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Kwong A, Ho CYS, Au CH, Tey SK, Ma ESK. Germline RAD51C and RAD51D Mutations in High-Risk Chinese Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Patients and Families. J Pers Med 2024; 14:866. [PMID: 39202057 PMCID: PMC11355318 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAD51C and RAD51D are crucial in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. The prevalence of the RAD51C and RAD51D mutations in breast cancer varies across ethnic groups. Associations of RAD51C and RAD51D germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) with breast and ovarian cancer predisposition have been recently reported and are of interest. METHODS We performed multi-gene panel sequencing to study the prevalence of RAD51C and RAD51D germline mutations among 3728 patients with hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC). RESULTS We identified 18 pathogenic RAD51C and RAD51D mutation carriers, with a mutation frequency of 0.13% (5/3728) and 0.35% (13/3728), respectively. The most common recurrent mutation was RAD51D c.270_271dupTA; p.(Lys91Ilefs*13), with a mutation frequency of 0.30% (11/3728), which was also commonly identified in Asians. Only four out of six cases (66.7%) of this common mutation tested positive for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). CONCLUSIONS Taking the family studies in our registry and tumor molecular pathology together, we concluded that this relatively common RAD51D variant showed incomplete penetrance in our local Chinese community. Personalized genetic counseling emphasizing family history for families with this variant, as suggested at the UK Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG) Consensus meeting, would also be appropriate in Chinese families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Kwong
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Cancer Genetics Centre, Breast Surgery Centre, Surgery Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia Yuen Sze Ho
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hang Au
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Keong Tey
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmond Shiu Kwan Ma
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Alganmi N, Bashanfar A, Alotaibi R, Banjar H, Karim S, Mirza Z, Abusamra H, Al-Attas M, Turkistany S, Abuzenadah A. Uncovering hidden genetic risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers in BRCA-negative women: a machine learning approach in the Saudi population. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e1942. [PMID: 38660159 PMCID: PMC11042021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers are prevalent worldwide, with genetic factors such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations playing a significant role. However, not all patients carry these mutations, making it challenging to identify risk factors. Researchers have turned to whole exome sequencing (WES) as a tool to identify genetic risk factors in BRCA-negative women. WES allows the sequencing of all protein-coding regions of an individual's genome, providing a comprehensive analysis that surpasses traditional gene-by-gene sequencing methods. This technology offers efficiency, cost-effectiveness and the potential to identify new genetic variants contributing to the susceptibility to the diseases. Interpreting WES data for disease-causing variants is challenging due to its complex nature. Machine learning techniques can uncover hidden genetic-variant patterns associated with cancer susceptibility. In this study, we used the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) algorithms to identify BRCA-related cancer high-risk genes specifically in the Saudi population. The experimental results exposed that the RF method scored superior performance with an accuracy of 88.16% and an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.95. Using bioinformatics analysis tools, we explored the top features of the high-accuracy machine learning model that we built to enhance our knowledge of genetic interactions and find complex genetic patterns connected to the development of BRCA-related cancers. We were able to identify the significance of HLA gene variations in these WES datasets for BRCA-related patients. We find that immune response mechanisms play a major role in the development of BRCA-related cancer. It specifically highlights genes associated with antigen processing and presentation, such as HLA-B, HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 and their possible effects on tumour progression and immune evasion. In summary, by utilizing machine learning approaches, we have the potential to aid in the development of precision medicine approaches for early detection and personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofe Alganmi
- Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Bashanfar
- Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alotaibi
- Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Banjar
- Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Abusamra
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Al-Attas
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen Turkistany
