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Yan P, Wang J, Yue B, Wang X. Unraveling molecular aberrations and pioneering therapeutic strategies in osteosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189171. [PMID: 39127243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a rare primary bone cancer, presents diverse molecular aberrations that underscore its complexity. Despite the persistent endeavors by researchers, the limited amelioration in the five-year survival rate indicates that current therapeutic strategies prove inadequate in addressing the clinical necessities. Advancements in molecular profiling have facilitated an enhanced comprehension of the biology of osteosarcoma, offering a promising outlook for treatment. There is an urgent need to develop innovative approaches to address the complex challenges of osteosarcoma, ultimately contributing to enhanced patient outcomes. This review explores the nexus between osteosarcoma and cancer predisposition syndromes, intricacies in its somatic genome, and clinically actionable alterations. This review covers treatment strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Innovative treatment modalities targeting diverse pathways, including multi-target tyrosine kinases, cell cycle, PI3K/mTOR pathway, and DNA damage repair (DDR), offer promising interventions. This review also covers promising avenues, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunotherapy strategies, such as cytokines, adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), ICIs, and cancer vaccines. This comprehensive exploration contributes to a holistic understanding, offering guidance for clinical applications to advance the management of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Bin Yue
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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Devarajan E, Davis RE, Beird HC, Wang WL, Jensen VB, Jayakumar A, Leung CH, Lin HY, Wu CC, Ihezie SA, Tsai JW, Futreal PA, Lewis VO. Targeting IL-11R/EZH2 signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma lung metastases. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:232. [PMID: 38886296 PMCID: PMC11183017 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung metastases are the primary cause of death for osteosarcoma (OS) patients. We recently validated interleukin-11 receptor α (IL-11Rα) as a molecular target for the inhibition of OS lung metastases. Since there is no clinically approved antibody against this receptor, we sought to identify downstream targets that mediate the effects of IL-11Rα signaling. We used shRNA to deplete IL-11Rα from OS cells; as a complementary approach, we added IL-11 exogenously to OS cells. The resulting changes in gene expression identified EZH2 as a downstream candidate. This was confirmed by knockdown of IL-11Rα in OS cells, which led to increased expression of genes repressed by histone methyltransferase EZH2, including members of the WNT pathway, a known target pathway of EZH2. Exogenous IL-11 increased the global levels of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, evidence of EZH2 activation. Treatment with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 significantly reduced in vitro proliferation and increased cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, which were partially mediated through the WNT pathway. In vivo, treatment of an orthotopic nude mouse model of OS with GSK126 inhibited lung metastatic growth and prolonged survival. In addition, significantly shorter recurrence-free survival was seen in OS patients with high levels of EZH2 in their primary tumors (P < .05). This suggests that IL-11Rα promotes OS lung metastasis via activation of EZH2. Thus, blocking EZH2 activity may be an effective strategy for inhibiting OS lung metastasis and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswaran Devarajan
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1448, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah C Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Behrana Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arumugam Jayakumar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheuk Hong Leung
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Y Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie A Ihezie
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerae O Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1448, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Rahmadiani N, Norahmawati E, Endharti AT, Hambalie AO, Isma SPP. PD-L1, STAT3, IL6, and EGFR Immunoexpressions in High-Grade Osteosarcoma. Adv Orthop 2024; 2024:9036225. [PMID: 38434518 PMCID: PMC10907101 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9036225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of various malignancies with satisfactory results. One of the agents for immunotherapy is an inhibitor of programmed cell death-1 and its ligands (PD-1 and PD-L1). However, attempts at utilizing PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in osteosarcoma have not yielded favorable results. This may be due to differences in PD-L1 regulation and the immune landscape in osteosarcoma, as the mechanism is still poorly understood. Therefore, elucidating PD-L1 regulation in osteosarcoma is paramount in order to improve treatment results using immunotherapy. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Anatomical Pathology of Saiful Anwar Hospital using 33 paraffin blocks of confirmed cases of osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining using PD-L1, STAT3, IL6, and EGFR was performed. Statistical analyses were subsequently performed on the immunoexpression data of these antibodies. Results PD-L1, STAT3, IL6, and EGFR expressions were found in 6 (18.2%), 6 (18.2%), 28 (84.8%), and 30 (90.9%) cases, respectively. There were significant correlations between PD-L1 and STAT3 (r = 0.620, p=<0.001), PD-L1 and EGFR (r = 0.449, p=0.009), as well as STAT3 and EGFR (r = 0.351, p=0.045). Conclusion The existence of a correlation between PD-L1, STAT3, and EGFR indicates the potential role of STAT3 and EGFR in PD-L1 regulation in osteosarcoma, which may become the basis for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Rahmadiani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Eviana Norahmawati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Tri Endharti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ailen Oktaviana Hambalie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Satria Pandu Persada Isma
