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Wang X, Feng Y, Wang F, Lin Z, Huang J, Li Q, Luo H, Liu X, Zhai X, Gao Q, Li L, Zhang Y, Wen J, Zhang L, Niu T, Zheng Y. Single-cell sequencing reveals the correlation of aggrephagy signaling and multiple myeloma immune microenvironment composition. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3712. [PMID: 38949072 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggrephagy, a type of autophagy, degrades the aggregation of misfolded protein in cells. However, the role of aggrephagy in multiple myeloma (MM) has not been fully demonstrated. In this study, we first investigated the correlation between aggrephagy signaling, MM immune microenvironment composition and disease prognosis. Single-cell RNA-seq data, including the expression profiles of 12,187 single cells from seven MM bone marrow (BM) and seven healthy BM samples, were analyzed by non-negative matrix factorization for 44 aggrephagy-related genes. Bulk RNA-seq cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to evaluate the prognostic value of aggrephagy-related immune cell subtypes and predict immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapeutic response in MM. Compared with healthy BM, MM BM exhibited different patterns of aggrephagy-related gene expression. In MM BM, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer cells could be grouped into four to nine aggrephagy-related subclusters. The signature of aggrephagy signaling molecule expression in the immune cells correlates with the patient's prognosis. Our investigation provides a novel view of aggrephagy signaling in MM tumor microenvironment cells, which might be a prognostic indicator and potential target for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimei Lin
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianwen Gao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Vicente ATS, Salvador JAR. PROteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) in leukemia: overview and future perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e575. [PMID: 38845697 PMCID: PMC11154823 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of life-threatening malignant disorders of the hematopoietic system. Immunotherapy, radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy are among the approved leukemia treatments. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance, side effects, relapses, and long-term sequelae occur in a significant proportion of patients and severely compromise the treatment efficacy. The development of novel approaches to improve outcomes is therefore an unmet need. Recently, novel leukemia drug discovery strategies, including targeted protein degradation, have shown potential to advance the field of personalized medicine for leukemia patients. Specifically, PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are revolutionary compounds that allow the selective degradation of a protein by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Developed against a wide range of cancer targets, they show promising potential in overcoming many of the drawbacks associated with conventional therapies. Following the exponential growth of antileukemic PROTACs, this article reviews PROTAC-mediated degradation of leukemia-associated targets. Chemical structures, in vitro and in vivo activities, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical trials of PROTACs are critically discussed. Furthermore, advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of PROTACs in leukemia are covered, in order to understand the potential that these novel compounds may have as future drugs for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André T. S. Vicente
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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Sakanyan V, Iradyan N, Alves de Sousa R. Targeted Strategies for Degradation of Key Transmembrane Proteins in Cancer. BIOTECH 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 37754201 PMCID: PMC10526213 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is an attractive technology for cancer treatment due to its ability to overcome the unpredictability of the small molecule inhibitors that cause resistance mutations. In recent years, various targeted protein degradation strategies have been developed based on the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the cytoplasm or the autophagy-lysosomal system during endocytosis. In this review, we describe and compare technologies for the targeted inhibition and targeted degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), one of the major proteins responsible for the onset and progression of many types of cancer. In addition, we develop an alternative strategy, called alloAUTO, based on the binding of new heterocyclic compounds to an allosteric site located in close proximity to the EGFR catalytic site. These compounds cause the targeted degradation of the transmembrane receptor, simultaneously activating both systems of protein degradation in cells. Damage to the EGFR signaling pathways promotes the inactivation of Bim sensor protein phosphorylation, which leads to the disintegration of the cytoskeleton, followed by the detachment of cancer cells from the extracellular matrix, and, ultimately, to cancer cell death. This hallmark of targeted cancer cell death suggests an advantage over other targeted protein degradation strategies, namely, the fewer cancer cells that survive mean fewer chemotherapy-resistant mutants appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vehary Sakanyan
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
- ProtNeteomix, 29 rue de Provence, 44700 Orvault, France
| | - Nina Iradyan
- Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry after A. Mnjoyan, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia;
| | - Rodolphe Alves de Sousa
- Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601, CBMIT, 75006 Paris, France;
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Milan E, Gullà A. Editorial: Proteomic and metabolic reprogramming in myeloma cells within the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1264740. [PMID: 37609386 PMCID: PMC10441542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1264740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Milan
