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Han X, Jia Y, Chen X, Sun C, Sun J. lncRNA TINCR attenuates the proliferation and invasion, and enhances the apoptosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma cells by regulating the miR‑424‑5p/LATS1 axis. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:238. [PMID: 34542165 PMCID: PMC8485017 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is responsible for ≥1/2 of skin cancer‑related mortalities. The aberrant expression of long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been associated with the development of CMM. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of the lncRNA TINCR ubiquitin domain containing (TINCR) in CMM has not been previously investigated, and thus, the current study aimed to evaluate this in vitro and in vivo. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) was used to analyze microRNA (miR)‑424‑5p expression, and RT‑qPCR and western blotting were used to measure TINCR, large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), cellular communication network factor 2 (CTGF), cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Cell Counting Kit‑8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of CMM cell lines, respectively. The binding sites between TINCR and miR‑424‑5p were predicted using the miRDB database. A dual luciferase reporter assay and RT‑qPCR were used to identify the relationship between TINCR and miR‑424‑5p in CMM cell lines. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that TINCR was one of the most significantly downregulated lncRNAs in CMM, and advanced stage CMM tissues showed the greatest decrease in TINCR expression. Moreover, in the collected CMM tissues and tested cell lines of the current study, TINCR expression was found to be downregulated compared with the respective controls. Notably, TINCR overexpression inhibited the expression levels of CTGF, CCN1 and AXL, decreased the proliferation and invasion, and induced the apoptosis of CMM cell lines. In addition, a mutual binding association was identified between miR‑424‑5p and TINCR in CMM cells. LATS1, a target of miR‑424‑5p, was found to be positively regulated by TINCR. TINCR activated Hippo signaling and repressed the activity of Yes 1 associated transcriptional regulator by regulating LATS1 expression, while LATS1 knockdown reversed the effect of TINCR overexpression on CMM cells. Collectively, the findings of the present study suggested that TINCR may attenuate the progression of CMM by regulating the miR‑424‑5p/LATS1 signaling axis. These results indicated that TINCR may play a tumor suppressive role in CMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Han
- Department of Neurology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xiangru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Chengkuan Sun
- Department of Handsurgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Sun L. COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma: an oncogene that accelerates the malignant development of tumor cells and predicts poor prognosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:242-250. [PMID: 33604618 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the roles of COP9 signalosome subunit 8 (COPS8) and its underlying mechanism in cutaneous melanoma. Bioinformatics tools were utilized to analyze the expression of COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma, while Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to assess the correlation between COPS8 and patients' overall survival. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were estimated by CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Western blot was used to check the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Results showed that COPS8 was up-regulated and predicted a poor clinical outcome for cutaneous melanoma patients. Knockdown of COPS8 inhibited cutaneous melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of COPS8 resulted in the opposite outcomes. The up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail were caused by silencing COPS8 while their expression showed contrary trends in cells with overexpressed COPS8. Collectively, COPS8 is up-regulated and promotes cutaneous melanoma progression via regulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, No. 9 ZhongKang street, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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Chen X, Gao J, Yu Y, Zhao Z, Pan Y. LncRNA FOXD3-AS1 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of cutaneous malignant melanoma via regulating miR-325/MAP3K2. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109438. [PMID: 31541886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to study the mechanism of LncRNA FOXD3-AS1 in cutaneous melanoma. METHODS FOXD3-AS1 levels in 47 pairs of melanoma samples were detected. We used qRT-PCR to detect FOXD3-AS1, miR-325 and MAP3K2 expression in different staging samples and cutaneous melanoma cell lines. We used Kaplan-Meier curve to analyze survival rate in patients with FOXD3-AS1 high and low expression. Sh-FOXD3-AS1, miR-325, miR-325 inhibitor and oeMAP3K2 were transfected. The proliferation of A375 and SK-MEL-1 was detected by CCK8 and EdU labeling assay and cell clone formation assay. Dual luciferase reporter assay and pull down assay was used to confirm the binding site of FOXD3-AS1, miR-325 and MAP3K2. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the effect of lncRNA on cell cycle. The migration and invasion ability were detected by transwell assay. RESULTS LncRNA FOXD3-AS1 highly expressed in cutaneous melanoma cells and tissues. Patients with highly expressed LncRNA FOXD3-AS1 were always with shorter overall survival time. When LncRNA FOXD3-AS1 was knockdown, proliferation, invasion and migration of cutaneous malignant melanoma, and tumor weight was inhibited, and cell cycle was arrested. LncRNA FOXD3-AS1 negatively regulated the expression of miR-325, and then improved the level of MAP3K2. MiR-325 was with similarly effects on above biological process, and MAP3K2 overexpression could rescue the influence of sh-FOXD3-AS1. Tumor volume and weight were measured to confirm the effect of sh-FOXD3-AS1 in vivo. CONCLUSION LncRNA FOXD3-AS1 could promote proliferation, invasion and migration of cutaneous malignant melanoma via regulating miR-325/MAP3K2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xige Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Weihai Central Hospitai, Weihai 264400, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Weihai Central Hospitai, Weihai 264400, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Weihai Central Hospitai, Weihai 264400, China
| | - Zhengjuan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Weihai Central Hospitai, Weihai 264400, China
| | - Yingli Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Weihai Central Hospitai, Weihai 264400, China.
