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Kamaso J, Puiggros A, Salido M, Melero C, Rodríguez-Rivera M, Gimeno E, Martínez L, Arenillas L, Calvo X, Román D, Abella E, Ramos-Campoy S, Lorenzo M, Ferrer A, Collado R, Moro-García MA, Espinet B. Complex Karyotype Detection in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Comparison of Parallel Cytogenetic Cultures Using TPA and IL2+DSP30 from a Single Center. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2258. [PMID: 38927962 PMCID: PMC11202013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Current CLL guidelines recommend a two parallel cultures assessment using TPA and IL2+DSP30 mitogens for complex karyotype (CK) detection. Studies comparing both mitogens for CK identification in the same cohort are lacking. We analyzed the global performance, CK detection, and concordance in the complexity assessment of two cytogenetic cultures from 255 CLL patients. IL2+DSP30 identified more altered karyotypes than TPA (50 vs. 39%, p = 0.031). Moreover, in 71% of those abnormal by both, IL2+DSP30 identified more abnormalities and/or abnormal metaphases. CK detection was similar for TPA and IL2+DSP30 (10% vs. 11%). However, 11/33 CKs (33%) were discordant, mainly due to the detection of a normal karyotype or no metaphases in the other culture. Patients requiring treatment within 12 months after sampling (active CLL) displayed significantly more CKs than those showing a stable disease (55% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). Disease status did not impact cultures' concordance (κ index: 0.735 and 0.754 for stable and active). Although CK was associated with shorter time to first treatment (TTFT) using both methods, IL2+DSP30 displayed better accuracy than TPA for predicting TTFT (C-index: 0.605 vs. 0.580, respectively). In summary, the analysis of two parallel cultures is the best option to detect CKs in CLL. Nonetheless, IL2+DSP30 could be prioritized above TPA to optimize cytogenetic assessment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kamaso
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puiggros
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Salido
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Melero
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Rivera
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gimeno
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.G.); (E.A.)
- Applied Clinical Research in Hematological Malignances Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Martínez
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Leonor Arenillas
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Calvo
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Román
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Abella
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Silvia Ramos-Campoy
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrer
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Collado
- Department of Hematology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Blanca Espinet
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Hematological Cytology Laboratories, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.K.); (M.S.); (C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (L.A.); (X.C.); (D.R.); (S.R.-C.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Iriondo J, Gómez A, Zubicaray J, Garcia-Martinez J, Abad L, Matesanz C, Giménez R, Galán A, Sanz A, Sebastián E, González de Pablo J, de la Cruz A, Ramírez M, Sevilla J. Optical Genome Mapping as a New Tool to Overcome Conventional Cytogenetics Limitations in Patients with Bone Marrow Failure. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:559. [PMID: 38790188 PMCID: PMC11121707 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies are essential in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFSs), but obtaining good quality results is often challenging due to hypocellularity. Optical Genome Mapping (OGM), a novel technology capable of detecting most types chromosomal structural variants (SVs) at high resolution, is being increasingly used in many settings, including hematologic malignancies. Herein, we compared conventional cytogenetic techniques to OGM in 20 patients with diverse BMFSs. Twenty metaphases for the karyotype were only obtained in three subjects (15%), and no SVs were found in any of the samples. One patient with culture failure showed a gain in chromosome 1q by fluorescence in situ hybridization, which was confirmed by OGM. In contrast, OGM provided good quality results in all subjects, and SVs were detected in 14 of them (70%), mostly corresponding to cryptic submicroscopic alterations not observed by standard techniques. Therefore, OGM emerges as a powerful tool that provides complete and evaluable results in hypocellular BMFSs, reducing multiple tests into a single assay and overcoming some of the main limitations of conventional techniques. Furthermore, in addition to confirming the abnormalities detected by conventional techniques, OGM found new alterations beyond their detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Iriondo
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.); (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
| | - Ana Gómez
- Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (L.A.); (C.M.); (R.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Josune Zubicaray
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.); (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
| | - Jorge Garcia-Martinez
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute at Hospital de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorea Abad
- Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (L.A.); (C.M.); (R.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Carmen Matesanz
- Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (L.A.); (C.M.); (R.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Reyes Giménez
- Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (L.A.); (C.M.); (R.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Almudena Galán
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
- Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (L.A.); (C.M.); (R.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Alejandro Sanz
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.); (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
| | - Elena Sebastián
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.); (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
| | - Jesús González de Pablo
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
| | - Ana de la Cruz
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
- Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (L.A.); (C.M.); (R.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (L.A.); (C.M.); (R.G.); (M.R.)
