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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Bruno P, Arshad A, Seymour L, Morrissiey H, Hukovic AI, Darie CC. Onco-Breastomics: An Eco-Evo-Devo Holistic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1628. [PMID: 38338903 PMCID: PMC10855488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Known as a diverse collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) can be hyperbolically characterized as a dynamic pseudo-organ, a living organism able to build a complex, open, hierarchically organized, self-sustainable, and self-renewable tumor system, a population, a species, a local community, a biocenosis, or an evolving dynamical ecosystem (i.e., immune or metabolic ecosystem) that emphasizes both developmental continuity and spatio-temporal change. Moreover, a cancer cell community, also known as an oncobiota, has been described as non-sexually reproducing species, as well as a migratory or invasive species that expresses intelligent behavior, or an endangered or parasite species that fights to survive, to optimize its features inside the host's ecosystem, or that is able to exploit or to disrupt its host circadian cycle for improving the own proliferation and spreading. BC tumorigenesis has also been compared with the early embryo and placenta development that may suggest new strategies for research and therapy. Furthermore, BC has also been characterized as an environmental disease or as an ecological disorder. Many mechanisms of cancer progression have been explained by principles of ecology, developmental biology, and evolutionary paradigms. Many authors have discussed ecological, developmental, and evolutionary strategies for more successful anti-cancer therapies, or for understanding the ecological, developmental, and evolutionary bases of BC exploitable vulnerabilities. Herein, we used the integrated framework of three well known ecological theories: the Bronfenbrenner's theory of human development, the Vannote's River Continuum Concept (RCC), and the Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Eco-Evo-Devo) theory, to explain and understand several eco-evo-devo-based principles that govern BC progression. Multi-omics fields, taken together as onco-breastomics, offer better opportunities to integrate, analyze, and interpret large amounts of complex heterogeneous data, such as various and big-omics data obtained by multiple investigative modalities, for understanding the eco-evo-devo-based principles that drive BC progression and treatment. These integrative eco-evo-devo theories can help clinicians better diagnose and treat BC, for example, by using non-invasive biomarkers in liquid-biopsies that have emerged from integrated omics-based data that accurately reflect the biomolecular landscape of the primary tumor in order to avoid mutilating preventive surgery, like bilateral mastectomy. From the perspective of preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine, these hypotheses may help patients to think about this disease as a process governed by natural rules, to understand the possible causes of the disease, and to gain control on their own health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Pathea Bruno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Aneeta Arshad
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Logan Seymour
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Hailey Morrissiey
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Angiolina I. Hukovic
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
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Dieu Vuong L, Ngoc Nguyen Q. ABERRANT METHYLATION OF CANCER-RELATED GENES IN VIETNAMESE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: ASSOCIATIONS WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:195-202. [PMID: 37824772 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.02.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alteration is one of the most common molecular changes identified in the progression of breast cancer (BC). AIM To study the frequency and relation between methylation of BRCA1, MLH1, MGMT, GSTP1, APC, RASSF1A, p16, WIF, and EGFR and the clinicopathological features in Vietnamese BC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and SPSS 20.0 software were utilized in order to identify methylated frequency as well as evaluate its relationship with the patient's clinical features. RESULTS In 162 BC cases, the methylation rates of the selected genes were 53.7%, 22.8%, 38.9%, 34.6%, 29.0%, 46.3%, 20.4%, 18.5%, and 28.4% respectively. In 32 cases of benign breast diseases (BBD) - 12.5%, 15.6%, 6.3%, 3.1%, 12.5%, 21.9%, 3.1%, 15.6% and 3.1%. BC samples displayed higher BRCA1, MGMT, GSTP1, APC, RASSF1A, WIF1, and p16 methylation levels than BBD samples (p < 0.001). Hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1, and RASSF1A was predominant in the invasive ductal carcinoma, while hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1, RASSF1A, WIF-1, and p16 was found to significantly correlate with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Hypermethylation of BRCA1, MGMT, and GSTP1 was more common in stage III (p < 0.05) than in stages I/II, whereas MLH1 methylation was predominant in stage I and APC methylation was less common in stage III (p = 0.03). In addition, methylation of RASSF1A and EGFR was more frequent in younger patients (p < 0.01) than in elder patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a gene panel (BRCA1/MGMT/GSTP1) can be used to support the diagnosis and screening of Vietnamese patients' BC with a sensitivity of 70%, and a specificity of 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Dieu Vuong
