Health-Related Quality of Life and Return to Work after Surgery for Spinal Meningioma: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Predictors of return to work after spinal surgery : systematic review and Meta-analysis

PURPOSE

To analyze the situation and influencing factors of patients returning to work after spinal surgery, and to provide reference for clinical intervention measures of patients returning to work after spinal surgery.

METHODS

A computer search was conducted in Chinese and English database on the situation and influencing factors of patients returning to work after spinal surgery from the establishment of the database to February 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and StataMP 17.0 software.

RESULTS

A total of 10 literatures were included, involving 11,548 subjects. Meta-analysis results showed that 58% of patients returned to work after spinal surgery [95%CI (0.47-0.69)]. Gender [OR = 2.41, 95%CI (1.58-3.37)], age [OR = 1.32, 95%CI (1.03-1.51)], job nature [OR = 5.94, 95%CI (3.54-9.62)], education level [OR = 0.23, 95%CI (0.06-0.48)], fear of disease progression [OR = 0.82, 95%CI (0.84-0.95)], and social support [OR = 1.21, 95%CI (1.12-1.37)] were the influencing factors for patients returning to work after spinal surgery.

CONCLUSION

The rate of patients returning to work after spinal surgery is low, and is affected by many factors. Medical personnel should pay comprehensive attention to the above high-risk groups and give timely intervention and support.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Return to Work after Surgery for Spinal Schwannoma: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Spinal schwannomas are the second most common primary intradural spinal tumor. This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the frequency of return to work after the surgical treatment of spinal schwannomas. HRQoL was compared to a sample of the general population. Patients operated for spinal schwannomas between 2006 and 2020 were identified in a previous study and those alive at follow-up (171 of 180) were asked to participate. Ninety-four (56%) responded and were included in this study. Data were compared to the Stockholm Public Health Survey 2006, a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the general population. An analysis for any potential non-response bias was performed and showed no significant differences between the groups. HRQoL was equal between the spinal schwannoma sample and the general population sample in all but one dimension; men in the spinal schwannoma sample reported more moderate problems in the usual activities dimension than men in the general population (p = 0.020). In the schwannoma sample, there were no significant differences between men and women in either of the dimensions EQ-5Dindex or EQVAS. Before surgery, a total of 71 (76%) were working full-time and after surgery almost all (94%) returned to work, most of them within 3 months of surgery. Eighty-nine (95%) of the patients responded that they would accept the surgery for their spinal schwannoma if asked again today. To conclude, surgical treatment of spinal schwannomas is associated with good HRQoL and with a high frequency of return to work.

Long-term health-related quality of life in meningioma survivors: A mixed-methods systematic review

Background

Meningiomas account for ~25% of all primary brain tumors. These tumors have a relatively favorable prognosis with ~92% of meningioma patients surviving >5 years after diagnosis. Yet, patients can report high disease burden and survivorship issues even years after treatment, affecting health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesize evidence on HRQOL in meningioma patients across long-term survival, defined as ≥2 years post-diagnosis.

Methods

Systematic literature searches were carried out using Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection. Any published, peer-reviewed articles with primary quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods data covering the physical, mental, and/or social aspects of HRQOL of meningioma survivors were included. A narrative synthesis method was used to interpret the findings.

Results

Searches returned 2253 unique publications, of which 21 were included. Of these, N = 15 involved quantitative methodology, N = 4 mixed methods, and N = 2 were qualitative reports. Patient sample survival ranged from 2.75 to 13 years. HRQOL impairment was seen across all domains. Physical issues included persevering symptoms (eg, headaches, fatigue, vision problems); mental issues comprised emotional burden (eg, high prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety) and cognitive complaints; social issues included role limitations, social isolation, and affected work productivity. Due to study heterogeneity, the impact of treatment on long-term HRQOL remains unclear.

Conclusions

The findings from this review highlight the areas of HRQOL that can be impacted in long-term survivorship for patients with meningioma. These findings could help raise awareness among clinicians and patients, facilitating support provision.

