Additionally, GCSCs also display greater migratory abilities. A great effort is under way in order to find ways to eliminate or neutralize GCSCs. Many different treatment strategies are currently being explored, including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, posttranscriptional regulation, epigenetic modulation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reno Hrašćan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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2
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Caffo M, Casili G, Caruso G, Barresi V, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Minutoli L, Ius T, Esposito E. DKK3 Expression in Glioblastoma: Correlations with Biomolecular Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4091. [PMID: 38612910 PMCID: PMC11012478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary tumor of the CNS. The prognosis is dismal, with a median survival of 15 months. Surgical treatment followed by adjuvant therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy characterize the classical strategy. The WNT pathway plays a key role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. The DKK3 protein, capable of acting as a tumor suppressor, also appears to be able to modulate the WNT pathway. We performed, in a series of 40 patients, immunohistochemical and Western blot evaluations of DKK3 to better understand how the expression of this protein can influence clinical behavior. We used a statistical analysis, with correlations between the expression of DKK3 and overall survival, age, sex, Ki-67, p53, and MGMT and IDH status. We also correlated our data with information included in the cBioPortal database. In our analyses, DKK3 expression, in both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses, was reduced or absent in many cases, showing downregulation. To date, no clinical study exists in the literature that reports a potential correlation between IDH and MGMT status and the WNT pathway through the expression of DKK3. Modulation of this pathway through the expression of DKK3 could represent a new tailored therapeutic strategy in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caffo
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy;
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (E.E.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (E.E.)
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Qazi S, Talebi Z, Trieu V. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGFB2) and Interferon Gamma Receptor 2 (IFNGR2) mRNA Levels in the Brainstem Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Significantly Impact Overall Survival in Pediatric DMG Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:191. [PMID: 38255296 PMCID: PMC10813255 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This hypothesis-generating study characterized the mRNA expression profiles and prognostic impacts of antigen-presenting cell (APC) markers (CD14, CD163, CD86, and ITGAX/CD11c) in pediatric brainstem diffuse midline glioma (pbDMG) tumors. We also assessed the mRNA levels of two therapeutic targets, transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) and interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2), for their biomarker potentials in these highly aggressive pbDMG tumors. The expressions of CD14, CD163, and ITGAX/CD11c mRNAs exhibited significant decreases of 1.64-fold (p = 0.037), 1.75-fold (p = 0.019), and 3.33-fold (p < 0.0001), respectively, in pbDMG tumors relative to those in normal brainstem/pons samples. The pbDMG samples with high levels of TGFB2 in combination with low levels of APC markers, reflecting the cold immune state of pbDMG tumors, exhibited significantly worse overall survival outcomes at low expression levels of CD14, CD163, and CD86. The expression levels of IFNGR2 and TGFB2 (1.51-fold increase (p = 0.002) and 1.58-fold increase (p = 5.5 × 10-4), respectively) were significantly upregulated in pbDMG tumors compared with normal brainstem/pons samples. We performed multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling that showed TGFB2 was a prognostic indicator (HR for patients in the TGFB2high group of pbDMG patients = 2.88 (1.12-7.39); p = 0.028) for poor overall survival (OS) and was independent of IFNGR2 levels, the age of the patient, and the significant interaction effect observed between IFNGR2 and TGFB2 (p = 0.015). Worse survival outcomes in pbDMG patients when comparing high versus low TGFB2 levels in the context of low IFNGR2 levels suggest that the abrogation of the TGFB2 mRNA expression in the immunologically cold tumor microenvironment can be used to treat pbDMG patients. Furthermore, pbDMG patients with low levels of JAK1 or STAT1 mRNA expression in combination with high levels of TGFB2 also exhibited poor OS outcomes, suggesting that the inclusion of (interferon-gamma) IFN-γ to stimulate and activate JAK1 and STAT1 in anti-tumor APC cells present the brainstem TME can enhance the effect of the TGFB2 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjive Qazi
- Oncotelic Therapeutics, 29397 Agoura Road, Suite 107, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA; (Z.T.); (V.T.)
