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Oslund RC, Holland PM, Lesley SA, Fadeyi OO. Therapeutic potential of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1473-1489. [PMID: 39111317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The growing clinical success of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) has led to rapid interest in leveraging dual targeting in order to generate novel modes of therapeutic action beyond mono-targeting approaches. While bsAbs that bind targets on two different cells (trans-targeting) are showing promise in the clinic, the co-targeting of two proteins on the same cell surface through cis-targeting bsAbs (cis-bsAbs) is an emerging strategy to elicit new functionalities. This includes the ability to induce proximity, enhance binding to a target, increase target/cell selectivity, and/or co-modulate function on the cell surface with the goal of altering, reversing, or eradicating abnormal cellular activity that contributes to disease. In this review, we focus on the impact of cis-bsAbs in the clinic, their emerging applications, and untangle the intricacies of improving bsAb discovery and development.
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Han H, He T, Wu Y, He T, Zhou W. Multidimensional analysis of tumor stem cells: from biological properties, metabolic adaptations to immune escape mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1441081. [PMID: 39184916 PMCID: PMC11341543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1441081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As a key factor in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and metastasis, the biological properties, metabolic adaptations and immune escape mechanisms of CSCs are the focus of current oncological research. CSCs possess self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and tumorigenicity, and their mechanisms of action can be elucidated by the clonal evolution, hierarchical model and the dynamic CSCs model, of which the dynamic model is widely recognized due to its better explanation of the function and origin of CSCs. The origin hypothesis of CSCs involves cell-cell fusion, horizontal gene transfer, genomic instability and microenvironmental regulation, which together shape the diversity of CSCs. In terms of classification, CSCs include primary CSCs (pri-CSCs), precancerous stem cells (pre-CSCs), migratory CSCs (mig-CSCs), and chemo-radiotherapy-resistant CSCs (cr-CSCs and rr-CSCs), with each type playing a specific role in tumor progression. Surface markers of CSCs, such as CD24, CD34, CD44, CD90, CD133, CD166, EpCAM, and LGR5, offer the possibility of identifying, isolating, and targeting CSCs, but the instability and heterogeneity of their expression increase the difficulty of treatment. CSCs have adapted to their survival needs through metabolic reprogramming, showing the ability to flexibly switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as adjustments to amino acid and lipid metabolism. The Warburg effect typifies their metabolic profiles, and altered glutamine and fatty acid metabolism further contributes to the rapid proliferation and survival of CSCs. CSCs are able to maintain their stemness by regulating the metabolic networks to maintain their stemness characteristics, enhance antioxidant defences, and adapt to therapeutic stress. Immune escape is another strategy for CSCs to maintain their survival, and CSCs can effectively evade immune surveillance through mechanisms such as up-regulating PD-L1 expression and promoting the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Together, these properties reveal the multidimensional complexity of CSCs, underscoring the importance of a deeper understanding of the biology of CSCs for the development of more effective tumor therapeutic strategies. In the future, therapies targeting CSCs will focus on precise identification of surface markers, intervention of metabolic pathways, and overcoming immune escape, with the aim of improving the relevance and efficacy of cancer treatments, and ultimately improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, China
| | - Yingfan Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, China
| | - Tianmei He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, China
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Srinivasarao DA, Shah S, Famta P, Vambhurkar G, Jain N, Pindiprolu SKSS, Sharma A, Kumar R, Padhy HP, Kumari M, Madan J, Srivastava S. Unravelling the role of tumor microenvironment responsive nanobiomaterials in spatiotemporal controlled drug delivery for lung cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01673-z. [PMID: 39037533 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Design and development of efficient drug delivery technologies that impart site-specificity is the need of the hour for the effective treatment of lung cancer. The emergence of materials science and nanotechnology partially helped drug delivery scientists to achieve this objective. Various stimuli-responsive materials that undergo degradation at the pathological tumor microenvironment (TME) have been developed and explored for drug delivery applications using nanotechnological approaches. Nanoparticles (NPs), owing to their small size and high surface area to volume ratio, demonstrated enhanced cellular internalization, permeation, and retention at the tumor site. Such passive accumulation of stimuli-responsive materials helped to achieve spatiotemporally controlled and targeted drug delivery within the tumors. In this review, we discussed various stimuli-physical (interstitial pressure, temperature, and stiffness), chemical (pH, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and redox state), and biological (receptor expression, efflux transporters, immune cells, and their receptors or ligands)-that are characteristic to the TME. We mentioned an array of biomaterials-based nanoparticulate delivery systems that respond to these stimuli and control drug release at the TME. Further, we discussed nanoparticle-based combinatorial drug delivery strategies. Finally, we presented our perspectives on challenges related to scale-up, clinical translation, and regulatory approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Naitik Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
