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Tali G, Payne AE, Hudson TJ, da Silva SD, Pusztaszeri M, Tamilia M, Forest VI. The Difference in Clinical Behavior of Gene Fusions Involving RET/PTC Fusions and THADA/IGF2BP3 Fusions in Thyroid Nodules. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3394. [PMID: 37444504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular testing has been used as an adjunct to morphological evaluation in the workup of thyroid nodules. This study investigated the impact of two gene fusions, RET/PTC and THADA/IGF2BP3, that have been described as oncogenic events in thyroid neoplasms. METHODS We performed a retrospective, single-centered study at a McGill University teaching hospital in Montreal, Canada, from January 2016 to August 2021. We included patients who underwent surgery for thyroid nodules that pre-operatively underwent molecular testing showing either RET/PTC or THADA/IGF2BP3 gene fusion. RESULTS This study included 697 consecutive operated thyroid nodules assessed using molecular testing, of which five had the RET/PTC fusion and seven had the THADA/IGF2BP3 fusion. Of the five nodules in the RET/PTC group, 100% were malignant and presented as Bethesda V/VI. Eighty percent (4/5) were found to have lymph node metastasis. Twenty percent (1/5) had extrathyroidal extensions. Sixty percent (3/5) were a diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and the rest were the classical variant. Of the seven THADA/IGF2BP3 nodules, all presented as Bethesda III/IV and 71.4% (5/7) were malignant based on the final pathology analysis, and 28.6% (2/7) were NIFTP. All the THADA/IGF2BP3 fusion malignancies were a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. None had lymph node metastasis or displayed extrathyroidal extensions. CONCLUSIONS RET/PTC nodules presented as Bethesda V/VI and potentially had more aggressive features, whereas THADA/IGF2BP3 nodules presented as Bethesda III/IV and had more indolent behavior. This understanding may allow clinicians to develop more targeted treatment plans, such as the extent of surgery and adjuvant radioactive iodine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tali
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Alexandra E Payne
- Health Science Program, Marianopolis College, Westmount, QC H3Y 1X9, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hudson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marc Pusztaszeri
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michael Tamilia
- Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Véronique-Isabelle Forest
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Zarkesh M, Arab N, Abooshahab R, Heydarzadeh S, Sheikholeslami S, Nozhat Z, Salehi Jahromi M, Fanaei SA, Hedayati M. CpG island status as an epigenetic alteration for NIS promoter in thyroid neoplasms; a cross-sectional study with a systematic review. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:310. [PMID: 36221112 PMCID: PMC9555109 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene silence via methylation of the CpG islands is cancer's most common epigenetic modification. Given the highly significant role of NIS in thyroid cancer (TC) differentiation, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the DNA methylation pattern in seven CpG islands (CpG1-7 including +846, +918, +929, +947, +953, +955, and +963, respectively) of the NIS promoter in patients diagnosed with papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), and multinodular goiter (MNG). Additionally, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to compare our results with studies concerning methylation of the NIS gene promoter. METHODS Thyroid specimens from 64 patients met the eligibility criteria, consisting of 28 PTC, 9 FTC, and 27 benign MNG cases. The mRNA of NIS was tested by qRT-PCR. The bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) technique was performed to evaluate the promoter methylation pattern of the NIS gene. Sequencing results were received in chromatograph, FASTA, SEQ, and pdf formats and were analyzed using Chromas. The methylation percentage at each position and for each sample was calculated by mC/(mC+C) formula for all examined CpGs; following that, the methylation percentage was also calculated at each CpG site. Besides, a literature search was conducted without restricting publication dates. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria after removing duplicates, unrelated articles, and reviews. RESULTS NIS mRNA levels decreased in tumoral tissues of PTC (P = 0.04) and FTC (P = 0.03) patients compared to their matched non-tumoral ones. The methylation of NIS promoter was not common in PTC samples, but it was frequent in FTC (P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the methylation levels in the 4th(+ 947), 6th(+ 955), and 7th(+ 963) CpGs sites in the forward strand of NIS promoter between FTC and MNG tissues (76.34 ± 3.12 vs 40.43 ± 8.42, P = 0.004, 69.63 ± 3.03 vs 23.29 ± 6.84, P = 0.001 and 50.33 ± 5.65 vs 24 ± 6.89, P = 0.030, respectively). There was no significant correlation between the expression and methylation status of NIS in PTC and FTC tissues. CONCLUSION Perturbation in NIS promoter's methylation individually may have a potential utility in differentiating MNG and FTC tissues. The absence of a distinct methylation pattern implies the importance of other epigenetic processes, which may alter the production of NIS mRNA. In addition, according to the reversibility of DNA methylation, it is anticipated that the design of particular targeted demethylation medicines will lead to a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noman Arab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sheikholeslami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nozhat
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Marziyeh Salehi Jahromi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Signature Based on Methylation Profiles and Methylation-Driven Gene DAB2 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1686316. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1686316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence is the major death cause of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), and a better understanding of recurrence risk at early stage may lead to make the optimal medical decision to improve patients’ prognosis. The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification system primary based on clinic-pathologic features is the most commonly used to describe the initial risk of persistent/recurrent disease. Besides, multiple prognostics models based on multigenes expression profiles have been developed to predict the recurrence risk of DTC patients. Recent evidences indicated that aberrant DNA methylation is involved in the initiation and progression of DTC and can be useful biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction of DTC. Therefore, there is a need for integrating gene methylation feature to assess the recurrence risk of DTC. Gene methylation profile from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to construct a recurrence risk model of DTC by successively performed univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression, and multivariate Cox regression. Two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) methylation cohorts of DTC were utilized to validate the predictive value of the methylation profiles model as external cohort by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis. Besides, CCK-8, colony-formation assay, transwell, and scratch-wound assay were used to investigate the biological significance of critical gene in the model. In our study, we constructed and validated a prognostic signature based on methylation profiles of SPTA1, APCS, and DAB2 and constructed a nomogram based on the methylation-related model, age, and AJCC_T stage that could provide evidence for the long-term treatment and management of DTC patients. Besides, in vitro experiments showed that DAB2 inhibited proliferation, colony-formation, and migration of BCPAP cells and the gene set enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis showed that DAB2 may promote antitumor immunity in DTC. In conclusion, promoter hypermethylation and loss expression of DAB2 in DTC may be a biomarker of unfavorable prognosis and poor response to immune therapy.