- Pathology and Molecular Biology Centre, National Cancer Hospital K, 30 Cau Buou Street, Thanh Tri, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Ngoc Nguyen
- Pathology and Molecular Biology Centre, National Cancer Hospital K, 30 Cau Buou Street, Thanh Tri, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Rodríguez-Cobos J, Viñal D, Poves C, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Peinado H, Pastor-Morate D, Prieto MI, Barderas R, Rodríguez-Salas N, Domínguez G. ΔNp73, TAp73 and Δ133p53 Extracellular Vesicle Cargo as Early Diagnosis Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2240. [PMID: 34066954 PMCID: PMC8124369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is a key factor in the overall survival of the patients. The actual screening programs include different approaches with significant limitations such as unspecificity, high invasiveness, and detection at late stages of the disease. The specific content of extracellular vesicles derived from malignant cells may represent a non-invasive technique for the early detection of colorectal cancer. Here, we studied the mRNA levels of ΔNp73, TAp73, and Δ133p53 in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from healthy subjects (n = 29), individuals with premalignant lesions (n = 49), and colorectal cancer patients (n = 42). Extracellular vesicles' ΔNp73 levels were already significantly high in subjects with premalignant lesions. Δ133p53 levels were statistically increased in colorectal cancer patients compared to the other two groups and were associated with patients' survival. Remarkably, TAp73 mRNA was not detected in any of the individuals. The evaluation of ΔNp73, Δ133p53 and CEA sensitivity, specificity and AUC values supports ΔNp73 as a better early diagnosis biomarker and CEA as the best to identify advanced stages. Thus, low levels of CEA and a high content of ΔNp73 may identify in screening programs those individuals at higher risk of presenting a premalignant lesion. In addition, Δ133p53 emerges as a potential prognosis biomarker in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Cobos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Research Institute Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Viñal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERONC, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (D.V.); (N.R.-S.)
| | - Carmen Poves
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Pastor-Morate
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.-M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mª Isabel Prieto
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.-M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Salas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERONC, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (D.V.); (N.R.-S.)
| | - Gemma Domínguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Research Institute Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Sellami M, Bragazzi NL. Nutrigenomics and Breast Cancer: State-of-Art, Future Perspectives and Insights for Prevention. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020512. [PMID: 32085420 PMCID: PMC7071273 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper nutrition plays a major role in preventing diseases and, therefore, nutritional interventions constitute crucial strategies in the field of Public Health. Nutrigenomics and nutriproteomics are arising from the integration of nutritional, genomics and proteomics specialties in the era of postgenomics medicine. In particular, nutrigenomics and nutriproteomics focus on the interaction between nutrients and the human genome and proteome, respectively, providing insights into the role of diet in carcinogenesis. Further omics disciplines, like metabonomics, interactomics and microbiomics, are expected to provide a better understanding of nutrition and its underlying factors. These fields represent an unprecedented opportunity for the development of personalized diets in women at risk of developing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Sport Science Program (SSP), College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University if Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.B.)