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
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Romadhon YA, Kurniati YP, Jumadi J, Alesheikh AA, Lotfata A. Analyzing socio-environmental determinants of bone and soft tissue cancer in Indonesia. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 38350928 PMCID: PMC10865616 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is designed to explore the potential impact of individual and environmental residential factors as risk determinants for bone and soft tissue cancers, with a particular focus on the Indonesian context. While it is widely recognized that our living environment can significantly influence cancer development, there has been a notable scarcity of research into how specific living environment characteristics relate to the risk of bone and soft tissue cancers. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed the medical records of oncology patients treated at Prof. Suharso National Referral Orthopedic Hospital. The study aimed to assess tumor malignancy levels and explore the relationships with socio-environmental variables, including gender, distance from the sea, sunrise time, altitude, and population density. Data were gathered in 2020 from diverse sources, including medical records, Google Earth, and local statistical centers. The statistical analyses employed Chi-square and logistic regression techniques with the support of Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW) Statistics 18. RESULTS Both bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed two significant factors associated with the occurrence of bone and soft tissue cancer. Age exhibited a statistically significant influence (OR of 5.345 and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05), indicating a robust connection between cancer development and age. Additionally, residing within a distance of less than 14 km from the sea significantly affected the likelihood of bone and soft tissue cancers OR 5.604 and p-value (0.001 < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the strong association between age and the development of these cancers, emphasizing the need for heightened vigilance and screening measures in older populations. Moreover, proximity to the sea emerges as another noteworthy factor influencing cancer risk, suggesting potential environmental factors at play. These results highlight the multifaceted nature of cancer causation and underscore the importance of considering socio-environmental variables when assessing cancer risk factors. Such insights can inform more targeted prevention and early detection strategies, ultimately contributing to improved cancer management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Alam Romadhon
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 57162, Indonesia
- Centre for Chronical Disease, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 57162, Indonesia
| | - Yuni Prastyo Kurniati
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 57162, Indonesia
| | - Jumadi Jumadi
- Centre for Chronical Disease, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 57162, Indonesia
- Faculty of Geography, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 57162, Indonesia
| | - Ali Asghar Alesheikh
- Department of Geospatial Information Systems, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aynaz Lotfata
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Zhong S, Zhang Y, Mou H, Jian C, Huang Q, Ou Y. Targeting PERK-ATF4-P21 axis enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma HOS cells to Mppα-PDT. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2789-2811. [PMID: 38319715 PMCID: PMC10911341 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent type of malignant bone tumor in adolescents. The overall survival of OS patients has reached a plateau recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop approaches to improve the sensitivity of OS to therapies. Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPα-PDT) is a new type of tumor therapy, and elucidating its mechanism is helpful to improve its anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we investigated how PERK signaling promotes the human OS (HOS) cell survival induced by MPPα-PDT, as overcoming this may enhance sensitivity to MPPα-PDT. We found that MPPα-PDT combined with PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 enhanced HOS cell apoptosis by suppressing autophagy and p21. Autophagy inhibition and p21 depletion enhanced cell death, indicating pro-survival effects in MPPα-PDT. Notably, p21 was found to be an effector of the PERK-Atf4 pathway, which could positively regulate autophagy mediated by MPPα-PDT. In conclusion, we found that the combination of MPPα-PDT and GSK2656157 enhanced apoptosis in HOS cells by inhibiting autophagy. Mechanistically, this autophagy is p21-dependent and can be suppressed by GSK2656157, thereby enhancing sensitivity to MPPα-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxi Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hai Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changchun Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
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