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Shi Z, Li Z, Zhang M. Emerging roles of intratumor microbiota in cancer: tumorigenesis and management strategies. J Transl Med 2024; 22:837. [PMID: 39261861 PMCID: PMC11391643 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the host and its microbiota has garnered increasing attention in the past decade. Specifically, the emerging recognition of microorganisms within diverse cancer tissues, previously presumed sterile, has ignited a resurgence of enthusiasm and research endeavors. Four potential migratory routes have been identified as the sources of intratumoral microbial "dark matter," including direct invasion of mucosal barriers, spreading from normal adjacent tissue, hematogenous spread, and lymphatic drainage, which contribute to the highly heterogeneous features of intratumor microbiota. Importantly, multitudes of studies delineated the roles of intratumor microbiota in cancer initiation and progression, elucidating underlying mechanisms such as genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, immune dysfunctions, activating oncogenic pathways, and inducing metastasis. With the deepening understanding of intratumoral microbial composition, novel microbiota-based strategies for early cancer diagnosis and prognostic stratification continue to emerge. Furthermore, intratumor microbiota exerts significant influence on the efficacy of cancer therapeutics, particularly immunotherapy, making it an enticing target for intervention in cancer treatment. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion of the current understanding pertaining to the developmental history, heterogeneous profiles, underlying originations, and carcinogenic mechanisms of intratumor microbiota, and uncover its potential predictive and intervention values, as well as several inevitable challenges as a target for personalized cancer management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Meng Y, Kong C, Ma Y, Sun J, Zhang G. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles in the fight against cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01174. [PMID: 39118214 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are diminutive vesicles naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria. These vesicles possess distinctive characteristics that attract attention for their potential use in drug administration and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Therapeutic medicines may be delivered via OMVs directly to the tumor sites, thereby minimizing exposure to healthy cells and lowering the risk of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the activation of the immune system by OMVs has been demonstrated to facilitate the recognition and elimination of cancer cells, which makes them a desirable tool for immunotherapy. They can also be genetically modified to carry specific antigens, immunomodulatory compounds, and small interfering RNAs, enhancing the immune response to cancerous cells and silencing genes associated with disease progression. Combining OMVs with other cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation has shown promising synergistic effects. This review highlights the crucial role of bacterial OMVs in cancer, emphasizing their potential as vectors for novel cancer targeted therapies. As researchers delve deeper into the complexities of these vesicles and their interactions with tumors, there is a growing sense of optimism that this avenue of study will bring positive outcomes and renewed hope to cancer patients in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Cuicui Kong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Yushu Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biobank, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
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Bai Z, Wang X, Liang T, Xu G, Cai J, Xu W, Yang K, Hu L, Pei P. Harnessing Bacterial Membrane Components for Tumor Vaccines: Strategies and Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401615. [PMID: 38935934 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines stand at the vanguard of tumor immunotherapy, demonstrating significant potential and promise in recent years. While tumor vaccines have achieved breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer, they still encounter numerous challenges, including improving the immunogenicity of vaccines and expanding the scope of vaccine application. As natural immune activators, bacterial components offer inherent advantages in tumor vaccines. Bacterial membrane components, with their safer profile, easy extraction, purification, and engineering, along with their diverse array of immune components, activate the immune system and improve tumor vaccine efficacy. This review systematically summarizes the mechanism of action and therapeutic effects of bacterial membranes and its derivatives (including bacterial membrane vesicles and hybrid membrane biomaterials) in tumor vaccines. Subsequently, the authors delve into the preparation and advantages of tumor vaccines based on bacterial membranes and hybrid membrane biomaterials. Following this, the immune effects of tumor vaccines based on bacterial outer membrane vesicles are elucidated, and their mechanisms are explained. Moreover, their advantages in tumor combination therapy are analyzed. Last, the challenges and trends in this field are discussed. This comprehensive analysis aims to offer a more informed reference and scientific foundation for the design and implementation of bacterial membrane-based tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Liang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jinzhou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Li M, Wang Y, Liu H, Huang X, Peng H, Yang Y, Hu Z, Dou J, Xiao C, Chen J, Shang W, Rao X. Staphylococcus Aureus Membrane Vesicles Kill Tumor Cells Through a Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4007-4019. [PMID: 38715701 PMCID: PMC11075688 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s455158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria have attracted increasing interest because of their antitumor activity. However, the antitumor effects of MVs isolated from Gram-positive bacteria have rarely been investigated. Methods MVs of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 were prepared and their antitumor efficacy was evaluated using tumor-bearing mouse models. A gene knock-in assay was performed to generate luciferase Antares2-MVs for bioluminescent detection. Cell counting kit-8 and lactic dehydrogenase release assays were used to detect the toxicity of the MVs against tumor cells in vitro. Active caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) levels were determined using Western blot, and the tumor inhibition ability of MVs was determined in B16F10 cells treated with a caspase-1 inhibitor. Results The vesicular particles of S. aureus USA300 MVs were 55.23 ± 8.17 nm in diameter, and 5 μg of MVs remarkably inhibited the growth of B16F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice and CT26 colon adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice. The bioluminescent signals correlated well with the concentrations of the engineered Antares2-MVs (R2 = 0.999), and the sensitivity for bioluminescence imaging was 4 × 10-3 μg. Antares2-MVs can directly target tumor tissues in vivo, and 20 μg/mL Antares2-MVs considerably reduced the growth of B16F10 and CT26 tumor cells, but not non-carcinomatous bEnd.3 cells. MV treatment substantially increased the level of active caspase-1, which processes GSDMD to trigger pyroptosis in tumor cells. Blocking caspase-1 activation with VX-765 significantly protected tumor cells from MV killing in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion S. aureus MVs can kill tumor cells by activating the pyroptosis pathway, and the induction of pyroptosis in tumor cells is a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Dou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
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Nie W, Jiang A, Ou X, Zhou J, Li Z, Liang C, Huang LL, Wu G, Xie HY. Metal-polyphenol "prison" attenuated bacterial outer membrane vesicle for chemodynamics promoted in situ tumor vaccines. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122396. [PMID: 38043464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
As natural adjuvants, the bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) hold great potential in cancer vaccines. However, the inherent immunotoxicity of OMV and the rarity of tumor-specific antigens seriously hamper the clinical translation of OMV-based cancer vaccines. Herein, metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) are used to attenuate the toxicity of OMV, meanwhile, provide tumor antigens via the chemodynamic effect induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). Specifically, MPNs are assembled on the OMV surface through the coordination reaction between ferric ions and tannic acid. The iron-based "prison" is locally collapsed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with both low pH and high ATP features, and thus the systemic toxicity of OMV is significantly attenuated. The released ferric ions in TME promote the ICD of cancer cells through Fenton reaction and then the generation of abundant tumor antigens, which can be used to fabricate in-situ vaccines by converging with OMV. Together with the immunomodulatory effect of OMV, potent tumor repression on a bilateral tumor model is achieved with good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Nie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Anqi Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xu Ou
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zijin Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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