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Lin J, Li K, Yang Z, Cao F, Gao L, Ning T, Xing D, Zeng H, Liu Q, Ge Z, Lin J. Functionally improved mesenchymal stem cells via nanosecond pulsed electric fields for better treatment of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2024; 47:235-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
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2
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Tang J, Wang S, Yang L, Wu Z, Jiang H, Zeng B, Gong Y. On the molecular mechanisms implicated in the bipolar cancellation of membrane electroporation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1864:183811. [PMID: 34744023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar cancellation is the phenomenon in which the permeability of cell membranes subjected to high intensity short pulsed electric field (ns-μs range) is reduced or eliminated when the system is subjected to bipolar instead of monopolar pulses. Although several studies have tried to explain bipolar cancellation, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Very few articles study bipolar cancellation by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In this paper, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference in electroporation induced by bipolar and monopolar picosecond electric pulses (EPs) using MD simulation. The electric field gradients and electric forces on water molecules of the two pulses were analyzed in detail for the first time. For a certain pulse width, when the field intensity is relatively small, the direction of bipolar electric force on the interfacial water molecule reverses as the bipolar EPs reverse, while the electric force on interfacial water molecules of the cathode side remains in the same direction as that of applied monopolar EPs. The bipolar electric force reversal delays the water protrusion and increases the pore formation time. Therefore, this phenomenon could correspond to bipolar cancellation. When the field intensity is relatively large, although the bipolar electric force direction still reverses, half of the total time of the monopolar EPs has no electric fields. The electric forces of monopolar no-field half-cycles are much smaller than those of the bipolar EPs. Therefore, the pore formation time of bipolar EPs reduces, and this phenomenon is called bipolar enhancement. The occurrence of bipolar cancellation or bipolar enhancement depends on conditions such as the width and intensity of the pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; Ceyear Technologies Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoqing Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Gong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Li K, Fan L, Lin J, Heng BC, Deng Z, Zheng Q, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Ge Z. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields prime mesenchymal stem cells to peptide ghrelin and enhance chondrogenesis and osteochondral defect repair in vivo. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:927-939. [PMID: 34586575 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important cell sources in cartilage tissue development and homeostasis, and multiple strategies have been developed to improve MSCs chondrogenic differentiation with an aim of promoting cartilage regeneration. Here we report the effects of combining nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) followed by treatment with ghrelin (a hormone that stimulates release of growth hormone) to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. nsPEFs and ghrelin were observed to separately enhance the chondrogenesis of MSCs, and the effects were significantly enhanced when the bioelectric stimulation and hormone were combined, which in turn improved osteochondral tissue repair of these cells within Sprague Dawley rats. We further found that nsPEFs can prime MSCs to be more receptive to subsequent stimuli of differentiation by upregulated Oct4/Nanog and activated JNK signaling pathway. Ghrelin initiated chondrogenic differentiation by activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and RNA-seq results indicated 243 genes were regulated, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway was involved. Interestingly, the sequential order of applying these two stimuli is critical, with nsPEFs pretreatment followed by ghrelin enhanced chondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro and subsequent cartilage regeneration in vivo, but not vice versa. This synergistic prochondrogenic effects provide us new insights and strategies for future cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Litong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianjing Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhantao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Sun G, Wang X, Shen S, Li L, Shang T, Ding W. All-solid-state bipolar pulsed generator based on linear transformer driver and push-pull circuit. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:094709. [PMID: 34598493 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state linear transformer drivers (LTDs) are widely used in high-voltage repetitive nanosecond-pulsed generators, and only a few LTD generators can output bipolar rectangular waves currently. Furthermore, owing to the large reverse overshoot when the output pulse width is long, fewer LTD generators can achieve a rectangular wave output with a microsecond pulse width. In this study, a bipolar LTD circuit topology based on a push-pull circuit is proposed for irreversible electroporation. In this topology, a single-stage LTD module has four push-pull branches in its primary winding to achieve a bipolar output and a short-circuited winding with two resistor-capacitor-diode snubbers to suppress forward/reverse overshoot. A single-stage LTD module and a 12-stage LTD have been tested, and the results show that they can output bipolar rectangular pulses with variable parameters. When the output pulse width is 100 ns to 1 µs, the maximum output voltage amplitude is 5.74 kV, the rise time is 29.1 ns, and the reverse overshoot at 1 µs is 2.9%. When the output pulse width is 1-8 µs, the maximum output voltage amplitude is 2.93 kV, the rise time is 24.3 ns, and the reverse overshoot at 8 µs is 11.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Saikang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tianyi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weidong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Kulbacka J, Chodaczek G, Rossowska J, Szewczyk A, Saczko J, Bazylińska U. Investigating the photodynamic efficacy of chlorin e6 by millisecond pulses in metastatic melanoma cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 138:107728. [PMID: 33434787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is considered the most aggressive type of skin cancer, still without effective treatment. Thus, alternative therapeutic methods are still in demand, and electroporation-supported photodynamic therapy (EP-PDT) of cancer cells seems a promising approach. New developments in EP-PDT aim at enhanced tumor selectivity and biocompatibility by applying a second-generation photosensitizer, i.e., Chlorin e6 (Ce6). We have verified the improved photodynamic effect of Ce6 on skin cancer melanoma (Me45) cells and control (CHO-K1) cells. In this study, we applied 1 or 5 pulses of 10 ms duration and assessed the EP-PDT effect with a variety of tests, such as singlet oxygen scavenger (ABMDMA) photooxidation, oxidoreductive potential measurements, kinetic measurements with fluorescent microscopy, photosensitizer uptake studies, lipid peroxidation level, and actin fibers organization. The optimization of photosensitizer uptake as a function of temperature was also performed. Our results indicated efficient Ce6 delivery into Me45 cells and good photodynamic efficiency enhanced by the electroporation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Bioimaging Laboratory, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Bazylińska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Tang J, Ma J, Guo L, Wang K, Yang Y, Bo W, Yang L, Wang Z, Jiang H, Wu Z, Zeng B, Gong Y. Interpretation of the molecular mechanism of the electroporation induced by symmetrical bipolar picosecond pulse trains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183213. [PMID: 32057755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Picosecond pulse trains (psPTs) are emerging as a new characteristic diagnostic and therapeutic tool in biomedical fields. To specifically determine the stimulus provided to cells, in this article, we use a molecular dynamics (MD) model to show the molecular mechanisms of electroporation induced by symmetrical bipolar psPTs and predict a bipolar cancellation for the studied picosecond pulses. Electric field conditions that do not cause electroporation reveal that the interfacial water molecules continuously flip and redirect as the applied bipolar psPT reverses, and the molecules cannot keep moving in one direction or leave the lipid-water interface. Based on our simulation results, we determine the threshold for electroporation with symmetrical bipolar psPTs. For a fixed electric field intensity, a lower repetition frequency leads to more rapid electroporation. For a fixed repetition frequency, a higher electric field intensity leads to more rapid electroporation. We found that the water dipole relaxation time decreases as the electric field magnitude increases. Additionally, the influences of the symmetrical bipolar psPT intensity and frequency on the pore formation time are presented. Discrete nanoscale pores can form with the applied psPT at terahertz (THz) repetition frequency. When the psPT amplitude increases or the frequency decreases, the number of water bridges will increase. Moreover, for the first time, the molecular mechanism of bipolar cancellation for the studied picosecond pulse is discussed preliminarily. Our results indicate that the influence of the unipolar picosecond pulse on the interfacial water dipoles will accumulate in one direction, but the bipolar picosecond pulse does not cause this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; CNRS, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jialu Ma