- Center of Innovation Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tuncer SB, Celik B, Erciyas SK, Erdogan OS, Gültaslar BK, Odemis DA, Avsar M, Sen F, Saip PM, Yazici H. Germline mutational variants of Turkish ovarian cancer patients suspected of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) by next-generation sequencing. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155075. [PMID: 38219492 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is characterized by an increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) due to inherited genetic mutations. Understanding the genetic variants associated with HBOC is crucial for identifying individuals at high risk and implementing appropriate preventive measures. The study included 630 Turkish OC patients with confirmed diagnostic criteria of The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) concerning HBOC. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, and targeted Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. Bioinformatics analysis and variant interpretation were conducted to identify pathogenic variants (PVs). Our analysis revealed a spectrum of germline pathogenic variants associated with HBOC in Turkish OC patients. Notably, several pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other DNA repair genes were identified. Specifically, we observed germline PVs in 130 individuals, accounting for 20.63% of the total cohort. 76 distinct PVs in genes, BRCA1 (40 PVs), BRCA2 (29 PVs), ATM (1 PV), CHEK2 (2 PVs), ERCC2 (1 PV), MUTYH (1 PV), RAD51C (1 PV), and TP53 (1PV) and also, two different PVs (i.e., c.135-2 A>G p.? in BRCA1 and c.6466_6469delTCTC in BRCA2) were detected in a 34-year-old OC patient. In conclusion, our study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic variants underlying HBOC in Turkish OC patients. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic architecture of HBOC in the Turkish population and shed light on the potential contribution of specific germline PVs to the increased risk of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Bugra Tuncer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Betul Celik
- Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Department of Molecular Biology, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Seda Kilic Erciyas
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Sukruoglu Erdogan
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kurt Gültaslar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Demet Akdeniz Odemis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mukaddes Avsar
- Health Services Vocational of Higher Education, T.C. Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Sen
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Avrasya Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Mualla Saip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hulya Yazici
- Istanbul Arel University, Arel Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Evans DG, Burghel GJ, Schlecht H, Harkness EF, Gandhi A, Howell SJ, Howell A, Forde C, Lalloo F, Newman WG, Smith MJ, Woodward ER. Detection of pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes in bilateral breast cancer. J Med Genet 2023; 60:974-979. [PMID: 37055167 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the frequency of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in women with bilateral breast cancer. METHODS We undertook BRCA1/2 and CHEK2 c.1100delC molecular analysis in 764 samples and a multigene panel in 156. Detection rates were assessed by age at first primary, Manchester Score, and breast pathology. Oestrogen receptor (ER) status of the contralateral versus first breast cancer was compared on 1081 patients with breast cancer with BRCA1/BRCA2 PVs. RESULTS 764 women with bilateral breast cancer have undergone testing of BRCA1/2 and CHEK2; 407 were also tested for PALB2 and 177 for ATM. Detection rates were BRCA1 11.6%, BRCA2 14.0%, CHEK2 2.4%, PALB2 1.0%, ATM 1.1% and, for a subset of mainly very early onset tumours, TP53 4.6% (9 of 195). The highest PV detection rates were for triple negative cancers for BRCA1 (26.4%), grade 3 ER+HER2 for BRCA2 (27.9%) and HER2+ for CHEK2 (8.9%). ER status of the first primary in BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV heterozygotes was strongly predictive of the ER status of the second contralateral tumour since ~90% of second tumours were ER- in BRCA1 heterozygotes, and 50% were ER- in BRCA2 heterozygotes if the first was ER-. CONCLUSION We have shown a high rate of detection of BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs in triple negative and grade 3 ER+HER2- first primary diagnoses, respectively. High rates of HER2+ were associated with CHEK2 PVs, and women ≤30 years were associated with TP53 PVs. First primary ER status in BRCA1/2 strongly predicts the second tumour will be the same ER status even if unusual for PVs in that gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - George J Burghel
- Genomic Diagnostic Laboratory, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Helene Schlecht
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ashu Gandhi
- Prevent Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sacha J Howell
- Genomic Medicine, Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, UK
- Genomic Medicine, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony Howell
