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Moreno CS, Winham CL, Alemozaffar M, Klein ER, Lawal IO, Abiodun-Ojo OA, Patil D, Barwick BG, Huang Y, Schuster DM, Sanda MG, Osunkoya AO. Integrated Genomic Analysis of Primary Prostate Tumor Foci and Corresponding Lymph Node Metastases Identifies Mutations and Pathways Associated with Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5671. [PMID: 38067373 PMCID: PMC10705102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and mortality is mainly due to metastases but the initial steps of metastasis have not been well characterized. We have performed integrative whole exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of primary prostate tumor foci and corresponding lymph node metastases (LNM) from 43 patients enrolled in clinical trial. We present evidence that, while there are some cases of clonally independent primary tumor foci, 87% of primary tumor foci and metastases are descended from a common ancestor. We demonstrate that genes related to oxidative phosphorylation are upregulated in LNM and in African-American patients relative to White patients. We further show that mutations in TP53, FLT4, EYA1, NCOR2, CSMD3, and PCDH15 are enriched in prostate cancer metastases. These findings were validated in a meta-analysis of 3929 primary tumors and 2721 metastases and reveal a pattern of molecular alterations underlying the pathology of metastatic prostate cancer. We show that LNM contain multiple subclones that are already present in primary tumor foci. We observed enrichment of mutations in several genes including understudied genes such as EYA1, CSMD3, FLT4, NCOR2, and PCDH15 and found that mutations in EYA1 and CSMD3 are associated with a poor outcome in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S. Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.O.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Winham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.O.O.)
| | - Mehrdad Alemozaffar
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Emma R. Klein
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (O.A.A.-O.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Olayinka A. Abiodun-Ojo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (O.A.A.-O.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Benjamin G. Barwick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yijian Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - David M. Schuster
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (O.A.A.-O.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Martin G. Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Adeboye O. Osunkoya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.O.O.)
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
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Bi W, Guo W, Fan G, Xie L, Jiang C. Identification and validation of a novel overall survival prediction model for immune-related genes in bone metastases of prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7161-7186. [PMID: 37494663 PMCID: PMC10415549 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a revolutionary treatment for cancer and brought new vitality to tumor immunity. Bone metastases are the most prevalent metastatic site for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, finding new immunotherapy targets in PCa patients with bone metastasis is urgently needed. We conducted an elaborative bioinformatics study of immune-related genes (IRGs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in PCa bone metastases. Databases were integrated to obtain RNA-sequencing data and clinical prognostic information. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to construct an overall survival (OS) prediction model. GSE32269 was analyzed to acquire differentially expressed IRGs. The OS prediction model was established by employing six IRGs (MAVS, HSP90AA1, FCGR3A, CTSB, FCER1G, and CD4). The CIBERSORT algorithm was adopted to assess the proportion of TIICs in each group. Furthermore, Transwell, MTT, and wound healing assays were employed to determine the effect of MAVS on PCa cells. High-risk patients had worse OS compared to the low-risk patients in the training and validation cohorts. Meanwhile, clinically practical nomograms were generated using these identified IRGs to predict the 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients. The infiltration percentages of some TIICs were closely linked to the risk score of the OS prediction model. Some tumor-infiltrating immune cells were related to the OS. FCGR3A was closely correlated with some TIICs. In vitro experiments verified that up-regulation of MAVS suppressed the proliferation and metastatic abilities of PCa cells. Our work presented a thorough interpretation of TIICs and IRGs for illustrating and discovering new potential immune checkpoints in bone metastases of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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