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lianghao Guo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenfei Bo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Baoqing Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yubin Gong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Wolff CM, Steuer A, Stoffels I, von Woedtke T, Weltmann KD, Bekeschus S, Kolb JF. Combination of cold plasma and pulsed electric fields – A rationale for cancer patients in palliative care. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2020.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Meijer DKF, Geesink HJH. Favourable and Unfavourable EMF Frequency Patterns in Cancer: Perspectives for Improved Therapy and Prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2018.93019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Zhang B, Kuang D, Tang X, Mi Y, Luo Q, Song G. Effect of Low-Field High-Frequency nsPEFs on the Biological Behaviors of Human A375 Melanoma Cells. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:2093-2100. [PMID: 29989943 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2784546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of low-field high-frequency nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on multiple biological behaviors of human A375 melanoma cells and to optimize suitable parameters for further study and clinical use. METHODS An nsPEF generator was developed to generate appropriate pulses. Cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. The CCK-8 assay was performed to explore the effect of nsPEFs on the viability of A375 melanoma cells. Cell migration was assessed using a Transwell Boyden Chamber. The proliferation of A375 melanoma cells was determined by the cloning efficacy test. Furthermore, the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay was used to detect the effectiveness of nsPEFs in vivo. RESULTS The nsPEFs with our tested parameters failed to induce apoptosis of A375 melanoma cells, though nsPEFs with high pulse duration (500 ns) induced necrosis. However, the viability and migration of A375 melanoma cells were significantly inhibited by nsPEFs. nsPEFs also suppressed the proliferation of A375 melanoma cells by restricting cells in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, animal experiments demonstrated that nsPEFs inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. CONCLUSION Low-field high-frequency nsPEFs failed to induce apoptosis but effectively inhibited the growth of melanoma via affecting other biological behaviors of melanoma cells, such as cell viability, proliferation, and migration. SIGNIFICANCE This study investigated the influence of low-field high-frequency nsPEFs on melanoma through evaluating their effects on multiple biological behaviors and is helpful in the treatment of melanoma and other tumors.
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Steuer A, Wende K, Babica P, Kolb JF. Elasticity and tumorigenic characteristics of cells in a monolayer after nanosecond pulsed electric field exposure. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:567-580. [PMID: 28365791 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) applied to cells can induce different biological effects depending on pulse duration and field strength. One known process is the induction of apoptosis whereby nsPEFs are currently investigated as a novel cancer therapy. Another and probably related change is the breakdown of the cytoskeleton. We investigated the elasticity of rat liver epithelial cells WB-F344 in a monolayer using atomic force microscopy (AFM) with respect to the potential of cells to undergo malignant transformation or to develop a potential to metastasize. We found that the elastic modulus of the cells decreased significantly within the first 8 min after treatment with 20 pulses of 100 ns and with a field strength of 20 kV/cm but was still higher than the elasticity of their tumorigenic counterpart WB-ras. AFM measurements and immunofluorescent staining showed that the cellular actin cytoskeleton became reorganized within 5 min. However, both a colony formation assay and a cell migration assay revealed no significant changes after nsPEF treatment, implying that cells seem not to adopt malignant characteristics associated with metastasis formation despite the induced transient changes to elasticity and cytoskeleton that can be observed for up to 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steuer
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Wende
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Babica
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J F Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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Monopole patch antenna for in vivo exposure to nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 55:1073-1083. [PMID: 27422130 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore the promising therapeutic applications of short nanosecond electric pulses, in vitro and in vivo experiments are highly required. In this paper, an exposure system based on monopole patch antenna is reported to perform in vivo experiments on newborn mice with both monopolar and bipolar nanosecond signals. Analytical design and numerical simulations of the antenna in air were carried out as well as experimental characterizations in term of scattering parameter (S 11) and spatial electric field distribution. Numerical dosimetry of the setup with four newborn mice properly placed in proximity of the antenna patch was carried out, exploiting a matching technique to decrease the reflections due to dielectric discontinuities (i.e., from air to mouse tissues). Such technique consists in the use of a matching dielectric box with dielectric permittivity similar to those of the mice. The average computed electric field inside single mice was homogeneous (better than 68 %) with an efficiency higher than 20 V m-1 V-1 for the four exposed mice. These results demonstrate the possibility of a multiple (four) exposure of small animals to short nanosecond pulses (both monopolar and bipolar) in a controlled and efficient way.
