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Efendiev K, Alekseeva P, Linkov K, Shiryaev A, Pisareva T, Gilyadova A, Reshetov I, Voitova A, Loschenov V. Tumor fluorescence and oxygenation monitoring during photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6 photosensitizer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103969. [PMID: 38211779 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study is aimed at developing a method for monitoring photodynamic therapy (PDT) of a tumor using chlorin-type photosensitizers (PSs). Lack of monitoring of chlorin e6 (Cе6) photobleaching, hemoglobin oxygenation and blood flow during light exposure can limit the PDT effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phototheranostics includes spectral-fluorescence diagnostics of Ce6 distribution in the NIR range and PDT with simultaneous assessment of hemoglobin oxygenation and tumor blood flow. Fluorescence diagnostics and PDT were performed using the single laser λexc=660 ± 5 nm. RESULTS Combined spectroscopic PDT monitoring method allowed simultaneous estimation of Ce6 photobleaching, hemoglobin oxygenation and tumor vascular thrombosis during PDT without interrupting the therapeutic light exposure. CONCLUSION The developed method of tumor phototheranostics using chlorin-type PSs may make it possible to personalize the duration of therapeutic light exposure during PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanamat Efendiev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow, Russia.
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Linkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Shiryaev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Aida Gilyadova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Reshetov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Victor Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow, Russia
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Saito Nogueira M, Maryam S, Amissah M, Killeen S, O'Riordain M, Andersson-Engels S. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for colorectal cancer surgical guidance: towards real-time tissue characterization and new biomarkers. Analyst 2023; 149:88-99. [PMID: 37994161 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00261f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly type of cancer worldwide, representing 11.3% of the diagnosed cancer cases and resulting in 10.2% (0.88 million) of the cancer related deaths in 2020. CRCs are typically detected at the late stage, which leads to high mortality and morbidity. Mortality and poor prognosis are partially caused by cancer recurrence and postoperative complications. Patient survival could be increased by improving precision in surgical resection using accurate surgical guidance tools based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). DRS enables real-time tissue identification for potential cancer margin delineation through determination of the circumferential resection margin (CRM), while also supporting non-invasive and label-free approaches for laparoscopic surgery to avoid short-term complications of open surgery as suitable. In this study, we have estimated the scattering properties and chromophore concentrations based on 2949 DRS measurements of freshly excised ex vivo specimens of 47 patients, and used this estimation to classify normal colorectal wall (CW), fat and tumor tissues. DRS measurements were performed with fiber-optic probes of 630 μm source-detector distance (SDD; probe 1) and 2500 μm SDD (probe 2) to measure tissue layers ∼0.5-1 mm and ∼0.5-2 mm deep, respectively. By using the 5-fold cross-validation of machine learning models generated with the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm, we achieved 95.9 ± 0.7% sensitivity, 98.9 ± 0.3% specificity, 90.2 ± 0.4% accuracy, and 95.5 ± 0.3% AUC for probe 1. Similarly, we achieved 96.9 ± 0.8% sensitivity, 98.9 ± 0.2% specificity, 94.0 ± 0.4% accuracy, and 96.7 ± 0.4% AUC for probe 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Saito Nogueira
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland.
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Siddra Maryam
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland.
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Michael Amissah
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland.
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Shane Killeen
- Department of Surgery, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, T12 WE28, Ireland
| | - Micheal O'Riordain
- Department of Surgery, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, T12 WE28, Ireland
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland.
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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