- Aditya Pharmacy College, Surampalem, 533 437, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, 533 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hara Prasad Padhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Meenu Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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Nicolau-Neto P, Peryassú BC, de Carvalho FN, Souza-Santos PT, Valverde P, Nascimento CM, Costa I, Dias FL, Pinto LFR. ALCAM is a biomarker of tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2024; 46:785-796. [PMID: 38196304 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most frequent head and neck tumor. Prognosis of patients with LSCC has not improved in recent decades, showing a need for the identification of prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. Recently, we showed that ALCAM overexpression was associated with glottic LSCC prognosis. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Aiming to validate the prognostic value of ALCAM, we evaluate the ALCAM protein levels by immunohistochemistry in 263 glottic LSCC surgically treated with neck dissection. RESULTS ALCAM was expressed in 48.7% and overexpressed in 36.5% of glottic LSCC samples. ALCAM overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.030), lymphovascular involvement (p = 0.0002), high-grade tumors (p = 0.025), and tumor relapse (p = 0.043). Multivariate survival analyses showed an overfitting between ALCAM overexpression and lymph node metastasis as a prognostic variable. CONCLUSIONS High ALCAM expression was associated with an aggressive glottic LSCC profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Priscila Valverde
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Izabella Costa
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Dias
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li S, Zhang H, Shang G. Current status and future challenges of CAR-T cell therapy for osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290762. [PMID: 38187386 PMCID: PMC10766856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents, poses considerable challenges in terms of prognosis, especially for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. While surgical intervention and adjuvant chemotherapy have improved survival rates, limitations such as impractical tumor removal or chemotherapy resistance hinder the treatment outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, an innovative immunotherapy approach that involves targeting tumor antigens and releasing immune factors, has shown significant advancements in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its application in solid tumors, including osteosarcoma, is constrained by factors such as low antigen specificity, limited persistence, and the complex tumor microenvironment. Research on osteosarcoma is ongoing, and some targets have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies. This review summarizes the current status of research on CAR-T cell therapy for osteosarcoma by compiling recent literature. It also proposes future research directions to enhance the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhou H, Zhao C, Shao R, Xu Y, Zhao W. The functions and regulatory pathways of S100A8/A9 and its receptors in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187741. [PMID: 37701037 PMCID: PMC10493297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation primarily influences the initiation, progression, and deterioration of many human diseases, and immune cells are the principal forces that modulate the balance of inflammation by generating cytokines and chemokines to maintain physiological homeostasis or accelerate disease development. S100A8/A9, a heterodimer protein mainly generated by neutrophils, triggers many signal transduction pathways to mediate microtubule constitution and pathogen defense, as well as intricate procedures of cancer growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis. Its paired receptors, such as receptor for advanced glycation ends (RAGEs) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also have roles and effects within tumor cells, mainly involved with mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In the clinical setting, S100A8/A9 and its receptors can be used complementarily as efficient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the biological functions of S100A8/A9 and its various receptors in tumor cells, in order to provide new insights and strategies targeting S100A8/A9 to promote novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Bartolomé RA, Casal JI. Proteomic profiling and network biology of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:357-370. [PMID: 37874121 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2275681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-based proteomic studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis have delivered fragmented results, with very few therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers moving beyond the discovery phase. This situation is likely due to the difficulties in obtaining and analyzing large numbers of patient-derived metastatic samples, the own heterogeneity of CRC, and technical limitations in proteomics discovery. As an alternative, metastatic CRC cell lines provide a flexible framework to investigate the underlying mechanisms and network biology of metastasis for target discovery. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, we comment on different in-depth proteomic studies of metastatic versus non-metastatic CRC cell lines. Identified metastasis-related proteins are introduced and discussed according to the spatial location in different cellular fractions, with special emphasis on membrane/adhesion proteins, secreted proteins, and nuclear factors, including miRNAs associated with liver metastasis. Moreover, we analyze the biological significance and potential therapeutic applications of the identified liver metastasis-related proteins. EXPERT OPINION The combination of protein discovery and functional analysis is the only way to accelerate the progress to clinical translation of the proteomic-derived findings in a relatively fast pace. Patient-derived organoids represent a promising alternative to patient tissues and cell lines, but further optimizations are still required for achieving solid and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
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Tímár J, Honn KV, Hendrix MJC, Marko-Varga G, Jalkanen S. Newly identified form of phenotypic plasticity of cancer: immunogenic mimicry. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:323-334. [PMID: 36754910 PMCID: PMC10014767 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer plasticity is now a recognized new hallmark of cancer which is due to disturbances of cell differentiation programs. It is manifested not only in various forms like the best-known epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but also in vasculogenic and megakaryocytic mimicries regulated by EMT-specific or less-specific transcription factors such as HIF1a or STAT1/2. Studies in the past decades provided ample data that cancer plasticity can be manifested also in the expression of a vast array of immune cell genes; best-known examples are PDL1/CD274, CD47, or IDO, and we termed it immunogenic mimicry (IGM). However, unlike other types of plasticities which are epigenetically regulated, expression of IGM genes are frequently due to gene amplifications. It is important that the majority of the IGM genes are regulated by interferons (IFNs) suggesting that their protein expressions are regulated by the immune microenvironment. Most of the IGM genes have been shown to be involved in immune escape of cancers broadening the repertoire of these mechanisms and offering novel targets for immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Tímár
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mary J C Hendrix
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratories, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Wang J, Sun HC, Cao C, Hu JD, Qian J, Jiang T, Jiang WB, Zhou S, Qiu XW, Wang HL. Identification and validation of a novel signature based on cell-cell communication in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by integrated analysis of single-cell transcriptome and bulk RNA-sequencing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136729. [PMID: 37213285 PMCID: PMC10196046 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The heterogeneous crosstalk between tumor cells and other cells in their microenvironment means a notable difference in clinical outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CD8+ T cells and macrophages are effector factors of the immune system, which have direct killing and phagocytosis effects on tumor cells. How the evolution of their role in the tumor microenvironment influences patients clinically remains a mystery. This study aims to investigate the complex communication networks in the HNSCC tumor immune microenvironment, elucidate the interactions between immune cells and tumors, and establish prognostic risk model. Methods 20 HNSCC samples single-cell rna sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and bulk rna-seq data were derived from public databases. The "cellchat" R package was used to identify cell-to-cell communication networks and prognostic related genes, and then cell-cell communication (ccc) molecular subtypes were constructed by unsupervised clustering. Kaplan-Meier(K-M) survival analysis, clinical characteristics analysis, immune microenvironment analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis and CD8+T cell differentiation correlation analysis were performed. Finally, the ccc gene signature including APP, ALCAM, IL6, IL10 and CD6 was constructed based on univariate Cox analysis and multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the model in the train group and the validation group, respectively. Results With CD8+T cells from naive to exhaustion state, significantly decreased expression of protective factor (CD6 gene) is associated with poorer prognosis in patients with HNSCC. The role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment has been identified as tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), which can promote tumor proliferation and help tumor cells provide more nutrients and channels to facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, based on the strength of all ccc in the tumor microenvironment, we identified five prognostic ccc gene signatures (cccgs), which were identified as independent prognostic factors by univariate and multivariate analysis. The predictive power of cccgs was well demonstrated in different clinical groups in train and test cohorts. Conclusion Our study highlights the propensity for crosstalk between tumors and other cells and developed a novel signature on the basis of a strong association gene for cell communication that has a powerful ability to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with HNSCC. This may provide some guidance for developing diagnostic biomarkers for risk stratification and therapeutic targets for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Hong-Cun Sun,