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Yan HC, Xiang C. Aberrant Expression of BUB1B Contributes to the Progression of Thyroid Carcinoma and Predicts Poor Outcomes for Patients. J Cancer 2022; 13:2336-2351. [PMID: 35517426 PMCID: PMC9066201 DOI: 10.7150/jca.68408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to clarify the function and potential mechanism of BUB1B in THCA. Methods: Expression of BUB1B in THCA was firstly determined, and its important prognostic value was then demonstrated. The potential mechanism was initially predicted by KEGG analysis. To explore the specific function of BUB1B in THCA, we used lentivirus infection to knock down the BUB1B, and then performed flow cytometry, colony formation, transwell, and wound-healing assays. Related protein expression was detected through western blotting. Additionally, we predicted the BUB1B-regulated pathways involved in THCA by GSEA analysis. Results: BUB1B expression was highly increased in THCA tissues relative to normal controls. We further found that BUB1B was essential for tumor cell proliferation, and BUB1B high expression predicted a shorter PFS time of THCA patients. More importantly, Cox regression determined the BUB1B as an independent prognostic factor for PFS in THCA. BUB1B was initially found to participate in the cell cycle pathway from KEGG analysis. Unexpectedly, we did not detect the disturbing effect on the cell cycle distribution of THCA cells with BUB1B knockdown. But, BUB1B knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of THCA cells, as well as increased apoptotic cells, and the results were further confirmed by western blotting. Through GSEA analysis, we predicted a positive correlation between BUB1B and metastasis-related pathways such as mTOR and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Conclusions: Present study identified BUB1B as a promising clinical prognostic factor in THCA, as well as a potential novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chao Yan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
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Oh JM, Ahn BC. Molecular mechanisms of radioactive iodine refractoriness in differentiated thyroid cancer: Impaired sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression owing to altered signaling pathway activity and intracellular localization of NIS. Theranostics 2021; 11:6251-6277. [PMID: 33995657 PMCID: PMC8120202 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced, metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) have a poor prognosis mainly owing to radioactive iodine (RAI) refractoriness caused by decreased expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), diminished targeting of NIS to the cell membrane, or both, thereby decreasing the efficacy of RAI therapy. Genetic aberrations (such as BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC rearrangements) have been reported to be prominently responsible for the onset, progression, and dedifferentiation of DTCs, mainly through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways. Eventually, these alterations result in a lack of NIS and disabling of RAI uptake, leading to the development of resistance to RAI therapy. Over the past decade, promising approaches with various targets have been reported to restore NIS expression and RAI uptake in preclinical studies. In this review, we summarized comprehensive molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation in RAI-refractory DTCs and reviews strategies for restoring RAI avidity by tackling the mechanisms.