Spinal Meningiomas: Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Adjuvant Therapies

Meningiomas of the spinal canal are the most common intradural spinal canal tumors encountered in adults and account for 8% of all meningiomas. Patient presentation can vary considerably. Once diagnosed, these lesions are primarily treated surgically, but depending on location and pathological features, chemotherapy and radiosurgery may be required. Emerging modalities may represent adjuvant therapies. In this article, we review the current management of meningiomas of the spinal column.

The Beneficial Effect of Preoperative Exercise on Postoperative Clinical Outcome, Quality of Life and Return to Work after Microsurgical Resection of Spinal Meningiomas

OBJECTIVE

While outcomes of surgical treatment for spinal meningiomas are well-described within the literature, factors affecting early return to work as well as long-term health related quality of life remain unclear.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, patients with spinal meningioma and surgical treatment from two university-level neurosurgical institutions between 2008 and 2021 were analyzed. Time to return to work, physical activities and long-term health related quality of life (assessed by telephone interviews using the EQ-5D-5L health status measure and visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) were analyzed.

RESULTS

We identified a total of 196 patients who underwent microsurgical resection of spinal meningioma between January 2008 and December 2021. Of those, 130 patients of working age were included and analyzed. The median follow-up time was 96 months. All included patients returned to work. The median time of return to work was 45 days for the whole cohort. Patients who preoperatively performed physical activity returned to work significantly earlier compared to patients who did not (p < 0.001). Furthermore, younger age (p = 0.033) and absence of obesity (p = 0.023) correlated significantly with earlier return to work. Significant differences were also observed in all 5 EQ-5D-5L dimensions between patients with and without preoperative physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the benign nature of spinal meningioma preoperative physical activity and physiological body weight are associated with favorable postoperative outcome, higher quality of life and early return to work.

Spinal meningiomas, from biology to management - A literature review

Meningiomas arise from arachnoidal cap cells of the meninges, constituting the most common type of central nervous system tumors, and are considered benign tumors in most cases. Their incidence increases with age, and they mainly affect females, constituting 25-46% of primary spinal tumors. Spinal meningiomas could be detected incidentally or be unraveled by various neurological symptoms (e.g., back pain, sphincter dysfunction, sensorimotor deficits). The gold standard diagnostic modality for spinal meningiomas is Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which permits their classification into four categories based on their radiological appearance. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the majority of spinal meningiomas are grade 1. Nevertheless, they can be of higher grade (grades 2 and 3) with atypical or malignant histology and a more aggressive course. To date, surgery is the best treatment where the big majority of meningiomas can be cured. Advances in surgical techniques (ultrasonic dissection, microsurgery, intraoperative monitoring) increase the complete resection rate. Operated patients have a satisfactory prognosis, even in those with poor preoperative neurological status. Adjuvant therapy has a growing role in treating spinal meningiomas, mainly in the case of subtotal resection and tumor recurrence. The current paper reviews the fundamental epidemiological and clinical aspects of spinal meningiomas, their histological and genetic characteristics, and their management, including the various surgical novelties and techniques.

Current Knowledge on Spinal Meningiomas-Surgical Treatment, Complications, and Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Part 2)

Background: Most of the knowledge on spinal meningiomas is extrapolated from their intracranial counterparts, even though they are considered separate entities. This review aimed to systematically summarize studies covering different aspects of spinal meningiomas and their management. Methods: Databases were searched for all studies concerning spinal meningiomas dating from 2000 and onwards. When possible, a meta-analysis was performed. Results: Neurological outcomes of surgery were consistently favorable across studies, with a complication rate of 7.9% and 78.9% of the patients demonstrating good postoperative neurological function (McCormick score 1−2). The most relevant predictors of unfavorable outcomes were poor preoperative status, longer time from diagnosis to surgery, and surgery of recurrent tumors. The recurrence rate after surgery was estimated at 6%. Meta-analysis and/or survival analysis revealed that higher WHO grade (p < 0.001), higher Simpson grade (p < 0.001), ventral tumor location (p = 0.02), and male sex (p = 0.014) were all associated with higher odds of recurrence. However, the meta-analysis did not show any difference between Simpson grade 1 and grade 2 with respect to the odds of recurrence (p = 0.94). Surgery provided immediate and durable health-related quality-of-life improvement, as well as a high frequency of return to work. Conclusion: Spinal meningioma surgery is a relatively safe procedure with a low risk of tumor recurrence and high likelihood of favorable postoperative outcomes.

