The Research Advances of Aptamers in Hematologic Malignancies

The impact of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D receptor variation on leukemia-lymphoma outcome: Molecular and cytogenetic study

Vitamin D (VD) potentially has a crucial function in the development of cancerous cells. This study aims to detect the role of vitamin D concentration and its receptor polymorphisms as possible prognostic biomarkers in patients with leukemia/lymphoma and further will attempt to detect the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Seventy-five patients, in addition to 50 healthy individuals were included. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (FokI, Tru91, and ApaI) were identified via Polymerase Chain Reaction- Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sanger sequencing and karyotyping for all patients has been undertaken. Out of 75 patients, 69 (92.0%) were vitamin D deficient. The homozygous genotype TT of FokI is the most commonly found in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, while the heterozygous CT is observed markedly in CML, chronic lymphoid leukemia, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The AC and CC genotypes of ApaI are more frequent in patients with CML, while the AC genotype is the most common in HL. In Tru9I, the GG genotype has a wider distribution in individuals diagnosed with leukemia. The PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing techniques together confirmed significant genotype respectively. The Philadelphia chromosome, t (9;22) was found in five (17%) cases with CML. There is a marked relationship between FokI, ApaI, and Tru91 polymorphisms and the chance of developing leukemia. In lymphoma, a significant connection between the polymorphisms of FokI and ApaI is frequently detected. Cytogenetic and molecular testing are essential for detection of CML and monitoring therapy response.

Development and Validation of Aptasensor Based on MnO2 for the Detection of Sulfadiazine Residues

The monitoring of sulfadiazine (SDZ) is of great significance for food safety, environmental protection, and human health. In this study, a fluorescent aptasensor based on MnO₂ and FAM-labeled SDZ aptamer (FAM-SDZ30-1) was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of SDZ in food and environmental samples. MnO₂ nanosheets adsorbed rapidly to the aptamer through its electrostatic interaction with the base, providing the basis for an ultrasensitive SDZ detection. Molecular dynamics was used to explain the combination of SMZ1S and SMZ. This fluorescent aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity with a limit of detection of 3.25 ng/mL and a linear range of 5-40 ng/mL. The recoveries ranged from 87.19% to 109.26% and the coefficients of variation ranged from 3.13% to 13.14%. In addition, the results of the aptasensor showed an excellent correlation with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, this aptasensor based on MnO₂ is a potentially useful methodology for highly sensitive and selective detection of SDZ in foods and environments.