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Fu A, Peh YM, Ngan W, Wei N, Luo KQ. Rapid identification of antimicrometastases drugs using integrated model systems with two dimensional monolayer, three dimensional spheroids, and zebrafish xenotransplantation tumors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2828-2843. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afu Fu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore
| | - Yu Ming Peh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore
| | - Weida Ngan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore
| | - Na Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, TaipaMacau China
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Oronsky B, Larson C, Reid TR, Carter CA. Case Series: Abscopal Benefit of Surgery in 3 Immunotherapy-Treated Patients With Unresectable Cancer. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2018; 6:2324709618786319. [PMID: 30083560 PMCID: PMC6069027 DOI: 10.1177/2324709618786319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For all of the optimism that immunotherapy has engendered, the flip side is that 7/10 patients with susceptible tumor types do not respond, while in nonsusceptible tumor types the response rates are significantly lower. In contradiction of the current orthodoxy against surgery in the setting of unresectable disease, we present 3 examples of immunotherapy-treated patients with widespread recurrence who experienced dramatic clinical improvement following debulking/metastasectomy. Taken together with examples from the literature that correlate longer survival with surgical intervention during treatment with immunotherapy, these 3 cases suggest that a new paradigm involving a wider role for surgery in the management of these patients should be explored. Possible mechanisms by which surgery may synergize with immunotherapy and improve outcomes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Larson
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony R Reid
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Macrophage depletion reduces postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastatic growth in a spontaneous murine model of melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22857-68. [PMID: 25762633 PMCID: PMC4673204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection of tumors is often followed by regrowth at the primary site and metastases may emerge rapidly following removal of the primary tumor. Macrophages are important drivers of tumor growth, and here we investigated their involvement in postoperative relapse as well as explore macrophage depletion as an adjuvant to surgical resection. RETAAD mice develop spontaneous metastatic melanoma that begins in the eye. Removal of the eyes as early as 1 week of age did not prevent the development of metastases; rather, surgery led to increased proliferation of tumor cells locally and in distant metastases. Surgery-induced increase in tumor cell proliferation correlated with increased macrophage density within the tumor. Moreover, macrophages stimulate tumor sphere formation from tumor cells of post-surgical but not control mice. Macrophage depletion with a diet containing the CSF-1R specific kinase inhibitor Ki20227 following surgery significantly reduced postoperative tumor recurrence and abrogated enhanced metastatic outgrowth. Our results confirm that tumor cells disseminate early, and show that macrophages contribute both to post-surgical tumor relapse and growth of metastases, likely through stimulating a population of tumor-initiating cells. Thus macrophage depletion warrants exploration as an adjuvant to surgical resection.
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Leong SPL, Tseng WW. Micrometastatic cancer cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood: Clinical significance and biologic implications. CA Cancer J Clin 2014; 64:195-206. [PMID: 24500995 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis may be regarded as a progressive process from its inception in the primary tumor microenvironment to distant sites by way of the lymphovascular system. Although this type of tumor dissemination often occurs in an orderly fashion via the sentinel lymph node (SLN), acting as a possible gateway to the regional lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood and ultimately to distant metastatic sites, this is not a general rule as tumor cells may enter the blood and spread to distant sites, bypassing the SLN. Methods of detecting micrometastatic cancer cells in the SLN, bone marrow, and peripheral blood of patients have been established. Patients with cancer cells in their SLN, bone marrow, or peripheral blood have worse clinical outcomes than patients with no evidence of spread to these compartments. The presence of these cells also has important biologic implications for disease progression and the clinician's understanding of the process of cancer metastasis. Further characterization of these micrometastatic cancer cells at each stage and site of metastasis is needed to design novel selective therapies for a more "personalized" treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley P L Leong
- Chief of Cutaneous Oncology, Associate Director of the Melanoma Program, Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center and Sutter Pacific Medical Foundation, Senior Scientist, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
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PEREZ-RIVAS LUISG, JEREZ JOSEM, FERNANDEZ-DE SOUSA CRISTINAE, DE LUQUE VANESSA, QUERO CRISTINA, PAJARES BELLA, FRANCO LEONARDO, SANCHEZ-MUÑOZ ALFONSO, RIBELLES NURIA, ALBA EMILIO. Serum protein levels following surgery in breast cancer patients: A protein microarray approach. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2200-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bell RE, Levy C. The three M's: melanoma, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and microRNA. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 24:1088-106. [PMID: 22004179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining intratumor heterogeneity have indicated that several cancer types, including melanoma, can display phenotypic plasticity, corresponding to their capacity to undergo transient reversible cellular changes. Conceptual models constructed to explain the process of cancer propagation differ in their treatment of intratumor heterogeneity. Recent observations of reversible phenotypic heterogeneity in melanoma have led to the proposal of a novel 'phenotypic plasticity' model of cancer propagation. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), the melanocyte 'lineage-specific' transcription factor, has emerged as one of the central players in melanoma phenotypic plasticity. Here we discuss the conceptual models suggested to explain the relations between MITF and melanoma plasticity, in addition to the complex regulatory roles that MITF plays in melanocytes and melanoma development. Finally, we provide an in-depth literature survey of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in MITF activity, melanoma propagation and metastasis, in addition to their potential use as agents of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bell
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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