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Canberk S, Lima AR, Pinto M, Soares P, Máximo V. Epigenomics in Hurthle Cell Neoplasms: Filling in the Gaps Towards Clinical Application. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:674666. [PMID: 34108939 PMCID: PMC8181423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.674666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely described that cancer genomes have frequent alterations to the epigenome, including epigenetic silencing of various tumor suppressor genes with functions in almost all cancer-relevant signalling pathways, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell migration and DNA repair. Epigenetic alterations comprise DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs dysregulated expression and they play a significant role in the differentiation and proliferation properties of TC. In this review, our group assessed the published evidence on the tumorigenic role of epigenomics in Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN), highlighting the yet limited, heteregeneous and non-validated data preventing its current use in clinical practice, despite the well developed assessment techniques available. The identified evidence gaps call for a joint endeavour by the medical community towards a deeper and more systematic study of HCN, aiming at defining epigenetic markers in early diagnose, allowing for accurate stratification of maligancy and disease risk and for effective systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Canberk
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lima
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Pinto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Valdemar Máximo,
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Khatami F, Larijani B, Heshmat R, Nasiri S, Haddadi-Aghdam M, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Tavangar SM. Hypermethylated RASSF1 and SLC5A8 promoters alongside BRAF V600E mutation as biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6954-6968. [PMID: 32017063 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been considered as a diagnostic source to track genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer. We aimed to study mutation in addition to the methylation status in the promoter regions of RASSF1 and SLC5A8 genes in tissues and circulating free DNA samples of patients affected with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and thyroid nodules as controls. BRAFV600E mutation was studied by ARMS-scorpion real-time polymerase chain reaction method in 57 PTC and 45 thyroid nodule cases. Methylation status of RASSF1 and SLC5A8 promoter regions was analyzed by methylation-specific high-resolution melting curve analysis. BRAFV600E mutation was found in 39 (68.4%) out of 57 PTC tissue samples, while in 33 (49.1%) cases of cfDNA, this mutation was detected. The frequency of BRAFV600E mutation in cfDNA was significantly different between metastatic and nonmetastatic PTC cases (22 of 33 PTC cases vs. 5 of 34 thyroid nodule samples). Methylation levels of three promoter regions of SLC5A8 and proximal promoter region of RASSF1 was significantly different between PTC and thyroid nodule cases in both cfDNA and tissue DNA. In addition, the methylation status of these two genes in tissue DNA was reflected in methylation status observed in cfDNA. This study confirmed that BRAFV600E mutation is better for discrimination between papillary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid nodules. On the other hand, hypermethylation in the more proximal promoter regions to RASSF1 and SLC5A8 genes showed higher sensitivity and more acceptable specificity for this discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Nasiri
- Departments of Surgery, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haddadi-Aghdam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li Q, Wang P, Sun C, Wang C, Sun Y. Integrative Analysis of Methylation and Transcriptome Identified Epigenetically Regulated lncRNAs With Prognostic Relevance for Thyroid Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:439. [PMID: 31998704 PMCID: PMC6962111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, an important regulator of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression, can disturb the expression patterns of lncRNAs and contribute to carcinogenesis. However, knowledge about crosstalk effects between DNA methylation and lncRNA regulation in thyroid cancer (THCA) remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of methylation and the transcriptome and identified 483 epigenetically regulated lncRNAs (EpilncRNAs) associated with the development and progression of THCA. These EpilncRNAs can be divided into two categories based on their methylation and expression patterns: 228 HyperLncRNAs and 255 HypoLncRNAs. Then, we identified a methylation-driven 5-lncRNA-based signature (EpiLncPM) to improve prognosis prediction using the random survival forest and multivariate Cox analysis, which were then validated using the training dataset [Hazard ratio (HR) = 50.097, 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.231-245.312, p < 0.001] and testing dataset (HR = 4.395, 95% CI: 0.981-19.686, p = 0.053). Multivariate analysis suggested that the EpiLncPM is an independent prognostic factor. By performing a functional enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG for mRNAs co-expressed with the EpiLncPM, we found that the EpiLncPM was involved in immune and inflammatory-related biological processes. Finally, in situ hybridization analysis in 119 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues revealed that selected candidate lncRNA AC110011 has significantly higher expression of PTC compared to adjacent non-neoplastic tissues, and was closely related to the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and extrathyroidal extension. In summary, our study characterized the crosstalk between DNA methylation and lncRNA, and provided novel biomarkers for the prognosis of THCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanhui Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Variants are Characterized by Co-dysregulation of Immune and Cancer Associated Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081179. [PMID: 31443155 PMCID: PMC6721495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) variants exhibit different prognosis, but critical characteristics of PTC variants that contribute to differences in pathogenesis are not well-known. This study aims to characterize dysregulated immune-associated and cancer-associated genes in three PTC subtypes to explore how the interplay between cancer and immune processes causes differential prognosis. RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify dysregulated genes in each variant. The dysregulation profiles of the subtypes were compared using functional pathways clustering and correlations to relevant clinical variables, genomic alterations, and microRNA regulation. We discovered that the dysregulation profiles of classical PTC (CPTC) and the tall cell variant (TCPTC) are similar and are distinct from that of the follicular variant (FVPTC). However, unique cancer or immune-associated genes are associated with clinical variables for each subtype. Cancer-related genes MUC1, FN1, and S100-family members were the most clinically relevant in CPTC, while APLN and IL16, both immune-related, were clinically relevant in FVPTC. RAET-family members, also immune-related, were clinically relevant in TCPTC. Collectively, our data suggest that dysregulation of both cancer and immune associated genes defines the gene expression landscapes of PTC variants, but different cancer or immune related genes may drive the phenotype of each variant.
