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Chi P, Jiang H, Li D, Li J, Wen X, Ding Q, Chen L, Zhang X, Huang J, Ding Y. An immune risk score predicts progression-free survival of melanoma patients in South China receiving anti-PD-1 inhibitor therapy-a retrospective cohort study examining 66 circulating immune cell subsets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012673. [PMID: 36569825 PMCID: PMC9768215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint blockade inhibitor (ICI) therapy offers significant survival benefits for malignant melanoma. However, some patients were observed to be in disease progression after the first few treatment cycles. As such, it is urgent to find convenient and accessible indicators that assess whether patients can benefit from ICI therapy. Methods In the training cohort, flow cytometry was used to determine the absolute values of 66 immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients (n=29) before treatment with anti-PD-1 inhibitors. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was followed for the efficacy of each subset in predicting progression-free survival. Then we validated the performance of the selected model in validation cohorts (n=20), and developed a nomogram for clinical use. Results A prognostic immune risk score composed of CD1c+ dendritic cells and three subsets of T cells (CD8+CD28+, CD3+TCRab+HLA-DR+, CD3+TCRgd+HLA-DR+) with a higher prognostic power than individual features (AUC = 0.825). Using this model, patients in the training cohort were divided into high- and low-risk groups with significant differences in mean progression-free survival (3.6 vs. 12.3 months), including disease control rate (41.2% vs. 91.7%), and objective response rate (17.6% vs. 41.6%). Integrating four-immune cell-subset based classifiers and three clinicopathologic risk factors can help to predict which patients might benefit from anti-PD-1 antibody inhibitors and remind potential non-responders to pursue effective treatment options in a timely way. Conclusions The prognostic immune risk score including the innate immune and adaptive immune cell populations could provide an accurate prediction efficacy in malignant melanoma patients with ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Chi
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xizhi Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiyue Ding
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linbin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Ya Ding, ; Junqi Huang, ; Xiaoshi Zhang,
| | - Junqi Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ya Ding, ; Junqi Huang, ; Xiaoshi Zhang,
| | - Ya Ding
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Ya Ding, ; Junqi Huang, ; Xiaoshi Zhang,
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Ma S, Yu R, Mai Y, Yu N, Gao T, Yang J. Enhanced Influenza Immunity by Nasal Mucosal Administration of the TPGS-Modified Liposomal Vaccine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:272. [PMID: 36180652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is difficult to prevent, control, and treat because of rapid viral mutation, fast disease progression, and high mortality. Vaccination is the main means by which to prevent and control influenza, but effectiveness is limited in that poor cellular uptake and weak immunogenicity of vaccines provides less than optimal host protection. Liposomal influenza vaccines are a promising strategy to overcome these limitations and the use of liposomal immune modulators and intranasal administration of liposomal influenza vaccines may be a means by which to improve influenza protection. The cationic lipids, i.e., dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA), 1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), and D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS) can form blank liposomes, which can incorporate influenza antigens to produce an influenza vaccine (DDA-DSPC-TPGS). Herein, this vaccine was shown to induce dendritic cell maturation, increase host cellular uptake of the vaccine, and enhance immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. The addition of TPGS, as an amphiphilic immune adjuvant, significantly reduced the toxicity of the DDA liposomal influenza vaccine. Further, the polyethylene glycol component and tocopherol structure of TPGS enhanced the cellular uptake of the vaccine by means of stealth properties and the capacity to inhibit cellular efflux. After nasal mucosal immunization, enhanced cellular uptake rates and abundant immune cells in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue promoted the production of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G1, and interferon-γ, which in turn mediated a more robust immune response against influenza virus. In summary, the DDA-DSPC-TPGS influenza vaccine is a safe and effective means by which to activate the immune system. The results herein provide an effective strategy by which to overcome current difficulties associated with the prevention and treatment of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Mai
- Science and Technology Center, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
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