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Donovan MG, Wren SN, Cenker M, Selmin OI, Romagnolo DF. Dietary fat and obesity as modulators of breast cancer risk: Focus on DNA methylation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1331-1350. [PMID: 31691272 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Validated biomarkers enhance efforts for early detection and treatment, which reduce the risk of mortality. Epigenetic signatures have been suggested as good biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and targeted therapy of BC. Here, we highlight studies documenting the modifying effects of dietary fatty acids and obesity on BC biomarkers associated with DNA methylation. We focus our analysis on changes elicited in writers of DNA methylation (i.e., DNA methyltransferases), global DNA methylation and gene-specific DNA methylation. To provide context, we precede this discussion with a review of the available evidence for an association between BC incidence and both dietary fat consumption and obesity. We also include a review of well-vetted BC biomarkers related to cytosine-guanine dinucleotides methylation and how they influence BC risk, prognosis, tumour characteristics and response to treatment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Spencer N Wren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mikia Cenker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
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Zhou D, Tang W, Wang W, Pan X, An HX, Zhang Y. Association between aberrant APC promoter methylation and breast cancer pathogenesis: a meta-analysis of 35 observational studies. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2203. [PMID: 27478702 PMCID: PMC4950556 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is widely known as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway via the inactivation of β-catenin. An increasing number of studies have reported that APC methylation contributes to the predisposition to breast cancer (BC). However, recent studies have yielded conflicting results. Methods. Herein, we systematically carried out a meta-analysis to assess the correlation between APC methylation and BC risk. Based on searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) values were pooled and summarized. Results. A total of 31 articles involving 35 observational studies with 2,483 cases and 1,218 controls met the inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that the frequency of APC methylation was significantly higher in BC cases than controls under a random effect model (OR = 8.92, 95% CI [5.12–15.52]). Subgroup analysis further confirmed the reliable results, regardless of the sample types detected, methylation detection methods applied and different regions included. Interestingly, our results also showed that the frequency of APC methylation was significantly lower in early-stage BC patients than late-stage ones (OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.42–0.93]). Conclusion. APC methylation might play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of BC and could be regarded as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of Translational Medicine, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Xiamen, China; Department of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Han-Xiang An
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Xiamen, China; Department of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fuzhou, China
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Callahan CL, Wang Y, Marian C, Weng DY, Eng KH, Tao MH, Ambrosone CB, Nie J, Trevisan M, Smiraglia D, Edge SB, Shields PG, Freudenheim JL. DNA methylation and breast tumor clinicopathological features: The Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) study. Epigenetics 2016; 11:643-652. [PMID: 27245195 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1192735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association between methylation of 9 genes, SCGB3A1, GSTP1, RARB, SYK, FHIT, CDKN2A, CCND2, BRCA1, and SFN in tumor samples from 720 breast cancer cases with clinicopathological features of the tumors and survival. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) of methylation and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) between methylation and breast cancer related mortality. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity were associated with increased SCGB3A1 methylation among pre- and post-menopausal cases. Among premenopausal women, compared with Stage 0 cases, cases of invasive cancer were more likely to have increased methylation of RARB (Stage I OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.1-19.0; Stage IIA/IIB OR = 9.7, 95% CI: 2.4-39.9; Stage III/IV OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.1-29.4) and lower methylation of FHIT (Stage I OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9; Stage IIA/IIB OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8; Stage III/IV OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.1-3.4). Among postmenopausal women, methylation of SYK was associated with increased tumor size (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.7) and higher nuclear grade (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.6). Associations between methylation and breast cancer related mortality were observed among pre- but not post-menopausal women. Methylation of SCGB3A1 was associated with reduced risk of death from breast cancer (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.99) as was BRCA1 (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16-0.97). CCND2 methylation was associated with increased risk of breast cancer mortality (HR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-10.5). We observed differences in methylation associated with tumor characteristics; methylation of these genes was also associated with breast cancer survival among premenopausal cases. Understanding of the associations of DNA methylation with other clinicopathological features may have implications for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Callahan
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Youjin Wang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Catalin Marian