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Zafon C, Gil J, Pérez-González B, Jordà M. DNA methylation in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R415-R439. [PMID: 31035251 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cancer genomics has provided new insights into genetic alterations and signaling pathways involved in thyroid cancer. However, the picture of the molecular landscape is not yet complete. DNA methylation, the most widely studied epigenetic mechanism, is altered in thyroid cancer. Recent technological advances have allowed the identification of novel differentially methylated regions, methylation signatures and potential biomarkers. However, despite recent progress in cataloging methylation alterations in thyroid cancer, many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine the current knowledge on DNA methylation in thyroid cancer and discuss its potential clinical applications. After providing a general overview of DNA methylation and its dysregulation in cancer, we carefully describe the aberrant methylation changes in thyroid cancer and relate them to methylation patterns, global hypomethylation and gene-specific alterations. We hope this review helps to accelerate the use of the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of DNA methylation for the benefit of thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Zafon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit (VHIR) and Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for the Study of Thyroid Cancer (CECaT), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-González
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Consortium for the Study of Thyroid Cancer (CECaT), Catalonia, Spain
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
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Lin CL, Tsai ML, Lin CY, Hsu KW, Hsieh WS, Chi WM, Huang LC, Lee CH. HDAC1 and HDAC2 Double Knockout Triggers Cell Apoptosis in Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020454. [PMID: 30669676 PMCID: PMC6359659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and squamous thyroid carcinoma (STC) are both rare and advanced thyroid malignancies with a very poor prognosis and an average median survival time of 5 months and less than 20% of affected patients are alive 1 year after diagnosis. The clinical management of both ATC and STC is very similar because they are not particularly responsive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This inspired us to explore a novel and effective clinically approved therapy for ATC treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) drugs are recently FDA-approved drug for malignancies, especially for blood cell cancers. Therefore, we investigated whether an HDACi drug acts as an effective anticancer drug for advanced thyroid cancers. Cell viability analysis of panobinostat treatment demonstrated a significant IC50 of 0.075 µM on SW579 STC cells. In addition, panobinostat exposure activated histone acetylation and triggered cell death mainly through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-related protein activation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out HDAC1 and HDAC2 genes in SW579 cells, we observed that the histone acetylation level and cell cycle arrest were enhanced without any impact on cell growth. Furthermore, HDAC1 and HDAC2 double knockout (KO) cells showed dramatic cell apoptosis activation compared to HDAC1 and HDAC2 individual KO cells. This suggests expressional and biofunctional compensation between HDAC1 and HDAC2 on SW579 cells. This study provides strong evidence that panobinostat can potentially be used in the clinic of advanced thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ling Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Lin Tsai
- Department of General Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shyang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ming Chi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Chi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Medicine Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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12
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Zarkesh M, Zadeh-Vakili A, Azizi F, Foroughi F, Akhavan MM, Hedayati M. Altered Epigenetic Mechanisms in Thyroid Cancer Subtypes. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:41-56. [PMID: 28986854 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-017-0303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the endocrine system. Molecular methods for diagnosis of invasive thyroid disease can be effectively adopted. Epigenetic factors play an important role in the diversity patterns of gene expression and the phenotypic and biological characteristics of TC subtypes. We aimed to review epigenetic changes in the main subtypes of TC, along with a presentation of the methods that have examined these changes, and active clinical trials for the treatment of advanced TCs targeting epigenetic changes. A literature analysis was performed in MEDLINE using PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar for studies published up to 2016, using the keywords: "Epigenetic alterations" OR "Epigenetic changes", "thyroid cancers", "papillary thyroid cancer", "medullary thyroid cancer", "follicular thyroid cancer", and "anaplastic thyroid cancer", which resulted in 310 articles in English. All related abstracts were reviewed and studies were included that were published in English, had available full text, and determined the details of the methods and materials associated with the epigenetic patterns of TC and its subtypes (100 articles). Analysis of epigenetic alterations in TC subtypes helps to identify pathogenesis and can play an important role in the classification and diagnosis of tumors. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially aberrant methylation of DNA and microRNAs (miRs), are likely to play an important role in thyroid tumorigenesis. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of histone modification mechanisms in TC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Foroughi
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Mohammad Akhavan
- Skin Research Center School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Asa SL, Ezzat S. The epigenetic landscape of differentiated thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:3-10. [PMID: 28711609 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma of follicular cell-derivation is the most common endocrine neoplasm with a rapidly increasing incidence. The majority represent papillary carcinomas; more rarely, they are follicular carcinomas. The vast majority have indolent behavior, however a significant proportion progress to develop lymph node metastases and a smaller proportion disseminate systemically. While common and frequent genetic events have been described to underlie the development of these neoplasms, the factors contributing to differing behaviors among tumors with similar genetic alterations remain unclear. This review focuses on epigenetic mechanisms targeting major signaling pathways that underlie the spectrum of biological behaviors and that may have potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shereen Ezzat