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute at Hospital de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Sevilla
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.); (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.G.d.P.); (A.d.l.C.)
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Levy B, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Sahajpal NS, Neveling K, Rack K, Dewaele B, Olde Weghuis D, Stevens-Kroef M, Puiggros A, Mallo M, Clifford B, Mantere T, Hoischen A, Espinet B, Kolhe R, Solé F, Raca G, Smith AC. A framework for the clinical implementation of optical genome mapping in hematologic malignancies. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:642-661. [PMID: 38164980 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Optical Genome Mapping (OGM) is rapidly emerging as an exciting cytogenomic technology both for research and clinical purposes. In the last 2 years alone, multiple studies have demonstrated that OGM not only matches the diagnostic scope of conventional standard of care cytogenomic clinical testing but it also adds significant new information in certain cases. Since OGM consolidates the diagnostic benefits of multiple costly and laborious tests (e.g., karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and chromosomal microarrays) in a single cost-effective assay, many clinical laboratories have started to consider utilizing OGM. In 2021, an international working group of early adopters of OGM who are experienced with routine clinical cytogenomic testing in patients with hematological neoplasms formed a consortium (International Consortium for OGM in Hematologic Malignancies, henceforth "the Consortium") to create a consensus framework for implementation of OGM in a clinical setting. The focus of the Consortium is to provide guidance for laboratories implementing OGM in three specific areas: validation, quality control and analysis and interpretation of variants. Since OGM is a complex technology with many variables, we felt that by consolidating our collective experience, we could provide a practical and useful tool for uniform implementation of OGM in hematologic malignancies with the ultimate goal of achieving globally accepted standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn Levy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kornelia Neveling
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina Rack
- Laboratory for the Cytogenetic and Molecular Diagnosis of Haematological Malignancies, Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Dewaele
- Laboratory for the Cytogenetic and Molecular Diagnosis of Haematological Malignancies, Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Olde Weghuis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Stevens-Kroef
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Puiggros
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Mallo
- MDS Research Group, Microarrays Unit, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC), ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Tuomo Mantere
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation and Radboud Center for Infectious Disease (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Francesc Solé
- MDS Research Group, Microarrays Unit, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC), ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam C Smith
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gallego Villarejo L, Gerding WM, Bachmann L, Hardt LHI, Bormann S, Nguyen HP, Müller T. Optical Genome Mapping Reveals Genomic Alterations upon Gene Editing in hiPSCs: Implications for Neural Tissue Differentiation and Brain Organoid Research. Cells 2024; 13:507. [PMID: 38534351 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome editing, notably CRISPR (cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9), has revolutionized genetic engineering allowing for precise targeted modifications. This technique's combination with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a particularly valuable tool in cerebral organoid (CO) research. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-generated fluorescently labeled hiPSCs exhibited no significant morphological or growth rate differences compared with unedited controls. However, genomic aberrations during gene editing necessitate efficient genome integrity assessment methods. Optical genome mapping, a high-resolution genome-wide technique, revealed genomic alterations, including chromosomal copy number gain and losses affecting numerous genes. Despite these genomic alterations, hiPSCs retain their pluripotency and capacity to generate COs without major phenotypic changes but one edited cell line showed potential neuroectodermal differentiation impairment. Thus, this study highlights optical genome mapping in assessing genome integrity in CRISPR/Cas9-edited hiPSCs emphasizing the need for comprehensive integration of genomic and morphological analysis to ensure the robustness of hiPSC-based models in cerebral organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gallego Villarejo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wanda M Gerding
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lisa Bachmann
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Luzie H I Hardt
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Bormann
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Müller
