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Tang S, Sun R, Tang K, Wei X, Liu M, Zhang H. A novel prognostic model for predicting patient survival and immunotherapy responsiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into the involvement of T-cell proliferation. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1368-1383. [PMID: 38123874 PMCID: PMC11108937 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer-associated biological mechanisms and the implementation of immunotherapy are heavily impacted by the activities of T cells, consequently influencing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, the mechanistic actions of T-cell proliferation in response to immunotherapy and the overall prognosis of individuals diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains insufficiently understood. The present work seeks to present a comprehensive analysis immune landscape in the context of HCC. METHODS To achieve this objective, both clinical data and RNA sequencing data were acquired from authoritative databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULTS Through the utilization of consensus clustering techniques, distinct molecular subtypes associated with T-cell proliferation were delineated. Following this, seven genes of prognostic significance were identified via a combination of Cox and Lasso regression analyses. By integrating these genes into a prognostic signature, the predictive capability of the model was verified through an examination of internal and external datasets. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR tests have verified the reliability of prognostic markers. Notably, the high-risk group exhibited elevated expression of immune checkpoint genes as well as higher benefit in terms of drug sensitivity testing, as determined by the Chi-square test (P < 0.001). The risk score derived from the prognostic signature depicted considerable efficacy in predicting the survival outcomes of HCC cases. CONCLUSIONS Overall, prognostic markers may become valuable predictive tool for individuals diagnosed with HCC, allowing for the prediction of their prognosis as well as the assessment of their immunological condition and response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Kechao Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Fioretzaki R, Sarantis P, Charalampakis N, Christofidis K, Mylonakis A, Koustas E, Karamouzis MV, Sakellariou S, Schizas D. Progastrin: An Overview of Its Crucial Role in the Tumorigenesis of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Biomedicines 2024; 12:885. [PMID: 38672239 PMCID: PMC11047876 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Defining predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies and optimizing anti-tumor immune response is a main challenge in ongoing investigations. Progastrin has been studied as a potential biomarker for detecting and diagnosing various malignancies, and its secretion has been associated with cell proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract that may promote tumorigenesis. Progastrin is a precursor molecule of gastrin, synthesized as pre-progastrin, converted to progastrin after cleavage, and transformed into amidated gastrin via biosynthetic intermediates. In cancer, progastrin does not maturate in gastrin and becomes a circulating and detectable protein (hPG80). The development of cancer is thought to be dependent on the progressive dysregulation of normal signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, thus conferring a growth advantage to the cells. Understanding the interaction between progastrin and the immune system is essential for developing future cancer strategies. To that end, the present review will approach the interlink between gastrointestinal cancers and progastrin by exploring the underlying molecular steps involved in the initiation, evolution, and progression of gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, this review will focus on the clinical applications of progastrin and investigate its possible use as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor circulating biomarker for disease progression and treatment effectiveness, as well as its potential role as an innovative cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodanthi Fioretzaki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.F.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Charalampakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital of Piraeus, 18537 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Christofidis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Adam Mylonakis
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.F.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Stratigoula Sakellariou
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.F.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
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Lin Q, Jiang Z, Mo D, Liu F, Qin Y, Liang Y, Cheng Y, Huang H, Fang M. Beta2-Microglobulin as Predictive Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Development of a New Nomogram. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1813-1825. [PMID: 37850078 PMCID: PMC10577246 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s425344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate prognosis is crucial for improving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, clinical management, and outcomes post-liver resection. However, the lack of reliable prognostic indicators poses a significant challenge. This study aimed to develop a user-friendly nomogram to predict HCC patients' post-resection prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data from 1091 HCC patients, randomly split into training (n=767) and validation (n=324) cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the optimal cut-off value for alpha1-microglobulin (α1MG) and Beta2-microglobulin (β2MG). Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed microglobulin's impact on survival, followed by Cox regression to identify prognostic factors and construct a nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were measured by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, area under the ROC curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA), and were compared with the BCLC staging system, Edmondson grade, or BCLC stage plus Edmondson grade. Results Patients with high β2MG (≥2.395mg/L) had worse overall survival (OS). The nomogram integrated β2MG, BCLC stage, Edmondson grade, microvascular invasion (MVI), and serum carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) levels. C-index for training and validation cohorts (0.712 and 0.709) outperformed the BCLC stage (0.660 and 0.657), Edmondson grade (0.579 and 0.564), and the combination of BCLC stage with Edmondson grade (0.681 and 0.668), improving prognosis prediction. Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed survival. AUC values exceeded 0.700 over time, highlighting the nomogram's discriminative ability. DCA revealed superior overall net income compared to other systems, emphasizing its clinical utility. Conclusion Our β2MG-based nomogram accurately predicts HCC patients' post-resection prognosis, aiding intervention and follow-up planning. Significantly, our nomogram surpasses existing prognostic indicators, including BCLC stage, Edmondson grade, and the combination of BCLC stage with Edmondson grade, by demonstrating superior predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Mo