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Han J, Chen M, Wang Y, Gong B, Zhuang T, Liang L, Qiao H. Identification of Biomarkers Based on Differentially Expressed Genes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9912. [PMID: 29967488 PMCID: PMC6028435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is increasing rapidly throughout the world. Hence, there is an urgent need for identifying more specific and sensitive biomarkers to explorate the pathogenesis of PTC. In this study, three pairs of stage I PTC tissues and matched normal adjacent tissues were sequenced by RNA-Seq, and 719 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in 28 pathways. A total of 18 nodes consisting of 20 DEGs were identified in the top 10% of KEGG integrated networks. The functions of DEGs were further analysed by GO. The 13 selected genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR in 16 stage I PTC patients and by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The relationship interactions between DEGs were analysed by protein-protein interaction networks and chromosome localizations. Finally, four newly discovered genes, COMP, COL3A1, ZAP70, and CD247, were found to be related with PTC clinical phenotypes, and were confirmed by Spearman’s correlation analyses in TCGA database. These four DEGs might be promising biomarkers for early-stage PTC, and provide an experimental foundation for further exploration of the pathogenesis of early-stage PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Department of Endoerinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Meijun Chen
- Department of Endoerinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Boxuan Gong
- Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tianwei Zhuang
- Department of Endoerinology and Metabolism, Mu danjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mu danjiang, 157000, China
| | - Lingyu Liang
- Internal medicine, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054001, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Endoerinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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15
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Azouzi N, Cailloux J, Cazarin JM, Knauf JA, Cracchiolo J, Al Ghuzlan A, Hartl D, Polak M, Carré A, El Mzibri M, Filali-Maltouf A, Al Bouzidi A, Schlumberger M, Fagin JA, Ameziane-El-Hassani R, Dupuy C. NADPH Oxidase NOX4 Is a Critical Mediator of BRAF V600E-Induced Downregulation of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:864-877. [PMID: 27401113 PMCID: PMC5444494 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The BRAFV600E oncogene, reported in 40%-60% of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), has an important role in the pathogenesis of PTC. It is associated with the loss of thyroid iodide-metabolizing genes, such as sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), and therefore with radioiodine refractoriness. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, constitutively activated by BRAFV600E, is not always efficient in resistant tumors suggesting that other compensatory mechanisms contribute to a BRAFV600E adaptive resistance. Recent studies pointed to a key role of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in BRAFV600E-induced effects. The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating NADPH oxidase NOX4, which is increased in PTC, has been identified as a new key effector of TGF-β in cancer, suggestive of a potential role in BRAFV600E-induced thyroid tumors. RESULTS Here, using two human BRAFV600E-mutated thyroid cell lines and a rat thyroid cell line expressing BRAFV600E in a conditional manner, we show that NOX4 upregulation is controlled at the transcriptional level by the oncogene via the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Importantly, treatment of cells with NOX4-targeted siRNA downregulates BRAFV600E-induced NIS repression. Innovation and Conclusion: Our results establish a link between BRAFV600E and NOX4, which is confirmed by a comparative analysis of NOX4 expression in human (TCGA) and mouse thyroid cancers. Remarkably, analysis of human and murine BRAFV600E-mutated thyroid tumors highlights that the level of NOX4 expression is inversely correlated to thyroid differentiation suggesting that other genes involved in thyroid differentiation in addition to NIS might be silenced by a mechanism controlled by NOX4-derived ROS. This study opens a new opportunity to optimize thyroid cancer therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 864-877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naïma Azouzi
- 1 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France .,2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France .,3 Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France .,4 Unité de Biologie et Recherche Médicale, Centre National de l'Energie , des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jérémy Cailloux
- 1 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France .,2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France .,3 Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Juliana M Cazarin
- 1 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France .,2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France .,3 Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France .,5 Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey A Knauf
- 6 Department of Medicine and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Cracchiolo
- 6 Department of Medicine and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- 1 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France .,2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France .,3 Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Dana Hartl
- 2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
| | - Michel Polak
- 7 INSERM U1016 , Paris, France .,8 Imagine Institute , Paris, France .,9 Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades , AP-HP, Paris, France .,10 Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France
| | - Aurore Carré
- 7 INSERM U1016 , Paris, France .,8 Imagine Institute , Paris, France
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- 4 Unité de Biologie et Recherche Médicale, Centre National de l'Energie , des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- 11 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Al Bouzidi
- 12 Equipe de recherche en pathologie tumorale, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Martin Schlumberger
- 1 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France .,2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France .,3 Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - James A Fagin
- 6 Department of Medicine and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Rabii Ameziane-El-Hassani
- 1 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France .,2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France .,4 Unité de Biologie et Recherche Médicale, Centre National de l'Energie , des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- 1 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France .,2 Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France .,3 Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
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16