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Cecchi D, Jackson N, Beckham W, Chithrani DB. Improving the Efficacy of Common Cancer Treatments via Targeted Therapeutics towards the Tumour and Its Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:175. [PMID: 38399237 PMCID: PMC10891984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled proliferation of heterogeneous cell cultures in the body that develop abnormalities and mutations, leading to their resistance to many forms of treatment. Left untreated, these abnormal cell growths can lead to detrimental and even fatal complications for patients. Radiation therapy is involved in around 50% of cancer treatment workflows; however, it presents significant recurrence rates and normal tissue toxicity, given the inevitable deposition of the dose to the surrounding healthy tissue. Chemotherapy is another treatment modality with excessive normal tissue toxicity that significantly affects patients' quality of life. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, multiple conjunctive modalities have been proposed, which include the targeting of components of the tumour microenvironment inhibiting tumour spread and anti-therapeutic pathways, increasing the oxygen content within the tumour to revert the hypoxic nature of the malignancy, improving the local dose deposition with metal nanoparticles, and the restriction of the cell cycle within radiosensitive phases. The tumour microenvironment is largely responsible for inhibiting nanoparticle capture within the tumour itself and improving resistance to various forms of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the current literature surrounding the administration of molecular and nanoparticle therapeutics, their pharmacokinetics, and contrasting mechanisms of action. The review aims to demonstrate the advancements in the field of conjugated nanomaterials and radiotherapeutics targeting, inhibiting, or bypassing the tumour microenvironment to promote further research that can improve treatment outcomes and toxicity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cecchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
| | - Nolan Jackson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
- British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (D.C.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Finlay D, Murad R, Hong K, Lee J, Pang AWC, Lai CY, Clifford B, Burian C, Mason J, Hastie AR, Yin J, Vuori K. Detection of Genomic Structural Variations Associated with Drug Sensitivity and Resistance in Acute Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:418. [PMID: 38254907 PMCID: PMC10814465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a particularly problematic collection of hematological cancers, and, while somewhat rare, the survival rate of patients is typically abysmal without bone marrow transplantation. Furthermore, traditional chemotherapies used as standard-of-care for patients cause significant side effects. Understanding the evolution of leukemia to identify novel targets and, therefore, drug treatment regimens is a significant medical need. Genomic rearrangements and other structural variations (SVs) have long been known to be causative and pathogenic in multiple types of cancer, including leukemia. These SVs may be involved in cancer initiation, progression, clonal evolution, and drug resistance, and a better understanding of SVs from individual patients may help guide therapeutic options. Here, we show the utilization of optical genome mapping (OGM) to detect known and novel SVs in the samples of patients with leukemia. Importantly, this technology provides an unprecedented level of granularity and quantitation unavailable to other current techniques and allows for the unbiased detection of novel SVs, which may be relevant to disease pathogenesis and/or drug resistance. Coupled with the chemosensitivities of these samples to FDA-approved oncology drugs, we show how an impartial integrative analysis of these diverse datasets can be used to associate the detected genomic rearrangements with multiple drug sensitivity profiles. Indeed, an insertion in the gene MUSK is shown to be associated with increased sensitivity to the clinically relevant agent Idarubicin, while partial tandem duplication events in the KMT2A gene are related to the efficacy of another frontline treatment, Cytarabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Finlay
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (R.M.)
| | - Rabi Murad
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (R.M.)
| | - Karl Hong
- Bionano Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joyce Lee
- Bionano Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Bionano Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - James Mason
- Scripps MD Anderson, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Jun Yin
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (R.M.)
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (R.M.)
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7
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Giguère A, Raymond-Bouchard I, Collin V, Claveau JS, Hébert J, LeBlanc R. Optical Genome Mapping Reveals the Complex Genetic Landscape of Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4687. [PMID: 37835381 PMCID: PMC10571866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on enriched CD138 plasma cells is the standard method for identification of clinically relevant genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma. However, FISH is a targeted analysis that can be challenging due to the genetic complexity of myeloma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of optical genome mapping (OGM) to detect clinically significant cytogenetic abnormalities in myeloma and to provide larger pangenomic information. OGM and FISH analyses were performed on CD138-purified cells of 20 myeloma patients. OGM successfully detected structural variants (SVs) (IGH and MYC rearrangements), copy number variants (CNVs) (17p/TP53 deletion, 1p deletion and 1q gain/amplification) and aneuploidy (gains of odd-numbered chromosomes, monosomy 13) classically expected with myeloma and led to a 30% increase in prognosis yield at our institution when compared to FISH. Despite challenges in the interpretation of OGM calls for CNV and aneuploidy losses in non-diploid genomes, OGM has the potential to replace FISH as the standard of care analysis in clinical settings and to efficiently change how we identify prognostic and predictive markers for therapies in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first study highlighting the feasibility and clinical utility of OGM in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Giguère
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Vanessa Collin
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Claveau
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (J.-S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Josée Hébert
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (J.-S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Richard LeBlanc
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (J.-S.C.); (R.L.)
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