- b Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara , Timisoara , Romania
| | - Daniel Y Weng
- b Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Kevin H Eng
- d Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Meng-Hua Tao
- e Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth , TX , USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- f Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Jing Nie
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | | | - Dominic Smiraglia
- h Department of Cancer Genetics , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Stephen B Edge
- i Department of Healthcare Outcomes and Policy , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Peter G Shields
- b Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Yang J, Niu H, Huang Y, Yang K. A Systematic Analysis of the Relationship of CDH13 Promoter Methylation and Breast Cancer Risk and Prognosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149185. [PMID: 27153114 PMCID: PMC4859545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CDH13 (cadherin 13) is a special cadherin cell adhesion molecule, and the methylation of its promoter causes inactivation in a considerable number of human cancers. To explore the association between CDH13 promoter methylation and breast cancer risk and prognosis, we systematically integrated published articles to investigate the diagnostic performance of the CDH13 methylation test for breast cancer. An independent DNA methylation microarray dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA) project was used to validate the results of the meta-analysis. Methods The relevant literature was searched using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for articles published in English up to May 2015. Data were analyzed using random effect or fixed effect models. The effect sizes were estimated by measuring an odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A chi-squared based Q test and sensitivity analysis were performed to examine the between-study heterogeneity and the contribution of single studies to the final results, respectively. Funnel plots were constructed to evaluate publication bias. Results Seven hundred and twenty-six breast tumor samples and 422 controls were collected from 13 published studies. The data from the TCGA set include both tumor and normal samples. A significant association was observed between CDH13 promoter methylation and breast cancer, with an aggregated OR equal to 13.73 (95%CI: 8.09~23.31, z = 9.70, p<0.0001) as measured using the fixed effect model and 14.23 (95%CI: 5.06~40.05, z = 5.03, p<0.0001) as measured using a random effect model. The HR values were calculated as 0.77 (95%CI: 0.27~2.21, z = -0.49, p = 0.622) and 0.38 (95%CI: 0.09~1.69, z = -1.27, p = 0.20) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), respectively, using the random effect model. This result indicated that breast cancer patients with CDH13 promoter methylation correlated non-significantly with prognosis and is therefore similar to the findings of the TCGA project. Conclusions The methylation status of CDH13 promoter was strongly associated with breast cancer risk. However, CDH13 promoter methylation was not significantly related to the OS and DFS of breast cancer and may have limited prognostic value for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yang
- Chest surgery, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Panlong Campus, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, P.R.C
| | - Heng Niu
- Chest surgery, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Panlong Campus, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, P.R.C
| | - Yingze Huang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R.C
- * E-mail:
| | - Kunxian Yang
- Chest surgery, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Panlong Campus, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, P.R.C
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The stem cell renewal and DNA damage response pathways are frequently altered in fibroepithelial tumors of breast in Indian patients. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fang C, Wei XM, Zeng XT, Wang FB, Weng H, Long X. Aberrant GSTP1 promoter methylation is associated with increased risk and advanced stage of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 19 case-control studies. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:920. [PMID: 26585467 PMCID: PMC4653831 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene in various types of human cancers. Aberrant methylation of tumor-related genes at the promoter regions can inactivate genes, which is important in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. However, the role of GSTP1 promoter methylation in the occurrence of breast cancer and its relationship with tumor stage and histological grade has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to yield a more accurate association. METHODS A systematically literature search was made on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for eligible studies. The odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated by RevMan 5.2 software. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Eventually, 17 articles involving 19 case-control studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled results indicated that aberrant GSTP1 promoter methylation was significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer (OR = 7.85, 95 % CI = 5.12-12.01; Caucasians OR = 7.23, 95 % CI = 3.76-13.90 and Asians OR = 11.71, 95 % CI = 5.69-24.07). Furthermore, our results revealed that GSTP1 promoter methylation was more often observed in late-stage breast cancer patients compared with early-stage ones (OR = 1.84, 95 % CI = 1.32-2.58). However, no significant association was identified between GSTP1 promoter methylation and histological grade (OR = 0.74, 95 % CI = 0.43-1.26). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that GSTP1 promoter methylation probably plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis, which could serve as an effective biomarker for the diagnosis and monitor of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Mei Wei
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P.R. China.