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Shen Y, Mao H, Huang M, Chen L, Chen J, Cai Z, Wang Y, Xu N. Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in the Thyroid Gland of Two Phenotypically Extreme Pig Breeds Using Ribo-Zero RNA Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7070034. [PMID: 27409639 PMCID: PMC4962004 DOI: 10.3390/genes7070034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ modulating development, growth, and metabolism, mainly by controlling the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (THs). However, little is known about the pig thyroid transcriptome. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression and play critical roles in many cellular processes. Yorkshire pigs have a higher growth rate but lower fat deposition than that of Jinhua pigs, and thus, these species are ideal models for studying growth and lipid metabolism. This study revealed higher levels of THs in the serum of Yorkshire pigs than in the serum of Jinhua pigs. By using Ribo-zero RNA sequencing—which can capture both polyA and non-polyA transcripts—the thyroid transcriptome of both breeds were analyzed and 22,435 known mRNAs were found to be expressed in the pig thyroid. In addition, 1189 novel mRNAs and 1018 candidate lncRNA transcripts were detected. Multiple TH-synthesis-related genes were identified among the 455 differentially-expressed known mRNAs, 37 novel mRNAs, and 52 lncRNA transcripts. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that differentially-expressed genes were enriched in the microtubule-based process, which contributes to THs secretion. Moreover, integrating analysis predicted 13 potential lncRNA-mRNA gene pairs. These data expanded the repertoire of porcine lncRNAs and mRNAs and contribute to understanding the possible molecular mechanisms involved in animal growth and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Shen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haiguang Mao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Minjie Huang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lixing Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiucheng Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Zhenjiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Ningying Xu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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17
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Kuo LT, Lu HY, Lee CC, Tsai JC, Lai HS, Tseng HM, Kuo MF, Tu YK. Multiplexed methylation profiles of tumor suppressor genes and clinical outcome in oligodendroglial tumors. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1830-9. [PMID: 27367901 PMCID: PMC4971911 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation has been associated with transcriptional inactivation of tumor‐related genes in a wide spectrum of human neoplasms. The influence of DNA methylation in oligodendroglial tumors is not fully understood. Genomic DNA was isolated from 61 oligodendroglial tumors for analysis of methylation using methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assay (MS‐MLPA). We correlated methylation status with clinicopathological findings and outcome. The genes found to be most frequently methylated in oligodendroglial tumors were RASSF1A (80.3%), CASP8 (70.5%), and CDKN2A (52.5%). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated longer duration of progression‐free survival in patients with 19q loss, aged less than 38 years, and with a proliferative index of less than 5%. Methylation of the ESR1 promoter is significantly associated with shorter duration of overall survival and progression‐free survival, and that methylation of IGSF4 and RASSF1A is significantly associated with shorter duration of progression‐free survival. However, none of the methylation status of ESR1, IGSF4, and RASSF1A was of prognostic value for survival in a multivariate Cox model. A number of novel and interesting epigenetic alterations were identified in this study. The findings highlight the importance of methylation profiles in oligodendroglial tumors and their possible involvement in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yi Lu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin county, 640, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin branch, Yun-Lin county, 640, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chang Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ham-Min Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fai Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Kwang Tu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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18
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Jiang L, Chu H, Zheng H. B-Raf mutation and papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2699-2705. [PMID: 27073540 PMCID: PMC4812206 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasm globally. In the majority of thyroid carcinoma cases, a positive prognosis is predicted following administration of the appropriate treatment. A wide range of genetic alterations present in thyroid carcinoma exert their oncogenic actions partially through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, with the B-Raf mutation in particular being focused on by experts for decades. The B-Raf gene has numerous mutations, however, V600E presents with the highest frequency. It is believed that the existence of the V600E mutation may demonstrate an association with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, however, inconsistencies remain in the literature. A number of explanatory theories have been presented in order to resolve these discrepancies. Recently, it has been suggested that the V600E mutation may function as a target in a novel approach that may aid the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma, with a number of vying methods put forward to that effect. The current review aims to assist researchers in further understanding the possible association between B-Raf mutations and thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Haidi Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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19
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Stephen JK, Chen KM, Merritt J, Chitale D, Divine G, Worsham MJ. Methylation Markers for Early Detection and Differentiation of Follicular Thyroid Cancer Subtypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4:1-12. [PMID: 27158284 PMCID: PMC4859763 DOI: 10.5539/cco.v4n2p1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has the fastest rising incidence rates and is the fifth most common cancer in women. There are four main types of which the papillary and follicular types together account for >90%, followed by medullary cancers (3%−5%) and anaplastic carcinomas (<3%). For individuals who present with early stage disease of papillary and follicular cancers, there are no accurate markers to predict whether they will develop metastatic or recurrent disease. Our immediate goal is to molecularly differentiate follicular cancer subtypes for enhanced classification. Promoter methylation status of genes with reported associations in thyroid cancer (CASP8, CDKN2A, DAPK1, ESR1, NIS, RASSF1 and TIMP3) were examined in a cohort of follicular thyroid cancers comprising of 26 Hurthle and 27 Classic subtypes utilizing quantitative methylation-specific PCR. RASSF1 was differentially methylated in Classic tumor tissue compared to Hurthle (p<0.001). Methylation of RASSF1 pointed to racial group differences between African Americans and Caucasian Americans (p=0.05). Extra thyroidal extension was found to be associated with DAPK1 (p=0.014) and ESR1 (p=0.036) methylation. Late stage disease was associated with older age (p<0.001) and methylation of DAPK1 (p=0.034) and ESR1 (p=0.035). The methylation status of RASSF1, DAPK1 and ESR1 suggests the utility of methylation markers to molecularly differentiate thyroid cancer subtypes for enhanced classification and early detection of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josena K Stephen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Kang Mei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Jason Merritt
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Dhananjay Chitale