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Steuer A, Schmidt A, Labohá P, Babica P, Kolb JF. Transient suppression of gap junctional intercellular communication after exposure to 100-nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 112:33-46. [PMID: 27439151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is an important mechanism that is involved and affected in many diseases and injuries. So far, the effect of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on the communication between cells was not investigated. An in vitro approach is presented with rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells grown and exposed in a monolayer. In order to observe sub-lethal effects, cells were exposed to pulsed electric fields with a duration of 100ns and amplitudes between 10 and 20kV/cm. GJIC strongly decreased within 15min after treatment but recovered within 24h. Gene expression of Cx43 was significantly decreased and associated with a reduced total amount of Cx43 protein. In addition, MAP kinases p38 and Erk1/2, involved in Cx43 phosphorylation, were activated and Cx43 became hyperphosphorylated. Immunofluorescent staining of Cx43 displayed the disassembly of gap junctions. Further, a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton was observed whereas tight junction protein ZO-1 was not significantly affected. All effects were field- and time-dependent and most pronounced within 30 to 60min after treatment. A better understanding of a possible manipulation of GJIC by nsPEFs might eventually offer a possibility to develop and improve treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Steuer
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Petra Labohá
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juergen F Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany.
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Dolinsek T, Sersa G, Prosen L, Bosnjak M, Stimac M, Razborsek U, Cemazar M. Electrotransfer of Plasmid DNA Encoding an Anti-Mouse Endoglin (CD105) shRNA to B16 Melanoma Tumors with Low and High Metastatic Potential Results in Pronounced Anti-Tumor Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 8:cancers8010003. [PMID: 26712792 PMCID: PMC4728450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin overexpression is associated with highly proliferative tumor endothelium and also with some tumors, including melanoma. Its targeting has anti-tumor effectiveness, which can also be obtained by RNA interference. The aim of our study was to explore the anti-tumor effectiveness of endoglin silencing by electrotransfer of plasmid DNA encoding short hairpin RNA against endoglin in two murine B16 melanoma variants with different metastatic potential on cells, spheroids and subcutaneous tumors in mice. The results demonstrate that endoglin silencing with gene electrotransfer reduces the proliferation, survival and migration of melanoma cells and also has anti-tumor effectiveness, as the therapy resulted in a high percentage of tumor cures (23% and 58% on B16F1 and B16F10 tumors, respectively). The effectiveness of the therapy correlated with endoglin expression in melanoma cells; in vitro the effects were more pronounced in B16F1 cells, which express more endoglin than B16F10. However, the opposite was observed in vivo in tumors, where there was a higher expression of endoglin and better anti-tumor effectiveness in the B16F10 tumor. In conclusion, targeting endoglin for the treatment of melanoma seems to be a concept worthy of further exploration due to the increased therapeutic effect of the therapy based on simultaneous vascular targeting and its direct effect on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Dolinsek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lara Prosen
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Masa Bosnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Monika Stimac
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urska Razborsek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia.