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4
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Wolfien M, Ahmadi N, Fitzer K, Grummt S, Heine KL, Jung IC, Krefting D, Kühn A, Peng Y, Reinecke I, Scheel J, Schmidt T, Schmücker P, Schüttler C, Waltemath D, Zoch M, Sedlmayr M. Ten Topics to Get Started in Medical Informatics Research. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45948. [PMID: 37486754 PMCID: PMC10407648 DOI: 10.2196/45948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast and heterogeneous data being constantly generated in clinics can provide great wealth for patients and research alike. The quickly evolving field of medical informatics research has contributed numerous concepts, algorithms, and standards to facilitate this development. However, these difficult relationships, complex terminologies, and multiple implementations can present obstacles for people who want to get active in the field. With a particular focus on medical informatics research conducted in Germany, we present in our Viewpoint a set of 10 important topics to improve the overall interdisciplinary communication between different stakeholders (eg, physicians, computational experts, experimentalists, students, patient representatives). This may lower the barriers to entry and offer a starting point for collaborations at different levels. The suggested topics are briefly introduced, then general best practice guidance is given, and further resources for in-depth reading or hands-on tutorials are recommended. In addition, the topics are set to cover current aspects and open research gaps of the medical informatics domain, including data regulations and concepts; data harmonization and processing; and data evaluation, visualization, and dissemination. In addition, we give an example on how these topics can be integrated in a medical informatics curriculum for higher education. By recognizing these topics, readers will be able to (1) set clinical and research data into the context of medical informatics, understanding what is possible to achieve with data or how data should be handled in terms of data privacy and storage; (2) distinguish current interoperability standards and obtain first insights into the processes leading to effective data transfer and analysis; and (3) value the use of newly developed technical approaches to utilize the full potential of clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wolfien
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Najia Ahmadi
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Fitzer
- Core Unit Data Integration Center, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sophia Grummt
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kilian-Ludwig Heine
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ian-C Jung
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dagmar Krefting
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kühn
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuan Peng
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Reinecke
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul Schmücker
- Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christina Schüttler
- Central Biobank Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Waltemath
- Core Unit Data Integration Center, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele Zoch
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Sedlmayr
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Gomes FDC, Figueiredo ERL, Araújo END, Andrade EMD, Carneiro CDL, Almeida GMD, Dias HAAL, Teixeira LIB, Almeida MT, Farias MFD, Linhares NA, Fonseca NLD, Pereira YDS, Melo-Neto JSD. Social, Genetics and Histopathological Factors Related to Titin ( TTN) Gene Mutation and Survival in Women with Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma: Bioinformatics Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051092. [PMID: 37239452 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors may increase the risk of development of ovarian cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationship between social, genetic, and histopathologic factors in women with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma and titin (TTN) mutations, whether the TTN gene mutation may be a predictor, and its impact on mortality and survival in these patients. A total of 585 samples from patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and PanCancer Atlas through the cBioPortal for analysis of social, genetic, and histopathological factors. Logistic regression was used to investigate whether TTN mutation could be a predictor, and the Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze survival time. TTN mutation frequency did not differ between age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and race, and was related to increased Buffa hypoxia score (p = 0.004), mutation count (p < 0.0001), Winter hypoxia Score (p = 0.030), nonsynonymous tumor mutation burden (TMB) (p < 0.0001), and reduced microsatellite instability sensor score (p = 0.010). The number of mutations (p < 0.0001) and winter hypoxia score (p = 0.008) were positively associated with TTN mutations, and nonsynonymous TMB (p < 0.0001) proved to be a predictor. Mutated TTN affects the score of genetic variables involved in cancer cell metabolism in ovarian cystadenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana de Campos Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine CERES (FACERES), São José do Rio Preto 15090-305, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Renato Lima Figueiredo
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Ediane Nunes De Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Edila Monteiro De Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Diego Lisbôa Carneiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Mácola De Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Helana Augusta Andrade Leal Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Inoue Bispo Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Manuela Trindade Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Mariusa Fernandes De Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Natália Albim Linhares
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Natasha Lima Da Fonseca