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Gurrea-Rubio M, Fox DA. The dual role of CD6 as a therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1026521. [PMID: 36275816 PMCID: PMC9579686 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1026521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease involves loss of tolerance to self-antigen, while progression of cancer reflects insufficient recognition and response of the immune system to malignant cells. Patients with immune compromised conditions tend to be more susceptible to cancer development. On the other hand, cancer treatments, especially checkpoint inhibitor therapies, can induce severe autoimmune syndromes. There is recent evidence that autoimmunity and cancer share molecular targets and pathways that may be dysregulated in both types of diseases. Therefore, there has been an increased focus on understanding these biological pathways that link cancer and its treatment with the appearance of autoimmunity. In this review, we hope to consolidate our understanding of current and emerging molecular targets used to treat both cancer and autoimmunity, with a special focus on Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 6.
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Yang Y, Sanders AJ, Ruge F, Dong X, Cui Y, Dou QP, Jia S, Hao C, Ji J, Jiang WG. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)/CD166 in pancreatic cancer, a pivotal link to clinical outcome and vascular embolism. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5917-5932. [PMID: 35018233 PMCID: PMC8727815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, or CD166) is a cell adhesion molecule and one of potential tumour metastasis 'soil' receptors that via homotypic and heterotypic interactions, mediates cancer cell adhesion. The present study investigated clinical, pathological and prognostic values of ALCAM in patients with pancreatic cancer. Human pancreatic cancer (PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2) and human vascular endothelial cell lines were used to construct cell models differentially expressing levels of ALCAM. Tumour-endothelial interaction and tumour migration were assessed by a DiI-based method and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) assay. Pancreatic cancer tissues (n=223), collected immediately after surgery, were analysed for levels of the ALCAM transcripts, which were also analysed against clinical, pathological and clinical outcomes of the patients. ALCAM protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue array. Our study demonstrate that pancreatic cancer tissues had significantly higher levels of ALCAM transcripts than normal tissues (P<0.00001). There were no significant differences with staging, differentiation and tumour locations. Tumours from patients who died of pancreatic cancer had significantly high levels of ALCAM compared with those who lived (P=0.018), and this finding was further supported by ROC analysis (P=0.016). Multivariant analysis showed that ALCAM is an independent prognosis factor for overall survival (HR=5.485), with both nodal status and TNM staging contributing to the model (HR=2.578 and 3.02, respectively). A surprising finding was the relationship between ALCAM expression and microvessel embolism of tumour cells (P=0.021, with vs without tumour embolism). Levels of ALCAM were found to be a determinant factor to adherence of the pancreatic cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells, as demonstrated by pancreatic cancer cell models genetically engineered to express differential levels of ALCAM. The tumour-endothelial interaction mediated by ALCAM was readily blocked by addition of soluble ALCAM. Our data supports the conclusion that ALCAM expression is aberrant in pancreatic cancer and its raised expression is an independent prognostic factor for the survival of the patients and the microvascular embolism by cancer cells. Our results suggest that ALCAM plays a key role in mediating tumour-endothelial cell interactions and enhancing tumour embolism in pancreatic cancer, and targeting ALCAM represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yang
- Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Xuefei Dong
- Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yuxin Cui
- Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Qing Ping Dou
- Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Shuqin Jia
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute and Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisFucheng Street, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute and Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisFucheng Street, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute and Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisFucheng Street, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff University School of MedicineHeath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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