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Weng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Xinghua Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
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White AJ, Chen J, McCullough LE, Xu X, Cho YH, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Terry MB, Hibshoosh H, Santella RM, Gammon MD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts and breast cancer: modification by gene promoter methylation in a population-based study. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1791-802. [PMID: 26407953 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts have been associated with breast cancer incidence. Aberrant changes in DNA methylation may be an early event in carcinogenesis. However, possible relations between PAH-DNA adducts, methylation, and breast cancer are unknown. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess associations between PAH-DNA adducts, and breast cancer, stratified by DNA methylation markers and (2) examine interactions between adducts and DNA methylation in association with breast cancer and tumor subtype. METHODS In a population-based case-control study, promoter methylation of 13 breast cancer-related genes was measured in tumor tissue (n = 765-851 cases). Blood DNA from breast cancer cases (n = 873) and controls (n = 941) was used to assess PAH-DNA adducts and global methylation. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); and the ratio of the OR (ROR) was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Women with detectable PAH-DNA adducts and methylated RARβ (ROR 2.69, 95% CI 1.02-7.12; p for interaction = 0.03) or APC (ROR 1.76, 95% CI 0.87-3.58; p for interaction = 0.09) genes were more likely to have hormone receptor-positive tumors than other subtypes. Interactions with other methylation markers were not apparent (p ≥ 0.10). The association between adducts and breast cancer did not vary by methylation status of the tumor nor did adducts associate with global methylation in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Gene-specific methylation of RARβ, and perhaps APC, may interact with PAH-DNA adducts to increase risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. There was little evidence that adducts were associated with or interacted with other methylation markers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, CB#7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Jia Chen
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Oncological Science, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, CB#7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Xinran Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, CB#7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
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12
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Moelans CB, Vlug EJ, Ercan C, Bult P, Buerger H, Cserni G, van Diest PJ, Derksen PWB. Methylation biomarkers for pleomorphic lobular breast cancer - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:397-405. [PMID: 26392358 PMCID: PMC4602117 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleomorphic invasive lobular cancer (pleomorphic ILC) is a rare variant of ILC that is characterized by a classic ILC-like growth pattern combined with an infiltrative ductal cancer (IDC)-like high nuclear atypicality. There is an ongoing discussion whether pleomorphic ILC is a dedifferentiated form of ILC or in origin an IDC with a secondary loss of cohesion. Since gene promoter hypermethylation is an early event in breast carcinogenesis and thus may provide information on tumor progression, we set out to compare the methylation patterns of pleomorphic ILC, classic ILC and IDC. In addition, we aimed at analyzing the methylation status of pleomorphic ILC. Methods We performed promoter methylation profiling of 24 established and putative tumor suppressor genes by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) analysis in 20 classical ILC, 16 pleomorphic ILC and 20 IDC cases. Results We found that pleomorphic ILC showed relatively low TP73 and MLH1 methylation levels and relatively high RASSF1A methylation levels compared to classic ILC. Compared to IDC, pleomorphic ILC showed relatively low MLH1 and BRCA1 methylation levels. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a similar methylation pattern for pleomorphic ILC and IDC, while the methylation pattern of classic ILC was different. Conclusion This is the first report to identify TP73, RASSF1A, MLH1 and BRCA1 as possible biomarkers to distinguish pleomorphic ILC from classic ILC and IDC.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Analysis of Variance
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/classification
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Methylation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Logistic Models
- Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- MutL Protein Homolog 1
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- ROC Curve
- Tumor Protein p73
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/classification
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva J Vlug
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cigdem Ercan
