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Avsievich E, Salimgereeva D, Maluchenko A, Antysheva Z, Voloshin M, Feidorov I, Glazova O, Abramov I, Maksimov D, Kaziakhmedova S, Bodunova N, Karnaukhov N, Volchkov P, Krupinova J. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: The Case Report of a Patient with Germline FANCD2 Mutation and Tumor Analysis Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. J Clin Med 2024; 13:7621. [PMID: 39768544 PMCID: PMC11728285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13247621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Small-sized (≤2 cm) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are of particular interest as they are often associated with aggressive behavior, with no specific prognostic or progression markers. METHODS This article describes a clinical case characterized by a progressive growth of nonfunctional PanNET requiring surgical treatment in a patient with a germline FANCD2 mutation, previously not reported in PanNETs. The patient underwent whole exome sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS The patient underwent surgical treatment. We confirmed the presence of the germline mutation FANCD2 and also detected the germline mutation WNT10A. The cellular composition of the PanNET was analyzed using single-cell sequencing, and the main cell clusters were identified. We analyzed the tumor genomics, and used the data to define the effect the germline FANCD2 mutation had. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the mutational status of patients with PanNET may provide additional data that may influence treatment tactics, refine the plan for monitoring such patients, and provide more information about the pathogenesis of PanNET. PanNET research using scRNA-seq data may help in predicting the effect of therapy on neuroendocrine cells with FANCD2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Avsievich
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
- Federal Research Center for Innovator, Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Diana Salimgereeva
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Alesia Maluchenko
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Zoia Antysheva
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
- Federal Research Center for Innovator, Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Mark Voloshin
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Ilia Feidorov
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Olga Glazova
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Ivan Abramov
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
- Federal Research Center for Innovator, Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Denis Maksimov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
- Federal Research Center for Innovator, Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Samira Kaziakhmedova
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Nikolay Karnaukhov
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Pavel Volchkov
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
- Federal Research Center for Innovator, Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Julia Krupinova
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center N.A. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia; (E.A.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (I.F.); (O.G.); (I.A.); (N.B.); (N.K.); (P.V.)
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street 20, Moscow 123592, Russia; (A.M.); (Z.A.); (D.M.); (S.K.)
- Federal Research Center for Innovator, Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow 125315, Russia
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McMurry HS, Rivero JD, Chen EY, Kardosh A, Lopez CD, Pegna GJ. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Epigenetic landscape and clinical implications. Curr Probl Cancer 2024; 52:101131. [PMID: 39173542 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare, heterogenous group of neoplasms arising from cells of the neuroendocrine system. Amongst solid tumor malignancies, NETs are notable for overall genetic stability and recent data supports the notion that epigenetic changes may drive NET pathogenesis. In this review, major epigenetic mechanisms of NET pathogenesis are reviewed, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA. Prognostic implications of the above are discussed, as well as the expanding diagnostic utility of epigenetic markers in NETs. Lastly, preclinical and clinical evaluations of epigenetically targeted therapies in NETs and are reviewed, with a focus on future directions in therapeutic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S McMurry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emerson Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Adel Kardosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Charles D Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Guillaume J Pegna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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Massironi S, Franchina M, Ippolito D, Elisei F, Falco O, Maino C, Pagni F, Elvevi A, Guerra L, Invernizzi P. Improvements and future perspective in diagnostic tools for neuroendocrine neoplasms. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:349-366. [PMID: 38836602 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2363537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a complex group of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells, characterized by heterogeneous behavior and challenging diagnostics. Despite advancements in medical technology, NENs present a major challenge in early detection, often leading to delayed diagnosis and variable outcomes. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of current diagnostic methods as well as the evolving and future directions of diagnostic strategies for NENs. AREA COVERED The review extensively covers the evolution of diagnostic tools for NENs, from traditional imaging and biochemical tests to advanced genomic profiling and next-generation sequencing. The emerging role of technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and liquid biopsies could improve diagnostic precision, as could the integration of imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hybrids and innovative radiotracers. EXPERT OPINION Despite progress, there is still a significant gap in the early diagnosis of NENs. Bridging this diagnostic gap and integrating advanced technologies and precision medicine are crucial to improving patient outcomes. However, challenges such as low clinical awareness, limited possibility of noninvasive diagnostic tools and funding limitations for rare diseases like NENs are acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Franchina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Ippolito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Elisei
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Olga Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maino
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Elvevi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Guerra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Saleh Z, Moccia MC, Ladd Z, Joneja U, Li Y, Spitz F, Hong YK, Gao T. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1331. [PMID: 38279330 PMCID: PMC10816436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor formation and progression. The efficacy of traditional therapies is limited, particularly in the treatment of PNETs at an advanced stage. Epigenetic alterations profoundly impact the activity of signaling pathways in cancer development, offering potential opportunities for drug development. There is currently a lack of extensive research on epigenetic regulation in PNETs. To fill this gap, we first summarize major signaling events that are involved in PNET development. Then, we discuss the epigenetic regulation of these signaling pathways in the context of both PNETs and commonly occurring-and therefore more extensively studied-malignancies. Finally, we will offer a perspective on the future research direction of the PNET epigenome and its potential applications in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Saleh
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Matthew C. Moccia
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Upasana Joneja
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Francis Spitz
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
- Camden Cancer Research Center, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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