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Chudy P, Kochan J, Wawro M, Nguyen P, Gorczyca M, Varanko A, Retka A, Ghadei SS, Napieralska E, Grochot-Przęczek A, Szade K, Berendes LS, Park J, Sokołowski G, Yu Q, Józkowicz A, Nowak WN, Krzeptowski W. Heme oxygenase-1 protects cells from replication stress. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103247. [PMID: 39047636 PMCID: PMC11321372 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, HMOX1) degrades heme protecting cells from heme-induced oxidative damage. Beyond its well-established cellular functions, heme has emerged as a stabilizer of G-quadruplexes. These secondary DNA structures interfere with DNA replication. We recently revealed that nuclear HO-1 colocalizes with DNA G-quadruplexes and promotes their removal. Here, we investigate whether HO-1 safeguards cells against replication stress. Experiments were conducted in control and HMOX1-deficient HEK293T cell lines. Immunostaining unveiled that DNA G-quadruplexes accumulated in the absence of HO-1, the effect that was further enhanced in response to δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a substrate in heme synthesis. This was associated with replication stress, as evidenced by an elevated proportion of stalled forks analyzed by fiber assay. We observed the same effects in hematopoietic stem cells isolated from Hmox1 knockout mice and in a lymphoblastoid cell line from an HMOX1-deficient patient. Interestingly, in the absence of HO-1, the speed of fork progression was higher, and the response to DNA conformational hindrance less stringent, indicating dysfunction of the PARP1-p53-p21 axis. PARP1 activity was not decreased in the absence of HO-1. Instead, we observed that HO-1 deficiency impairs the nuclear import and accumulation of p53, an effect dependent on the removal of excess heme. We also demonstrated that administering ALA is a more specific method for increasing intracellular free heme compared to treatment with hemin, which in turn induces strong lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that protection against replication stress is a universal feature of HO-1, presumably contributing to its widely recognized cytoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Chudy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Kochan
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wawro
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Phu Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Gorczyca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aliaksandra Varanko
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Retka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Swati Sweta Ghadei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilija Napieralska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Grochot-Przęczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lea-Sophie Berendes
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julien Park
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Sokołowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Qiuliyang Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold N Nowak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Krzeptowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Saville KM, Al-Rahahleh RQ, Siddiqui AH, Andrews ME, Roos WP, Koczor CA, Andrews JF, Hayat F, Migaud ME, Sobol RW. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate suppresses basal protein levels of DNA polymerase beta that enhances alkylating agent and PARG inhibition induced cytotoxicity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103700. [PMID: 38897003 PMCID: PMC11239280 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 1 (IDH1) are primarily found in secondary glioblastoma (GBM) and low-grade glioma but are rare in primary GBM. The standard treatment for GBM includes radiation combined with temozolomide, an alkylating agent. Fortunately, IDH1 mutant gliomas are sensitive to this treatment, resulting in a more favorable prognosis. However, it's estimated that up to 75 % of IDH1 mutant gliomas will progress to WHO grade IV over time and develop resistance to alkylating agents. Therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) by which IDH1 mutant gliomas confer sensitivity to alkylating agents is crucial for developing targeted chemotherapeutic approaches. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is responsible for repairing most base damage induced by alkylating agents. Defects in this pathway can lead to hypersensitivity to these agents due to unresolved DNA damage. The coordinated assembly and disassembly of BER protein complexes are essential for cell survival and for maintaining genomic integrity following alkylating agent exposure. These complexes rely on poly-ADP-ribose formation, an NAD+-dependent post-translational modification synthesized by PARP1 and PARP2 during the BER process. At the lesion site, poly-ADP-ribose facilitates the recruitment of XRCC1. This scaffold protein helps assemble BER proteins like DNA polymerase beta (Polβ), a bifunctional DNA polymerase containing both DNA synthesis and 5'-deoxyribose-phosphate lyase (5'dRP lyase) activity. Here, we confirm that IDH1 mutant glioma cells have defective NAD+ metabolism, but still produce sufficient nuclear NAD+ for robust PARP1 activation and BER complex formation in response to DNA damage. However, the overproduction of 2-hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite produced by the IDH1 R132H mutant protein, suppresses BER capacity by reducing Polβ protein levels. This defines a novel mechanism by which the IDH1 mutation in gliomas confers cellular sensitivity to alkylating agents and to inhibitors of the poly-ADP-ribose glycohydrolase, PARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Saville
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Rasha Q Al-Rahahleh
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Aisha H Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Morgan E Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Wynand P Roos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Christopher A Koczor
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Joel F Andrews
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
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Al-Rahahleh RQ, Saville KM, Andrews JF, Wu Z, Koczor CA, Sobol RW. Overexpression of the WWE domain of RNF146 modulates poly-(ADP)-ribose dynamics at sites of DNA damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.29.573650. [PMID: 38234836 PMCID: PMC10793466 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification formed by transfer of successive units of ADP-ribose to target proteins to form poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) chains. PAR plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR) by acting as a signaling platform to promote the recruitment of DNA repair factors to the sites of DNA damage that bind via their PAR-binding domains (PBDs). Several classes of PBD families have been recognized, which identify distinct parts of the PAR chain. Proteins encoding PBDs play an essential role in conveying the PAR-mediated signal through their interaction with PAR chains, which mediates many cellular functions, including the DDR. The WWE domain identifies the iso-ADP-ribose moiety of the PAR chain. We recently described the WWE domain of RNF146 as a robust genetically encoded probe, when fused to EGFP, for detection of PAR in live cells. Here, we evaluated other PBD candidates as molecular PAR probes in live cells, including several other WWE domains and an engineered macrodomain. In addition, we demonstrate unique PAR dynamics when tracked by different PAR binding domains, a finding that that can be exploited for modulation of the PAR-dependent DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Q. Al-Rahahleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Kate M. Saville
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Joel F. Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Zhijin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Christopher A. Koczor
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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Jackson LM, Moldovan GL. Mechanisms of PARP1 inhibitor resistance and their implications for cancer treatment. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac042. [PMID: 36568963 PMCID: PMC9773381 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of synthetic lethality as a result of the combined loss of PARP1 and BRCA has revolutionized the treatment of DNA repair-deficient cancers. With the development of PARP inhibitors, patients displaying germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were presented with a novel therapeutic strategy. However, a large subset of patients do not respond to PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, many of those who do respond eventually acquire resistance. As such, combating de novo and acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors remains an obstacle in achieving durable responses in patients. In this review, we touch on some of the key mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance, including restoration of homologous recombination, replication fork stabilization and suppression of single-stranded DNA gap accumulation, as well as address novel approaches for overcoming PARP inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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