- Age Related Diseases Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gullà
- Experimental Hematology and Immunology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Kannan MP, Sreeraman S, Somala CS, Kushwah RB, Mani SK, Sundaram V, Thirunavukarasou A. Advancement of targeted protein degradation strategies as therapeutics for undruggable disease targets. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:867-883. [PMID: 37254917 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) aids in developing novel bifunctional small-molecule degraders and eliminates proteins of interest. The TPD approach shows promising results in oncological, neurogenerative, cardiovascular and gynecological drug development. We provide an overview of technology advancements in TPD, including molecular glues, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), lysosome-targeting chimeras, antibody-based PROTAC, GlueBody PROTAC, autophagy-targeting chimera, autophagosome-tethering compound, autophagy-targeting chimera and chaperone-mediated autophagy-based degraders. Here we discuss the development and evolution of the TPD field, the variety of proteins that PROTACs target and the biological repercussions of their degradation. We particularly highlight the recent improvements in TPD research that utilize autophagy or the endolysosomal pathway, which enables the targeting of undruggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri P Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
| | - Sarojini Sreeraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- SRIIC Lab, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Chaitanya S Somala
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
| | - Raja Bs Kushwah
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
- Department of Entomology and Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Saravanan K Mani
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600073, India
| | - Vickram Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Anand Thirunavukarasou
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
- SRIIC Lab, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
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Masciarelli S, Fazi F, Hendershot LM. Editorial: Protein homeostasis in growth, development and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1150158. [PMID: 36814602 PMCID: PMC9939842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1150158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Silvia Masciarelli, ; Francesco Fazi, ; Linda M. Hendershot,
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Silvia Masciarelli, ; Francesco Fazi, ; Linda M. Hendershot,
| | - Linda M. Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Silvia Masciarelli, ; Francesco Fazi, ; Linda M. Hendershot,
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Vicente ATS, Salvador JAR. Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) targeting the BCR-ABL for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia - a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:397-420. [PMID: 37494069 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2240025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) allow the selective degradation of a protein of interest (POI) by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). With this unique mechanism of action, the research and development of PROTACs that target the Breakpoint Cluster Region Abelson (BCR-ABL) tyrosine kinase (TK) has been increasing dramatically, as they are promising molecules in the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), one of the main hematological malignancies, which results from an uncontrolled myeloproliferation due to the constitutive activation of BCR-ABL. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the patents/applications published in the online databases like Espacenet or World Intellectual Property Organization regarding PROTACs that promote BCR-ABL degradation. Patents will be described mostly in terms of chemical structure, biochemical/pharmacological activities, and potential clinical applications. EXPERT OPINION The recent discovery of the enormous potential of PROTACs led to the creation of new compounds capable of degrading BCR-ABL for the treatment of CML. Although still in reduced numbers, and in the pre-clinical phase of development, some compounds have already been shown to overcome some of the difficulties presented by conventional BCR-ABL inhibitors, such as the well-known imatinib. Therefore, it is very likely that some of the present PROTACs will enter future CML therapy in the coming years.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Proteolysis Targeting Chimera
- Proteolysis
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Patents as Topic
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- André T S Vicente
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kanu GA, Parambath JBM, Abu Odeh RO, Mohamed AA. Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5366. [PMID: 36358785 PMCID: PMC9653658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained increasing attention as novel drug-delivery nanostructures for the treatment of cancers, infections, inflammations, and other diseases and disorders. They are versatile in design, synthesis, modification, and functionalization. This has many advantages in terms of gene editing and gene silencing, and their application in genetic illnesses. The development of several techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, and ZFNs has raised hopes for the treatment of genetic abnormalities, although more focused experimentation is still needed. AuNPs, however, have been much more effective in trending research on this subject. In this review, we highlight recently well-developed advancements that are relevant to cutting-edge gene therapies, namely gene editing and gene silencing in diseases caused by a single gene in humans by taking an edge of the unique properties of the AuNPs, which will be an important outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri A. Kanu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javad B. M. Parambath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed O. Abu Odeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed A. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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