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - George Divine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202USA
| | - Maria J Worsham
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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20
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Chang H, Shin BK, Kim A, Kim HK, Kim BH. DNA methylation analysis for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules - a pilot study with reference toBRAFV600Emutation and cytopathology results. Cytopathology 2015; 27:122-30. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Chang
- Department of Pathology; Korea University Guro Hospital; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - B. K. Shin
- Department of Pathology; Korea University Guro Hospital; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - A. Kim
- Department of Pathology; Korea University Guro Hospital; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - H. K. Kim
- Department of Pathology; Korea University Guro Hospital; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - B. H. Kim
- Department of Pathology; Korea University Guro Hospital; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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21
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Faam B, Ghaffari MA, Ghadiri A, Azizi F. Epigenetic modifications in human thyroid cancer. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:3-8. [PMID: 25469237 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy of the endocrine organs, and its incidence rate has steadily increased over the last decade. Over 95% of thyroid carcinoma is derived from follicular cells that have a spectrum of differentiation to the most invasive malignancy. The molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer remains to be clarified, although activating the RET, RAS and BRAF oncogenes have been well characterized. Increasing evidence from previous studies demonstrates that acquired epigenetic abnormalities participating with genetic alteration results in altered patterns of gene expression/function. Aberrant DNA methylation has been established in the CpG regions and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile recognized in cancer development. In the present review, a literature review was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed with the terms 'epigenetic patterns in thyroid cancer [or papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC)]', 'DNA methylation in thyroid cancer (or PTC, FTC, MTC, ATC)', 'miRNA expression in thyroid cancer (or PTC, FTC, MTC, ATC)', 'epigenetic patterns in cancer' and the current understanding of epigenetic patterns in thyroid cancer was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Faam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Galrão AL, Camargo RY, Friguglietti CU, Moraes L, Cerutti JM, Serrano-Nascimento C, Suzuki MF, Medeiros-Neto G, Rubio IGS. Hypermethylation of a New Distal Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS) enhancer (NDE) is associated with reduced NIS expression in thyroid tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E944-52. [PMID: 24432988 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In thyroid tumors, reduced radioiodine uptake is associated with worse patient outcome concomitantly with low sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA expression. Previous studies showed that CpG-island methylation in the NIS proximal promoter does not correlate with mRNA expression. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify new CpG-islands within the NIS 5'region and investigate the involvement of their methylation in NIS expression. DESIGN DNA was obtained from 30 pairs of thyroid samples: tumor (T) and surrounding nontumor (NT) samples. All T samples had reduced NIS mRNA expression compared to NT samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Methylation degree was quantified by bisulfite sequencing, and NIS expression by real-time PCR and Western blot. Reporter gene assays were performed to determine CpG-island functionality. Tumor cell cultures were treated with 5-Aza demethylating agent to determine NIS expression, methylation status, and (125)I uptake. RESULTS We identified a new CpG-island2 with 14 CpG sites, located -2152/-1887 relative to ATG site. CpG-island2 was hypermethylated in T compared to NT samples, in both benign and malignant tumor groups. There was a significant inverse correlation between NIS mRNA expression and degree of CpG-island2 methylation in NT and T samples. This sequence increased the expression of a reporter gene; thus, it was considered a new enhancer. Cell culture treatments with 5-Aza reduced CpG-island2 methylation levels concomitantly with restoration of NIS mRNA and protein expression and (125)I uptake. CONCLUSIONS We identified a new distal enhancer, NIS distal enhancer, that regulates gene expression through DNA methylation. This enhancer is hypermethylated in T compared to NT samples and is associated with decreased NIS expression in tumors. This epigenetic deregulation may be an early event in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Galrão
- Thyroid Unit (A.L.G., R.Y.C., G.M.-N.), Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Laboratory, LIM-25, University of São Paulo Medical School (FM-USP), 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil; Head and Neck Surgery of Santa Catarina Hospital (C.U.F.), 01310-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory (L.M., J.M.C.), Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics (C.S.-N.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology (M.F.S.), Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences (I.G.S.R.), UNIFESP, 09972-270 São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Tao J, Liu Q, Wu X, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Luo C. Identification of hypermethylation in hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule gene promoter region in bladder carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1860-7. [PMID: 24324362 PMCID: PMC3856376 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation such as aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter plays a key role in tumorigenesis. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) which is a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation can reverse the abnormal hypermethylation of the silenced tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). It has been reported that hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM) acts as a tumor suppressor gene and expression of its mRNA and protein were down-regulated in bladder cancer. Over-expression of hepaCAM can inhibit cancer growth and arrest renal cancer cells at G0/G1 phase. In this study, we investigated the methylation status of hepaCAM gene, as well as the influence of 5-aza-CdR on expression of hepaCAM gene in bladder cancer cells. METHODS CpG islands in hepaCAM promoter and methprimers were predicted and designed using bioinformatics program. Methylation status of hepaCAM promoter was evaluated in bladder cancer tissues and two cell lines (T24 and BIU-87) by Methylation-specific PCR; Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to detect expression of hepaCAM protein after 5-aza-CdR treatment; Flow cytometry assay was performed to determine effectiveness of 5-aza-CdR on cell cycle profile. RESULTS CpG island in promoter of hepaCAM gene was hyper-methylated both in bladder carcinoma tissues and cell lines (T24 and BIU-87). Otherwise, aberrant methylation of its promoter was associated with its decreased expression. Hypermethylation of hepaCAM gene was reversed and expression of its mRNA and protein were re-activated in two cell lines by DNA methyltransferases inhibitor 5-aza-CdR. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that 5-aza-CdR can inhibit growth of cancer cells by arresting cancer cells at G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSION Abnormal hypermethylation in CpG island of hepaCAM promoter is involved in absence of hepaCAM gene expression when bladder cancer occurs. Re-activation of hepaCAM gene by 5-aza-CdR can inhibit growth of cancer cells and arrest cells at G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tao