Unsuccessful external validation of the MAC-score for predicting increased MIB-1 index in patients with spinal meningiomas

OBJECTIVE

Recently, the MAC-spinal meningioma score (MAC-score) was proposed to preoperatively identify spinal meningioma patients with high MIB-1 indices. Risk factors were age ≥ 65 years, a modified McCormick score (mMCs) ≥ 2, and absence of tumor calcification. The aim of this study was to externally validate the MAC-score in an independent cohort.

METHODS

Using the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as in the original study, we performed a retrospective, single-center, population-based, cohort study that included patients who had undergone surgical treatment for spinal meningiomas between 2005 - 2017. Data was collected from patient charts and radiographic images. Validation was performed by applying the MAC-score to our cohort and evaluating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

RESULTS

In total, 108 patients were included. Baseline and outcome data were comparable to the original development study. An increased MIB-1 index (≥5%) was observed in 56 (52%) patients. AUC of the MAC-score in our validation cohort was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.51 - 0.71), which corresponds to a poor discriminative ability.

CONCLUSION

The MAC-score showed poor discriminative ability for MIB-1 index prediction in patients with spinal meningiomas. Moreover, the MAC-score rests on a weak theoretical and statistical foundation. Consequently, we argue against its clinical implementation.

Long-Term Follow-Up, Treatment Strategies, Functional Outcome, and Health-Related Quality of Life after Surgery for WHO Grade 2 and 3 Intracranial Meningiomas

Simple Summary

Meningiomas are the most common group of primary intracranial tumors. While the majority are classified as WHO grade 1, WHO grade 2 and 3 meningiomas have poorer outcomes, even after gross total resection, and often require supplementary treatment. Long-term follow-up data regarding the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for grade 2 and 3 tumors are scarce, and data evaluating the routine use of supplementary radiotherapy and radiosurgery have been inconclusive. Furthermore, few studies have reported data on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, and depression for these patients. In this population-based cohort study, we reviewed 51 cases of WHO grade 2 and 3 meningiomas. We found that the median OS was 13 years for grade 2 and 1.4 years for grade 3 meningiomas. Meningioma was the cause of death in 93% of the patients who passed away. The surviving patients showed HRQoL measures comparable to that of the general population, with the exception of significantly more anxiety and depression. All patients who worked preoperatively returned to work after their treatment.

Abstract

Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for WHO grade 2 and 3 intracranial meningiomas are poorly described, and long-term results and data evaluating the routine use of supplementary fractionated radiotherapy (RT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term PFS and OS at a center that does not employ routine adjuvant RT. For this purpose, a retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted of all WHO grade 2 and 3 meningiomas surgically treated between 2005 and 2013. The cohort was uniformly defined according to the WHO 2007 criteria to allow comparisons to previously published reports. Patient records were reviewed, and patients were then prospectively contacted for structured quality-of-life assessments. In total, 51 consecutive patients were included, of whom 43 were WHO grade 2 and 8 were grade 3. A Simpson grade 1–2 resection was achieved in 62%. The median PFS was 31 months for grade 2 tumors, and 3.4 months for grade 3. The median OS was 13 years for grade 2, and 1.4 years for grade 3. The MIB-1-index was significantly associated with an increased risk for recurrence (p = 0.018, OR 1.12). The median PFS was significantly shorter for high-risk tumors compared to the low-risk group (10 vs. 46 months; p = 0.018). The surviving meningioma patients showed HRQoL measures comparable to that of the general population, with the exception of significantly more anxiety and depression. All patients who worked before surgery returned to work after their treatment. In conclusion, we confirm dismal prognoses in patients with grade 2 and 3 meningiomas, with tumor-related deaths resulting in severely reduced OS. However, the cohort was heterogenous, and a large subgroup of both grade 2 and 3 meningiomas was alive at 10 years follow-up, suggesting that a cure is possible. In addition, fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy had little benefit when introduced for recurrent and progressive diseases.

