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Del Prete R, Nesta D, Triggiano F, Lorusso M, Garzone S, Vitulano L, Denicolò S, Indraccolo F, Mastria M, Ronga L, Inchingolo F, Aityan SK, Nguyen KCD, Tran TC, Gargiulo Isacco C, Santacroce L. Human Papillomavirus Carcinogenicity and the Need of New Perspectives: Thoughts from a Retrospective Analysis on Human Papillomavirus Outcomes Conducted at the Hospital University of Bari, Apulia, Italy, between 2011 and 2022. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:968. [PMID: 38732382 PMCID: PMC11083870 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current manuscript's aim was to determine the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype-specific prevalence and distribution among individuals, males, and females, of different ages in the region of Apulia, Italy, highlighting the possible variables involved in the carcinogenicity mechanism. In addition, we proposed two hypothetical models of HPV's molecular dynamics, intending to clarify the impact of prevention and therapeutic strategies, explicitly modeled by recent survey data. METHODS We presented clinical data from 9647 participants tested for either high-risk (HR) or low-risk (LR) HPV at the affiliated Bari Policlinic University Hospital of Bari from 2011 to 2022. HPV DNA detection was performed using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex real-time PCR assay. Statistical analysis showed significant associations for all genders and ages and both HR- and LR-HPV types. A major number of significant pairwise associations were detected for the higher-risk types and females and lower-risk types and males. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HPV was 50.5% (n-4.869) vs. 49.5% (n-4.778) of the study population, of which 74.4% (n-3621) were found to be HPV high-risk (HR-HPV) genotypes and 57.7% (n-2.807) low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes, of which males were 58% and females 49%; the three most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV 53 (n707-15%), 16 (n704-14%), and 31 (n589-12%), and for LR-HPV, they were 42 (19%), 6 (16%), and 54 (13%); 56% of patients screened for HPV were ≤ 30 years old, 53% were between 31 and 40 years old, 46% were 41-50 and 51-60 years old, and finally, 44% of subjects were >60 years old. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided comprehensive epidemiological data on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among 9647 participants, which could serve as a significant reference for clinical practice, and it implied the necessity for more effective screening methods for HPV carcinogenesis covering the use of more specific molecular investigations. Although this is a predominantly descriptive and epidemiological study, the data obtained offer not only a fairly unique trend compared to other studies of different realities and latitudes but also lead us to focus on the HPV infection within two groups of young people and adults and hypothesize the possible involvement of dysbiosis, stem cells, and the retrotransposition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Del Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Daniela Nesta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Mara Lorusso
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Stefania Garzone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Vitulano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Sofia Denicolò
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Francesca Indraccolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Mastria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Ronga
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Sergey K. Aityan
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 5000 MacArthur Blvd., Oakland, CA 94613, USA;
| | - Kieu C. D. Nguyen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Toai Cong Tran
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Research Center, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 700100, Vietnam;
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, University-Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (R.D.P.); (D.N.); (F.T.); (M.L.); (S.G.); (L.V.); (S.D.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.); (L.S.)
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Nachira D, Congedo MT, D’Argento E, Meacci E, Evangelista J, Sassorossi C, Calabrese G, Nocera A, Kuzmych K, Santangelo R, Rindi G, Margaritora S. The Role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Primary Lung Cancer Development: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:110. [PMID: 38255725 PMCID: PMC10817459 DOI: 10.3390/life14010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Notably, the incidence of lung cancer among never-smokers, predominantly women, has been rising in recent years. Among the various implicated risk factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) may play a role in the development of NSCLC in a certain subset of patients. The prevalence of high-risk HPV-DNA within human neoplastic lung cells varies across the world; however, the carcinogenetic role of HPV in NSCLC has not been completely understood. Bloodstream could be one of the routes of transmission from infected sites to the lungs, along with oral (through unprotected oral sex) and airborne transmission. Previous studies reported an elevated risk of NSCLC in patients with prior HPV-related tumors, such as cervical, laryngeal, or oropharyngeal cancer, with better prognosis for HPV-positive lung cancers compared to negative forms. On the other hand, 16% of NSCLC patients present circulating HPV-DNA in peripheral blood along with miRNAs expression. Typically, these patients have a poorly differentiated NSCLC, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, HPV-positive lung cancers seem to have a better response to target therapies (EGFR) and immune checkpoint inhibitors and show an increased sensitivity to platinum-based treatments. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the role of HPV in NSCLC development, especially among patients with a history of HPV-related cancers. It also examines the diagnostic and prognostic significance of HPV, investigating new future perspectives to enhance cancer screening, diagnostic protocols, and the development of more targeted therapies tailored to specific cohorts of NSCLC patients with confirmed HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Nachira
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Congedo
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Ettore D’Argento
- Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Meacci
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Jessica Evangelista
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Carolina Sassorossi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Calabrese
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Adriana Nocera
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Khrystyna Kuzmych
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Rosaria Santangelo
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Rindi
- Institute of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Margaritora
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (E.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (G.C.); (A.N.); (K.K.); (S.M.)
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