- Department of Breast, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanning, 530025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihua Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Wuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Doucet L, Cailleteau A, Vaugier L, Gourmelon C, Bureau M, Salaud C, Roualdes V, Samarut E, Aumont M, Zenatri M, Loussouarn D, Quillien V, Bocquet F, Payen-Gay L, Joubert D, Prieur A, Robert M, Frenel JS. Association between post-operative hPG 80 (circulating progastrin) detectable level and worse prognosis in glioblastoma. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101626. [PMID: 37713930 PMCID: PMC10594012 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with glioblastomas have a dismal prognosis, and there is no circulating predictive or prognostic biomarker. Circulating progastrin, hPG80, is a tumor-promoting peptide present in the blood of patients with various cancers that has been shown to have prognostic value. We evaluated the prognostic value of plasma hPG80 in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild type glioblastoma after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicentric retrospective study in glioblastoma patients treated with standard radio-chemotherapy was conducted. The hPG80 levels were measured in plasma EDTA samples collected after surgery with an ELISA DxPG80.lab kit (Biodena Care, Montpellier, France), which has a detection threshold of 1.2 pM. The relationship between post-operative hPG80 plasma levels, in combination with other known prognostic factors, and patients' progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were assessable. Plasma samples were collected after tumor biopsy (B), partial resection (PR), and complete resection (CR) for 22, 25, and 22 patients, respectively. At a median concentration of 5.37 pM (interquartile range 0.00-13.90 pM), hPG80 was detected in 48 (70%) patients (hPG80+). CR was associated with significant lower values of hPG80 levels: the median value was 0.7 versus 9.1 pM for PR (P = 0.02) and 8.3 pM for B (P = 0.004). The hPG80 detection rate was also significantly lower: 50% (CR) versus 72% (PR) versus 86% (B) (P = 0.005). The median follow-up was 39 months [22.4 months-not reached]. hPG80 post-operative detection was associated with numerically shorter PFS (6.4 versus 9.4 months, P = 0.13) and OS (14.5 versus 20.9 months, P = 0.11). In multivariate analysis, hPG80 was a prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Circulating hPG80 could serve as a new prognostic biomarker after surgery in patients with glioblastoma treated with radio-chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Doucet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - A Cailleteau
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - L Vaugier
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - C Gourmelon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - M Bureau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - C Salaud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - V Roualdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - E Samarut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - M Aumont
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - M Zenatri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - D Loussouarn
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - V Quillien
- Department of Biology, Centre Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - F Bocquet
- Data Factory & Analytics, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - L Payen-Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology and Transfer Unit, Cancer Institute of Hospices Civils De Lyon, Pierre Benite, France
| | | | | | - M Robert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - J-S Frenel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
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Prieur A, Harper A, Khan M, Vire B, Joubert D, Payen L, Kopciuk K. Plasma hPG 80 (Circulating Progastrin) as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for early-stage breast cancer in a breast cancer cohort. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:305. [PMID: 37016331 PMCID: PMC10071601 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and metastases are still frequent outcomes after initial tumour control in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Although therapies are selected based on tumour characteristics measured at baseline, prognostic biomarkers can identify those at risk of poor outcomes. Circulating progastrin or hPG80 was found to be associated with survival outcomes in renal and hepatocellular carcinomas and was a plausible prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. METHODS Women with incident breast cancers from Calgary, Alberta, Canada enrolled in the Breast to Bone (B2B) study between 2010 to 2016 and provided blood samples prior to any treatment initiation. Plasma from these baseline samples were analysed for circulating progastrin or hPG80. Participant characteristics as well as tumour ones were evaluated for their association with hPG80 and survival outcomes (time to recurrence, recurrence - free survival, breast cancer specific survival and overall survival) in Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS The 464 participants with measurable hPG80 in this study had an average age of 57.03 years (standard deviation of 11.17 years) and were predominantly diagnosed with Stage I (52.2%) and Stage II (40.1%) disease. A total of 50 recurrences and 50 deaths were recorded as of June 2022. In Cox PH regression models adjusted for chemotherapy, radiation therapy, cancer stage and age at diagnosis, log hPG80 (pmol/L) significantly increased the risks for recurrence (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.330, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = (0.995 - 1.777, p = 0.054)), recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.399, 95% CI = (1.106 - 1.770), p = 0.005) and overall survival (HR = 1.385, 95% CI = (1.046 - 1.834), = 0.023) but not for breast cancer specific survival (HR = 1.015, 95% CI = (0.684 - 1.505), p = 0.942). CONCLUSIONS hPG80 levels measured at diagnosis were significantly associated with the risk of recurrence or death from any cause in women with breast cancer. Since the recurrence rates of breast cancer are still relatively high amongst women diagnosed at an early stage, identifying women at high risk of recurrence at their time of diagnosis is important. hPG80 is a promising new prognostic biomarker that could improve the identification of women at higher risk of poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Prieur
- Biodena Care, 2040 Avenue du Père Soulas, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Harper
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, 2210 - 2 Street SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Momtafin Khan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, 2210 - 2 Street SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Bérengère Vire
- Biodena Care, 2040 Avenue du Père Soulas, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Joubert
- Biodena Care, 2040 Avenue du Père Soulas, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Lyon Sud Hospital, 69310, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Karen Kopciuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, 2210 - 2 Street SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.