Functional Outcome in Spinal Meningioma Surgery and Use of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring

Data on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) during spinal meningioma (SM) surgery are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the role of IOM and its impact on post-operative functional outcome. Eighty-six consecutive surgically treated SM patients were included. We assessed pre and post-operative Modified McCormick Scale (mMCS), radiological and histopathological data and IOM findings. Degree of cord compression was associated with preoperative mMCS and existence of motor or sensory deficits (p < 0.001). IOM was used in 51 (59.3%) patients (IOM-group). Median pre and post-operative mMCS was II and I, respectively (p < 0.001). Fifty-seven (66.3%) patients showed an improvement of at least one grade in the mMCS one year after surgery. In the IOM group, only one patient had worsened neurological status, and this was correctly predicted by alterations in evoked potentials. Analysis of both groups found no significantly better neurological outcome in the IOM group, but IOM led to changes in surgical strategy in complex cases. Resection of SM is safe and leads to improved neurological outcome in most cases. Both complication and tumor recurrence rates were low. We recommend the use of IOM in surgically challenging cases, such as completely ossified or large ventrolateral SM.

Proliferative Potential, and Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Meningioma Correlate with Neurological Function at Presentation and Anatomical Location-From Convexity to Skull Base and Spine

Emerging evidence emphasizes the prognostic importance of meningioma location. The present investigation evaluates whether progression-free survival (PFS), proliferative potential, World Health Organization (WHO) grades, and inflammatory burden differ between anatomical locations (skull base, non-skull base, and spinal) meningiomas. Five-hundred-forty-one patients underwent Simpson grade I or II resection for WHO grade 1 or 2 meningiomas. Univariable analysis revealed that spinal meningioma patients are significantly older, had a worse baseline Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), higher acute-phase protein levels, lower incidence of WHO grade 2, lower mitotic counts, lower MIB-1 index, and less CD68+ macrophage infiltrates. Multivariable analysis identified WHO grade 2 (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-3.7, p = 0.02) and cranial location (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.8-4.9, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of diffuse CD68+ macrophage infiltrates. The mean PFS in cranial meningiomas was 115.9 months (95% CI: 107.5-124.3), compared to 162.2 months (95% CI: 150.5-174.0; log-rank test: p = 0.02) in spinal meningiomas. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed cranial location as an independent predictor (HR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.0-21.3, p = 0.04) of shortened PFS. Increased MIB-1 indices ≥5% were significantly associated with location-specific deficits at presentation, such as decreased vision and seizure burden. Spinal meningiomas have a significantly longer PFS time and differ from the cranial meningiomas regarding MIB-1 index and density of tumor-associated macrophages.

Long-term outcome following surgical treatment of posttraumatic tethered cord syndrome: a retrospective population-based cohort study

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the long-term outcome following surgery for posttraumatic spinal cord tethering (PSCT).

SETTING

Publicly funded tertiary care center.

METHODS

Patients surgically treated for PSCT between 2005-2020 were identified and included. No patients were excluded or lost to follow-up. Medical records and imaging data were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS

Seventeen patients were included. Median age was 52 (23-69) years and 7 (41%) were female. PSCT was diagnosed at a median of 5.0 (0.6-27) years after the initial trauma. Motor deficit was the most common neurological manifestation (71%), followed by sensory deficit (53%), spasticity (53%), pain (41%) and gait disturbance (24%). Median follow-up time was 5.1 (0.7-13) years. Fifteen patients (88%) showed satisfactory results following untethering, defined as improvement or halted progression of one or more of the presenting symptoms. Treatment goals were met for motor symptoms in 92%, sensory loss in 100%, spasticity in 100%, gait disturbance in 100% and pain in 86%. Statistically, a significant improvement in motor deficit (p = 0.031) and syrinx decrease (p = 0.004) was also seen. A postoperative complication occurred in four patients: three cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and one postoperative hematoma. Two patients showed a negative surgical outcome: 1 with increased neck pain and 1 with left arm weakness following the postoperative hematoma.

CONCLUSION

Surgical treatment of PSCT results in improved neurological function or halted neurological deterioration in the vast majority of patients.