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gabor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Campa D, Barrdahl M, Gaudet MM, Black A, Chanock SJ, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Haiman C, Hankinson S, Hazra A, Henderson B, Hoover RN, Hunter DJ, Joshi AD, Kraft P, Le Marchand L, Lindström S, Willett W, Travis RC, Amiano P, Siddiq A, Trichopoulos D, Sund M, Tjønneland A, Weiderpass E, Peeters PH, Panico S, Dossus L, Ziegler RG, Canzian F, Kaaks R. Genetic risk variants associated with in situ breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:82. [PMID: 26070784 PMCID: PMC4487950 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer in situ (BCIS) diagnoses, a precursor lesion for invasive breast cancer, comprise about 20 % of all breast cancers (BC) in countries with screening programs. Family history of BC is considered one of the strongest risk factors for BCIS. METHODS To evaluate the association of BC susceptibility loci with BCIS risk, we genotyped 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with risk of invasive BC, in 1317 BCIS cases, 10,645 invasive BC cases, and 14,006 healthy controls in the National Cancer Institute's Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age and study, we estimated the association of SNPs with BCIS using two different comparison groups: healthy controls and invasive BC subjects to investigate whether BCIS and BC share a common genetic profile. RESULTS We found that five SNPs (CDKN2BAS-rs1011970, FGFR2-rs3750817, FGFR2-rs2981582, TNRC9-rs3803662, 5p12-rs10941679) were significantly associated with BCIS risk (P value adjusted for multiple comparisons <0.0016). Comparing invasive BC and BCIS, the largest difference was for CDKN2BAS-rs1011970, which showed a positive association with BCIS (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.38, P = 1.27 x 10(-4)) and no association with invasive BC (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI: 0.99-1.07, P = 0.06), with a P value for case-case comparison of 0.006. Subgroup analyses investigating associations with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) found similar associations, albeit less significant (OR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.09-1.42, P = 1.07 x 10(-3)). Additional risk analyses showed significant associations with invasive disease at the 0.05 level for 28 of the alleles and the OR estimates were consistent with those reported by other studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds to the knowledge that several of the known BC susceptibility loci are risk factors for both BCIS and invasive BC, with the possible exception of rs1011970, a putatively functional SNP situated in the CDKN2BAS gene that may be a specific BCIS susceptibility locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Core Genotyping Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA.
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Susan Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Cancer Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Aditi Hazra
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Basque Health Department, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, 23 Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias and Alexandroupoleos Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Fridtjof Nansens vei 19, 0304, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Haarmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II University, via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
| | - Laure Dossus
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- IGR, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Huynh KT, Chong KK, Greenberg ES, Hoon DSB. Epigenetics of estrogen receptor-negative primary breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2012; 12:371-82. [PMID: 22616702 DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, breast cancer is being recognized as a heterogeneous disease comprised of molecularly and phenotypically distinct intrinsic tumor subtypes with different clinical outcomes. This biological heterogeneity has significant implications, particularly as it relates to expression profiling of estrogen receptor (ER) status, as classifying breast cancers based on hormone receptor expression impacts not only prognosis but also treatment options and long-term outcomes. Epigenetics has emerged as a promising field for the assessment of hormone receptor status. Epigenetic aberrations have been shown to regulate ER and offer reversible targets for development of new therapies. This review covers ER-negative breast tumor epigenetic aberrations and summarizes the major epigenetic mechanisms governing ER expression and how it impacts treatment of ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T Huynh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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15
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Stuppia L, Antonucci I, Palka G, Gatta V. Use of the MLPA assay in the molecular diagnosis of gene copy number alterations in human genetic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3245-3276. [PMID: 22489151 PMCID: PMC3317712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay is a recently developed technique able to evidence variations in the copy number of several human genes. Due to this ability, MLPA can be used in the molecular diagnosis of several genetic diseases whose pathogenesis is related to the presence of deletions or duplications of specific genes. Moreover, MLPA assay can also be used in the molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases characterized by the presence of abnormal DNA methylation. Due to the large number of genes that can be analyzed by a single technique, MLPA assay represents the gold standard for molecular analysis of all pathologies derived from the presence of gene copy number variation. In this review, the main applications of the MLPA technique for the molecular diagnosis of human diseases are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Giandomenico Palka
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
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