- Genomic Medicine, Prevent Breast Cancer Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Forde
- Clinical Genetics Service, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Clinical Genetics Service, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Newman
- Genetics, Central Manchester University foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Emma Roisin Woodward
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Evans DG, Sithambaram S, van Veen EM, Burghel GJ, Schlecht H, Harkness EF, Byers H, Ellingford JM, Gandhi A, Howell SJ, Howell A, Forde C, Lalloo F, Newman WG, Smith MJ, Woodward ER. Differential involvement of germline pathogenic variants in breast cancer genes between DCIS and low-grade invasive cancers. J Med Genet 2023; 60:740-746. [PMID: 36442995 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate frequency of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and grade 1 invasive breast cancer (G1BC). METHODS We undertook BRCA1/2 analysis in 311 women with DCIS and 392 with G1BC and extended panel testing (non-BRCA1/2) in 176/311 with DCIS and 156/392 with G1BC. We investigated PV detection by age at diagnosis, Manchester Score (MS), DCIS grade and receptor status. RESULTS 30/311 (9.6%) with DCIS and 16/392 with G1BC (4.1%) had a BRCA1/2 PV (p=0.003), and 24/176-(13.6%) and 7/156-(4.5%), respectively, a non-BRCA1/2 PV (p=0.004). Increasing MS was associated with increased likelihood of BRCA1/2 PV in both DCIS and G1BC, although the 10% threshold was not predictive for G1GB. 13/32 (40.6%) DCIS and 0/17 with G1BC <40 years had a non-BRCA1/2 PV (p<0.001). 0/16 DCIS G1 had a PV. For G2 and G3 DCIS, PV rates were 10/98 (BRCA1/2) and 9/90 (non-BRCA1/2), and 8/47 (BRCA1/2) and 8/45 (non-BRCA1/2), respectively. 6/9 BRCA1 and 3/26 BRCA2-associated DCIS were oestrogen receptor negative-(p=0.003). G1BC population testing showed no increased PV rate (OR=1.16, 95% CI 0.28 to 4.80). CONCLUSION DCIS is more likely to be associated with both BRCA1/2 and non-BRCA1/2 PVs than G1BC. Extended panel testing ought to be offered in young-onset DCIS where PV detection rates are highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Science, The University of Manchester School of Health Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Siva Sithambaram
- Manchester Univerities Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elke Maria van Veen
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Helene Schlecht
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine F Harkness
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Byers
- Genomic Medicine, The University of Manchester School of Health Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester School of Health Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Ashu Gandhi
- Prevent Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sacha J Howell
- Manchester Univerities Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony Howell
- Manchester Foundation Trust, Prevent Breast Cancer Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Forde
- Clinical Genetics Service, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Clinical Genetics Service, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Newman
- Genetics, The University of Manchester School of Health Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Miriam Jane Smith
- Genetic Medicine, The University of Manchester School of Health Sciences, Manchester, UK
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Hussen BM, Abdullah ST, Salihi A, Sabir DK, Sidiq KR, Rasul MF, Hidayat HJ, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Jamali E. The emerging roles of NGS in clinical oncology and personalized medicine. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 230:153760. [PMID: 35033746 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been increasingly popular in genomics studies over the last decade, as new sequencing technology has been created and improved. Recently, NGS started to be used in clinical oncology to improve cancer therapy through diverse modalities ranging from finding novel and rare cancer mutations, discovering cancer mutation carriers to reaching specific therapeutic approaches known as personalized medicine (PM). PM has the potential to minimize medical expenses by shifting the current traditional medical approach of treating cancer and other diseases to an individualized preventive and predictive approach. Currently, NGS can speed up in the early diagnosis of diseases and discover pharmacogenetic markers that help in personalizing therapies. Despite the tremendous growth in our understanding of genetics, NGS holds the added advantage of providing more comprehensive picture of cancer landscape and uncovering cancer development pathways. In this review, we provided a complete overview of potential NGS applications in scientific and clinical oncology, with a particular emphasis on pharmacogenomics in the direction of precision medicine treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Dana Khdr Sabir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Charmo University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Karzan R Sidiq
- Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 334, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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