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Yago Dos Santos Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - João Simão de Melo-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Society in the Amazon (PPGSAS), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Street Augusto Corrêa, 01, University City: José Silveira Neto, Health sector: Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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Brlek P, Bulić L, Glavaš Weinberger D, Bošnjak J, Pavlović T, Tomić S, Krivdić Dupan Z, Borić I, Primorac D. Successful Treatment of a Rare Cholesterol Homeostasis Disorder Due to CYP27A1 Gene Mutation with Chenodeoxycholic Acid Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051430. [PMID: 37239101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a genetic disorder of the cholesterol metabolic pathway, most often associated with variants in the CYP27A1 gene. The dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism results in the accumulation of metabolites such as cholestanol, which has a predilection for neuronal tissue and tendons. The condition is treatable with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which halts the production of these metabolites. We present two adult brothers, without diagnosis, suffering from ataxia, general muscle weakness and cognitive deficits. Both brothers suffered from early onset cataracts, watery stools and thoracic kyphoscoliosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense alterations in the central nervous system and intratendinous xanthomas in the Achilles tendons. A biochemical analysis showed elevated levels of cholestanol, lathosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Their family history was negative for neurological and metabolic disorders. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic CYP27A1 variant (c.1184+1G>A) in both brothers, confirming the diagnosis. The patients were started on CDCA therapy and have shown significant improvement at their follow-up examinations. Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in CTX patients is of great importance, as the significant reversal of disease progression can be achieved. For this reason, clinical genetic testing is necessary when it comes to patients with an onset of cataracts, chronic diarrhea, and neurological symptoms in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Bulić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Tomislav Pavlović
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Svetlana Tomić
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zdravka Krivdić Dupan
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Igor Borić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat 382007, India
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Liu C, Kuang S, Wu L, Cheng Q, Gong X, Wu J, Zhang L. Radiotherapy and radio-sensitization in H3 K27M -mutated diffuse midline gliomas. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37157237 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H3K27M mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are extremely aggressive and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in pediatric brain tumors with 5-year survival <1%. Radiotherapy is the only established adjuvant treatment of H3K27M DMGs; however, the radio-resistance is commonly observed. METHODS We summarized current understandings of the molecular responses of H3K27M DMGs to radiotherapy and provide crucial insights into current advances in radiosensitivity enhancement. RESULTS Ionizing radiation (IR) can mainly inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing DNA damage regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair (DDR) system. In H3K27M DMGs, the aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes, stemness genotype, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) disrupt the cell cycle checkpoints and DDR system by altering the associated regulatory signaling pathways, which leads to the development of radio-resistance. CONCLUSIONS The advances in mechanisms of radio-resistance in H3K27M DMGs promote the potential targets to enhance the sensitivity to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwen Kuang
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Yakir MJ, Elster JD, Paul MR, Khanna PC, Malicki DM, Levy ML, Crawford JR. Atypical Molecular Features of Pediatric Tectal Glioma: A Single Institutional Series. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e410-e414. [PMID: 36730386 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present 4 children (diagnosed between 1 and 8 y, 3 females and 1 male) with molecularly distinct tectal gliomas (2 KRAS mutant, 1 EGFR mutant, 1 SRGAP3-RAF-1 fusion) that contributes to the growing literature of this uncommonly biopsied tumor. The patient with EGFR R222C mutation had a more severe course, earlier diagnosis, subsequent leptomeningeal metastatic disease, required more aggressive therapies, and died 9 years after diagnosis. Patients with KRAS mutations and SRGAP3-RAF-1 fusion had a more indolent course. Our series expands the molecular phenotype of tectal glioma with the potential for leptomeningeal dissemination. Future studies on establishing genotypic/phenotypic correlation from those who undergo biopsy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Joy Yakir
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurosciences
- Rady Children's Hospital
| | - Jennifer D Elster
- Rady Children's Hospital
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Megan R Paul
- Rady Children's Hospital
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | - Michael L Levy
- Rady Children's Hospital
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - John Ross Crawford
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurosciences
- Rady Children's Hospital
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics
- Division of Child Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Children's Hospital Orange County and UC Irvine
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9
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Uckun FM, Qazi S, Trieu V. High Intra-Tumor Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Level as a Predictor of Poor Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061676. [PMID: 36980562 PMCID: PMC10046593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that tumor samples from newly diagnosed pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) patients express significantly higher levels of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) than control pons samples, which correlated with augmented expression of transcription factors that upregulate TGFB2 gene expression. Our study also demonstrated that RNA sequencing (RNAseq)-based high TGFB2 mRNA level is an indicator of poor prognosis for DIPG patients, but not for pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) patients or pediatric diffuse midline glioma (DMG) patients with tumor locations outside of the pons/brainstem. Notably, DIPG patients with high levels of TGFB2 mRNA expression in their tumor samples had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). By comparison, high levels of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3) mRNA expression in tumor samples was associated with significantly better survival outcomes of DIPG patients, whereas high levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) expression was not prognostic. Our study fills a significant gap in our understanding of the clinical significance of high TGFB2 expression in pediatric high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M. Uckun
- Ares Pharmaceuticals, Immuno-Oncology Program, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Oncotelic Therapeutics, 29397 Agoura Road, Suite 107, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Ares Pharmaceuticals, Immuno-Oncology Program, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Oncotelic Therapeutics, 29397 Agoura Road, Suite 107, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA