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Beebe J S. Mechanisms of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (NsPEF)-Induced Cell Death in Cells and Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2015.02.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wu S, Guo J, Wei W, Zhang J, Fang J, Beebe SJ. Enhanced breast cancer therapy with nsPEFs and low concentrations of gemcitabine. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:98. [PMID: 25379013 PMCID: PMC4209047 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy either before or after surgery is a common breast cancer treatment. Long-term, high dose treatments with chemotherapeutic drugs often result in undesirable side effects, frequent recurrences and resistances to therapy. Methods The anti-cancer drug, gemcitabine (GEM) was used in combination with pulse power technology with nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) for treatment of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Two strategies include sensitizing mammary tumor cells with GEM before nsPEF treatment or sensitizing cells with nsPEFs before GEM treatment. Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with 250 65 ns-duration pulses and electric fields of 15, 20 or 25 kV/cm before or after treatment with 0.38 μM GEM. Results Both cell lines exhibited robust synergism for loss of cell viability 24 h and 48 h after treatment; treatment with GEM before nsPEFs was the preferred order. In clonogenic assays, only MDA-MB-231 cells showed synergism; again GEM before nsPEFs was the preferred order. In apoptosis/necrosis assays with Annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide 2 h after treatment, both cell lines exhibited apoptosis as a major cell death mechanism, but only MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited modest synergism. However, unlike viability assays, nsPEF treatment before GEM was preferred. MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited much greater levels of necrosis then in MCF-7 cells, which were very low. Synergy was robust and greater when nsPEF treatment was before GEM. Conclusions Combination treatments with low GEM concentrations and modest nsPEFs provide enhanced cytotoxicity in two breast cancer cell lines. The treatment order is flexible, although long-term survival and short-term cell death analyses indicated different treatment order preferences. Based on synergism, apoptosis mechanisms for both agents were more similar in MCF-7 than in MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, necrosis mechanisms for the two agents were distinctly different in MDA-MB-231, but too low to reliably evaluate in MCF-7 cells. While disease mechanisms in the two cell lines are different based on the differential synergistic response to treatments, combination treatment with GEM and nsPEFs should provide an advantageous therapy for breast cancer ablation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wendong Wei
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China ; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
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16
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Chen R, Sain NM, Harlow KT, Chen YJ, Shires PK, Heller R, Beebe SJ. A protective effect after clearance of orthotopic rat hepatocellular carcinoma by nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2705-13. [PMID: 25081978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for treating liver cancer using radiation, chemotherapy combinations and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting specific mutations have provided longer survival times, yet multiple treatments are often needed and recurrences with new malignant phenotypes are not uncommon. New and innovative treatments are undoubtedly needed to successfully treat liver cancer. Over the last decade, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have shown promise in pre-clinical studies; however, these have been limited to treatment of skin cancers or xenographs in mice. In the present report, an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model is established in rats using N1-S1 HCC cells. Data demonstrate a response rate of 80-90% when 1000 pulses are delivered with 100ns durations, electric field strengths of 50kV/cm and repetition rates of 1Hz. N1-S1 tumours treated with nsPEFs expressed significant number of cells with active caspase-3 and caspase-9, but not caspase-8, indicating an intrinsic apoptosis mechanism(s) as well as caspase-independent mechanisms. Most remarkably, rats with successfully ablated tumours failed to re-grow tumours when challenged with a second injection of N1-S1 cells when implanted in the same or different liver lobe that harboured the original tumour. Given this protective effect, infiltration of immune cells and the presence of granzyme B expressing cells within days of treatment suggest the possibility of an anti-tumour adaptive immune response. In conclusion, NsPEFs not only eliminate N1-S1 HCC tumours, but also may induce an immuno-protective effect that defends animals against recurrences of the same cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Ethicon, 4545 Creek Road, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Nova M Sain
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - K Tyler Harlow
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Yeong-Jer Chen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | | | - Richard Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
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17
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Wang J, Guo J, Wu S, Feng H, Sun S, Pan J, Zhang J, Beebe SJ. Synergistic effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields combined with low concentration of gemcitabine on human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43213. [PMID: 22927951 PMCID: PMC3426536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer often involves uses of multiple therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action. In this study we investigated combinations of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) with low concentrations of gemcitabine on human oral cancer cells. Cells (Cal-27) were treated with pulse parameters (20 pulses, 100 ns in duration, intensities of 10, 30 and 60 kV/cm) and then cultured in medium with 0.01 µg/ml gemcitabine. Proliferation, apoptosis/necrosis, invasion and morphology of those cells were examined using MTT, flow cytometry, clonogenics, transwell migration and TEM assay. Results show that combination treatments of gemcitabine and nsPEFs exhibited significant synergistic activities versus individual treatments for inhibiting oral cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and necrosis. However, there was no apparent synergism for cell invasion. By this we demonstrated synergistic inhibition of Cal-27 cells in vitro by nsPEFs and gemcitabine. Synergistic behavior indicates that these two treatments have different sites of action and combination treatment allows reduced doses of gemcitabine and lower nsPEF conditions, which may provide better treatment for patients than either treatment alone while reducing systemic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Feng
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen J. Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
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