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Banerjee S, Hatimuria M, Sarkar K, Das J, Pabbathi A, Sil PC. Recent Contributions of Mass Spectrometry-Based "Omics" in the Studies of Breast Cancer. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:137-180. [PMID: 38011513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most heterogeneous groups of cancer. As every biotype of BC is unique and presents a particular "omic" signature, they are increasingly characterized nowadays with novel mass spectrometry (MS) strategies. BC therapeutic approaches are primarily based on the two features of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity. Various strategic MS implementations are reported in studies of BC also involving data independent acquisitions (DIAs) of MS which report novel differential proteomic, lipidomic, proteogenomic, phosphoproteomic, and metabolomic characterizations associated with the disease and its therapeutics. Recently many "omic" studies have aimed to identify distinct subsidiary biotypes for diagnosis, prognosis, and targets of treatment. Along with these, drug-induced-resistance phenotypes are characterized by "omic" changes. These identifying aspects of the disease may influence treatment outcomes in the near future. Drug quantifications and characterizations are also done regularly and have implications in therapeutic monitoring and in drug efficacy assessments. We report these studies, mentioning their implications toward the understanding of BC. We briefly provide the MS instrumentation principles that are adopted in such studies as an overview with a brief outlook on DIA-MS strategies. In all of these, we have chosen a model cancer for its revelations through MS-based "omics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Surendranath College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Madushmita Hatimuria
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram India
| | - Kasturi Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Ashok Pabbathi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Department of Molecular Medicine Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
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Park S, Choi C, Kim H, Shin YJ, Oh Y, Park W, Cho WK, Kim N. Olaparib enhances sensitization of BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells to x-rays and protons. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:449-461. [PMID: 37902934 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the radiosensitizing effect of the PARP inhibitor, Olaparib, between proton and X-rays irradiations in BRCA-proficient breast cancer (BC) cells. METHODS Two BRCA-proficient BC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and T47D BC, were used. Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and radiosensitivity was determined through the clonogenic survival assay. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The kinetics of DNA damage repair were evaluated using γH2AX immunofluorescence imaging and the comet assay. Tumor spheroid assays were conducted to test radiosensitivity in a three-dimensional culture condition. RESULTS Olaparib sensitized both MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells to proton and X-ray irradiation in the clonogenic assay. MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a higher dose enhancement factor for Olaparib than T47D cells. Olaparib increased radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis specifically in MDA-MB-231 cells. γH2AX immunostaining and the comet assay showed Olaparib augmented radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. The enhancement effect of Olaparib was more pronounced in proton irradiation than in X-ray irradiation, particularly in MDA-MB-231 cells than T47D cells. Both radiation and Olaparib dose-dependently inhibited spheroid growth in both cell lines. The synergy scores demonstrated that Olaparib interacted more strongly with protons than X-rays. The addition of an ATR inhibitor further enhanced Olaparib-induced proton radiosensitization in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION This study found that Olaparib enhanced radiation efficacy in BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells, with a more pronounced effect observed with proton irradiation compared to X-ray irradiation. Combining Olaparib with an ATR inhibitor increased the radiosensitizing effect of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haeyoung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Oh
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
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Akula S, Gonzalez CG, Kermet S, Burleson M. Natural compounds solasonine and alisol B23-acetate target GLI3 signaling to block oncogenesis in MED12-altered breast cancer. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 13:127-135. [PMID: 38915457 PMCID: PMC11194031 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2024.49044.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide thereby highlighting the critical need to find superior treatment strategies for this disease. In the current era of cancer treatment, personalized medicine is garnering much attention as this type of treatment is more selective thereby minimizing harmful side effects. Personalized medicine is dependent upon knowing the underlying genetic landscape of the initial tumor. In our study, we focused our efforts on a specific subset of breast cancer that harbors genetic alterations in the Mediator subunit 12 (MED12). Our results show that loss of MED12 leads to enhanced cellular proliferation and colony formation of breast cancer cells through a mechanism that involves activation of GLI3-dependent SHH signaling, a pathway that is central to breast development and homeostasis. To find a personalized treatment option for this subset of breast cancer, we employed a natural compound screening strategy which uncovered a total of ten compounds that selectively target MED12 knockdown breast cancer cells. Our results show that two of these ten compounds, solasonine and alisol B23-acetate, block GLI3-dependent SHH signaling which leads to a reversal of enhanced cellular proliferation and colony formation ability. Thus, our findings provide promising insight into a novel personalized treatment strategy for patients suffering from MED12-altered breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Akula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cristian G. Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sophia Kermet
- Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marieke Burleson
- Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kelly PE, Ng HJ, Farrell G, McKirdy S, Russell RK, Hansen R, Rattray Z, Gerasimidis K, Rattray NJW. An Optimised Monophasic Faecal Extraction Method for LC-MS Analysis and Its Application in Gastrointestinal Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:1110. [PMID: 36422250 PMCID: PMC9698041 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic approaches are widely used to investigate underlying pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease and mechanism of action of treatments. However, there is an unmet requirement to assess faecal metabolite extraction methods for large-scale metabolomics studies. Current methods often rely on biphasic extractions using harmful halogenated solvents, making automation and large-scale studies challenging. The present study reports an optimised monophasic faecal extraction protocol that is suitable for untargeted and targeted LC-MS analyses. The impact of several experimental parameters, including sample weight, extraction solvent, cellular disruption method, and sample-to-solvent ratio, were investigated. It is suggested that a 50 mg freeze-dried faecal sample should be used in a methanol extraction (1:20) using bead beating as the means of cell disruption. This is revealed by a significant increase in number of metabolites detected, improved signal intensity, and wide metabolic coverage given by each of the above extraction parameters. Finally, we addressed the applicability of the method on faecal samples from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and coeliac disease (CoD), two distinct chronic gastrointestinal diseases involving metabolic perturbations. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated the ability of the developed method to detect and stratify metabolites extracted from patient groups and healthy controls (HC), highlighting characteristic changes in the faecal metabolome according to disease. The method developed is, therefore, suitable for the analysis of patients with gastrointestinal disease and can be used to detect and distinguish differences in the metabolomes of CD, CoD, and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. Kelly
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Bacteria, Immunology, Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Omics (BINGO) Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - H Jene Ng
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gillian Farrell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Shona McKirdy
- Bacteria, Immunology, Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Omics (BINGO) Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard K. Russell
- Bacteria, Immunology, Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Omics (BINGO) Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Bacteria, Immunology, Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Omics (BINGO) Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G52 4TF, UK
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Bacteria, Immunology, Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Omics (BINGO) Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Bacteria, Immunology, Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Omics (BINGO) Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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