| | - Vuong Trieu
- Oncotelic Therapeutics, 29397 Agoura Road, Suite 107, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA
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10
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Tang M, Deng H, Zheng K, He J, Yang J, Li Y. Ginsenoside 3β-O-Glc-DM (C3DM) suppressed glioma tumor growth by downregulating the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 460:116378. [PMID: 36641037 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the main bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, which have been broadly studied in cancer treatment. Our previous studies have demonstrated that 3β-O-Glc-DM (C3DM), a biosynthetic ginsenoside, exhibited antitumor effects in several cancer cell lines with anti-colon cancer activity superior to ginsenoside 20(R)-Rg3 in vivo. However, the efficacy of C3DM on glioma has not been proved yet. In this study, the antitumor activities and underlying mechanisms of C3DM on glioma were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration, FCM, IHC, RT-qPCR, quantitative proteomics, and western blotting were conducted to evaluate the effect of C3DM on glioma cells. ADP-Glo™ kinase assay was used to validate the interaction between C3DM and EGFR. Co-cultured assays, lactic acid kit, and spatially resolved metabolomics were performed to study the function of C3DM in regulating glioma microenvironment. Both subcutaneously transplanted syngeneic models and orthotopic models of glioma were used to determine the effect of C3DM on tumor growth in vivo. We found that C3DM dose-dependently induced apoptosis, and inhibited the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of glioma cells. C3DM significantly inhibited tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse glioma models. Moreover, C3DM attenuated the acidified glioma microenvironment and enhanced T-cell function. Additionally, C3DM inhibited the kinase activity of EGFR and influenced the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in glioma. Overall, C3DM might be a promising candidate for glioma prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kailu Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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11
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Liu Y, Ma X, Feng L, Lin Z, Zhou X. An integrative pan-cancer analysis reveals the carcinogenic effects of NCAPH in human cancer. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:76-92. [PMID: 36650758 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-chromosomal structure maintenance protein condensin complex I subunit H (NCAPH) has been reported to play a regulatory role in a variety of cancers and is associated with tumor poor prognosis. This study aims to explore the potential role of NCAPH with a view to providing insights on pathologic mechanisms. METHODS The expression of NCAPH in different tumors was explored by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx). The prognostic value of NCAPH was retrieved through GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to search for the association of NCAPH with tumor immune infiltration. The cBioPortal and PhosphoSite Plus databases showed NCAPH phosphorylation status in tumors. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using bioinformatics. RESULTS Our findings revealed that NCAPH showed high expression levels in a wide range of tumor types, and was strongly correlated with the prognosis of patients. Moreover, a higher phosphorylation level at S59, S67, S76, S190, S222 and T38 site was discovered in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). NCAPH overexpression was positively correlated with the infiltration level of CD8+T cells and myeloid dendritic infiltration in breast cancer and thymoma. CONCLUSIONS The up-regulation of NCAPH was significantly correlated with the poor prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer, and NCAPH could be served as a potential immunotherapeutic target for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Linyuan Feng
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji 133000, China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xianchun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji 133000, China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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12
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Yang J, Luo G, Li C, Zhao Z, Ju S, Li Q, Chen Z, Ding C, Tong X, Zhao J. Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:589. [PMID: 35637432 PMCID: PMC9150371 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystatins are a class of proteins that can inhibit cysteine protease and are widely distributed in human bodily fluids and secretions. Cystatin SN (CST1), a member of the CST superfamily, is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. However, its effect on the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Methods We obtained transcriptome analysis data of CST1 from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE31210 databases. The association of CST1 expression with prognosis, gene mutations and tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using public databases. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of CST1. Results In this study, we found that CST1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and was associated with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment. Genetic mutations of CST1 were shown to be related to disease-free survival (DFS) by using the c-BioPortal tool. Potential proteins binding to CST1 were identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of CST1 revealed that CST1 was notably enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell experiments confirmed that overexpression of CST1 promoted lung adenocarcinoma cells migration and invasion, while knockdown of CST1 significantly inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cells migration and invasion. Conclusions Our comprehensive bioinformatics analyses revealed that CST1 may be a novel prognostic biomarker in LUAD. Experiments confirmed that CST1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in LUAD cells. These findings will help to better understand the distinct role of CST1 in LUAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09685-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaomeng Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhunlin Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhike Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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13