- Departments of Oncology, Mathematics and Statistics, Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Casile M, Passildas J, Vire B, Molnar I, Durando X. hPG 80 (circulating progastrin) as a blood biomarker for high-grade glial tumors: A pilot study. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1073476. [PMID: 36712425 PMCID: PMC9874683 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1073476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the long-term prognosis and survival rate of patients with high-grade glial tumors remains poor and there are no biomarkers. hPG80 (circulating progastrin) secreted into the blood by tumor cells has been widely studied in colorectal cancer. Its involvement in tumorigenesis has been demonstrated in the literature. Moreover, according to a recent study, hPG80 is expressed in the blood of cancer patients at a significantly higher concentration than in the control group composed of healthy blood donors. Methods The PROGLIO study is a pilot, single-center, longitudinal study that primarily seeks to evaluate circulating plasma hPG80 concentrations over time in patients with high-grade glial tumors. A fasting blood sample will be taken on the start and end day of radiotherapy and during the adjuvant chemotherapy (every 3 cycles). Follow-up monitoring will be performed for 9 months, with a blood sample taken every 3 months on the day of the follow-up MRI. The study plans to recruit 30 patients and recruitment started in February 2022. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT05157594; registered on October 27, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Casile
- INSERM U1240 IMoST, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,UMR 501, Clinical Investigation Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clinical Research and Innovation Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France,*Correspondence: Melanie Casile ✉
| | - Judith Passildas
- INSERM U1240 IMoST, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,UMR 501, Clinical Investigation Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clinical Research and Innovation Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Ioana Molnar
- INSERM U1240 IMoST, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,UMR 501, Clinical Investigation Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clinical Research and Innovation Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Durando
- INSERM U1240 IMoST, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,UMR 501, Clinical Investigation Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clinical Research and Innovation Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Oncology Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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You B, Assenat E, Payen L, Mazard T, Glehen O, Calattini S, Villeneuve L, Lescuyer G, Vire B, Ychou M. [hPG 80 and cancer: A new blood biomarker in development for patient monitoring]. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:707-713. [PMID: 35597620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances coupled with our improved understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with cancer development have enabled better overall patient care. Among the newly identified biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA or circulating tumor cells, hPG80 (circulating progastrin) that is easy to detect and quantify by a simple ELISA assay has the potential to become a new routine clinical tool in oncology if on-going studies validated its utility. Indeed, on the one hand, hPG80 was found in the blood of patients with different tumors (colorectal, pancreatic, liver, lung, stomach, kidney cancers) at a significantly higher concentration than in healthy donors. Moreover, some studies suggested a potential association between hPG80 concentration changes and anti-cancer treatment efficacy in patients with gastro-intestinal and hepatocellular carcinomas. Finally, hPG80 might be a prognostic factor for overall survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma cancer (mRCC) and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). If these hypotheses were validated, hPG80 might help better stratify patients according to their prognosis, and also become a tool to monitor relapse and predict treatment response. Prospective validation studies are on-going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit You
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, HCL, CITOHL, UR 3738 CICLY, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Assenat
- Hôpital Saint-Éloi, CNRS UMR 5535, Département d'Oncologie Médicale, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, HCL, CITOHL, UR 3738 CICLY, Lyon, France
| | - Thibault Mazard
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Unité d'Oncologie Médicale, Val d'Aurelle, 208, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, HCL, CITOHL, UR 3738 CICLY, Lyon, France; Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Calattini
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, HCL, CITOHL, UR 3738 CICLY, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Villeneuve
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, HCL, CITOHL, UR 3738 CICLY, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Recherche et d'Epidémiologie Cliniques, Lyon, France
| | - Gaëlle Lescuyer
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, HCL, CITOHL, UR 3738 CICLY, Lyon, France
| | - Bérengère Vire
- Biodena Care, 2040, avenue du Père-Soulas, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Marc Ychou
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Unité d'Oncologie Médicale, Val d'Aurelle, 208, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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