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Xing T, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Li S. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction inhibits the activity of osteoclasts in osteonecrosis of the femoral head via regulation of the RELA/AKT1 axis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3559-3571. [PMID: 35702106 PMCID: PMC9185058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Duhuo Jisheng Decotion (DHJSD) on the activity of osteoclasts in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and its underlying mechanism relating to the RELA/AKT1 axis. METHODS The TCMSP database was used to search for the effective ingredients and the targets of various Chinese medicines in DHJSD. Its targets were intersected with ONFH risk genes in DisGeNET and Malacards databases to obtain the potential target genes. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of potential target genes in ONFH tissues, and the ChIP experiment was used to verify the relationship between RELA and AKT1 promoter. An ONFH rat model was established and DHJSD was used for the treatment. The expressions of RELA and AKT1 in rats were intervened, and rats were grouped. qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expression levels of osteoclast markers ACP5, CTSK, and RANK in the tissues to evaluate the regulation of DHJSD on target genes and the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation. RESULTS A total of 231 effective targets of DHJSD were screened out in the TCMSP database. Intersection with ONFH risk genes yielded a total of 20 candidate genes. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that AKT1 regulated other genes. KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that STAT1, AKT1, PPARG, PPARG, TNF and RELA were enriched in osteoclast differentiation pathway. Compared with normal tissues, the expression of STAT1 was decreased in ONFH tissues, and the expressions of AKT1, PPARG, TNF, and RELA were increased, among which, RELA and AKT1 are the most significantly increased genes (all P<0.05). ChIP experiment found that RELA had a binding relationship with AKT1 promoter. DHJST had the inhibitory effect on the expression of RELA and AKT1 in ONFH tissues, as well as the levels of ACP5, CTSK, and RANK. However, overexpression of RELA or AKT1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of DHJSD on the levels of ACP5, CTSK and RANK. Meanwhile, knocking down RELA partially reversed the effect of AKT1 on the effect of DHJSD. CONCLUSION DHJSD inhibits the activity of osteoclasts in ONFH by inhibiting the RELA/AKT1 axis. This study further clarifies the potential specific mechanism of DHJSD to improve ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xing
- Department of Trauma Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Clinical Medicine Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Gansu Academy of TCMLanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- Department of Repair and Reconstruction Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yingshuan Zhang
- Clinical College of TCM, Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shenghua Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine Center of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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A Potential Prognostic Marker PRDM1 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1934381. [PMID: 35607327 PMCID: PMC9123419 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1934381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a major threat to people's health. PRDM1 is a transcription factor with multiple functions, and its functions have been validated in a variety of tumors; however, there are few studies reported on PRDM1 in PAAD. Using the GEPIA2 database, this research found that PRDM1 expression in PAAD was significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissue. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database showed that high expression of PRDM1 in PAAD has a poor prognosis, suggesting that PRDM1 may be a potential prognostic marker in PAAD. The cBioPortal database shows that the expression of PRDM1 in PAAD is significantly correlated with its methylation degree. Further analysis on the coexpressed genes of PRDM1 in PAAD was performed by using LinkedOmics database to explore potential mechanisms. Based on gene enrichment analysis, PRDM1 was implicated in many pathways involved in tumor progression. In the construction of a PPI network of PRDM1 and its coexpressed gene protein via the STRING database, we found that PRDM1 may be involved in the pathogenesis and development of PAAD. TIMER database suggested that a high level of PRDM1 has a significant positive correlation with macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs. Potential methylation sites of PRDM1 were found through DNMIVD database, and MethSurv database explored eight sites which were significantly related with the prognosis of PAAD. In conclusion, PRDM1 may work as a prognostic marker or even provide a potential therapeutic strategy in PAAD.
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SUN J, WANG H, CHENG G, ZHANG L, QU Z, HAN C, ZHENG W, WU L, ZHANG J. Revealing the action mechanisms of scutellarin against glioblastoma based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhao SUN
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Hongwei WANG
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Gang CHENG
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Leiming ZHANG
- Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Zhifeng QU
- Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Chengchen HAN
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Wei ZHENG
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Lin WU
- Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Jianning ZHANG
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
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Differential Regulation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/PTEN Pathway between Low- and High-Grade Gliomas. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121655. [PMID: 34942957 PMCID: PMC8699139 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas represent 70% of all central system nervous tumors and are classified according to the degree of malignancy as low- or high-grade. The permanent activation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway by various genetic or post-translational alterations of EGFR, PI3KCA, and PTEN has been associated with increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. The present study aimed to analyze the molecular/genetic changes in the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway between low-grade and high-grade gliomas in a sample of Colombian patients. A total of 30 samples were tested for PI3K and PTEN mutations, EGFR, PI3K, and AKT gene amplification, AKT, PI3K, BAX, Bcl2 expression levels, and phosphorylation of AKT and PTEN, EGFR and/or PI3K gene amplification was found in 50% of low-grade and 45% of high-grade ones. AKT amplification was found in 25% of the low-grade and 13.6% of the high-grade. The expression of PI3K, AKT, Bcl2, and BAX was increased particularly to a high degree. AKT phosphorylation was found in 66% of low-grade and 31.8% of high-grade. Increased phosphorylation of PTEN was found in 77% low-grade and 66% high-grade. Our results indicate that alterations in the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway could be important in the initiation and malignant progression of this type of tumor.
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