- 1. Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Qi Liu
- 1. Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- 2. Department of Urinary Surgery, First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xin Xu
- 1. Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yanyi Zhang
- 1. Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- 1. Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chunli Luo
- 1. Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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24
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Yin DT, Wu W, Li M, Wang QE, Li H, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xing M. DKK3 is a potential tumor suppressor gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:507-14. [PMID: 23702469 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the Dickkopf homolog 3 (DKK3) gene is downregulated in some human cancers, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role of this gene. The role and regulation of DKK3 in thyroid cancer have not been examined. In this study, we explored the relationship of promoter methylation with the inactivation of DKK3 and tumor behaviors in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We used methylation-specific PCR and RT-PCR to examine the promoter methylation and expression of DKK3 and tumor characteristics. We found mRNA expression of DKK3 in 44.9% of the PTC tissue samples vs 100% of the matched normal thyroid tissue samples (P<0.01). In contrast, an opposite distribution pattern of DKK3 gene methylation was observed; specifically, 38.8% of the PTC tissue samples vs 0% of the matched normal thyroid tissue samples harbored DKK3 methylation. An inverse correlation between the promoter methylation and mRNA expression of DKK3 in PTC tissue samples was also observed. Moreover, we also found an inverse correlation between DKK3 expression and some aggressive pathological characteristics of PTC, including high TNM stages and lymph node metastasis, but a positive correlation between DKK3 promoter hypermethylation and pathological aggressiveness of the tumor. Treatment of the PTC cell line TPC-1 with the demethylating agent 5-azaC reduced DKK3 promoter methylation and enhanced its expression, establishing functionally the impact of DKK3 methylation on its expression. Our data thus for the first time demonstrate that the DKK3 gene is a potential tumor suppressor gene in thyroid cancer and that aberrant promoter methylation is an important mechanism for its downregulation, which may play a role in the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-tao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Rodríguez-Rodero S, Fernández AF, Fernández-Morera JL, Castro-Santos P, Bayon GF, Ferrero C, Urdinguio RG, Gonzalez-Marquez R, Suarez C, Fernández-Vega I, Fresno Forcelledo MF, Martínez-Camblor P, Mancikova V, Castelblanco E, Perez M, Marrón PI, Mendiola M, Hardisson D, Santisteban P, Riesco-Eizaguirre G, Matías-Guiu X, Carnero A, Robledo M, Delgado-Álvarez E, Menéndez-Torre E, Fraga MF. DNA methylation signatures identify biologically distinct thyroid cancer subtypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2811-21. [PMID: 23666970 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the global patterns of aberrant DNA methylation in thyroid cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have used DNA methylation arrays to determine, for the first time, the genome-wide promoter methylation status of papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid tumors. RESULTS We identified 262 and 352 hypermethylated and 13 and 21 hypomethylated genes in differentiated papillary and follicular tumors, respectively. Interestingly, the other tumor types analyzed displayed more hypomethylated genes (280 in anaplastic and 393 in medullary tumors) than aberrantly hypermethylated genes (86 in anaplastic and 131 in medullary tumors). Among the genes indentified, we show that 4 potential tumor suppressor genes (ADAMTS8, HOXB4, ZIC1, and KISS1R) and 4 potential oncogenes (INSL4, DPPA2, TCL1B, and NOTCH4) are frequently regulated by aberrant methylation in primary thyroid tumors. In addition, we show that aberrant promoter hypomethylation-associated overexpression of MAP17 might promote tumor growth in thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid cancer subtypes present differential promoter methylation signatures, and nondifferentiated subtypes are characterized by aberrant promoter hypomethylation rather than hypermethylation. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential clinical interest of the tumor subtype-specific DNA methylation signatures described herein and the role of aberrant promoter hypomethylation in nondifferentiated thyroid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- DNA Methylation
- Down-Regulation
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tissue Banks
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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26
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Galrão AL, Sodré AK, Camargo RY, Friguglietti CU, Kulcsar MA, Lima EU, Medeiros-Neto G, Rubio IGS. Methylation levels of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) promoter in benign and malignant thyroid tumors with reduced NIS expression. Endocrine 2013; 43:225-9. [PMID: 22945693 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation regulates gene expression. Aberrant methylation plays an important role in human tumorigenesis. We have previously detected reduced NIS mRNA expression in thyroid tumors as compared to non-tumor tissues. Thus, in this study we investigated whether the methylation of the CpG-island located in the NIS gene promoter was associated with reduced mRNA expression in thyroid tumors. Methylation levels of 30 pairs of samples from 10 benign and 20 malignant thyroid tumors (T) along with matched non-tumor (NT) areas were determined by semiquantitative methylation specific-PCR. NIS methylation was detected in all samples. Methylation levels and frequencies did not differ between the groups and were not associated with BRAF mutational status. Highest methylation levels and frequencies were detected in the 5' region of the CpG-island decreasing toward the 3' end. Intraindividual analysis (T versus NT) showed high tumor methylation levels in 40 % of the samples in the benign group and 30 % in the malignant group, associated with low NIS mRNA expression. No quantitative correlation was detected between methylation levels and mRNA expression in any the groups. The results of this study showed that methylation of NIS promoter is a very frequent event in both benign and malignant tumors as well as in their surrounding tissues, and characterized a non-homogeneous methylation pattern along the CpG island. Therefore, further investigations involving other sites that may be implicated in methylation regulation of NIS expression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Galrão
- Thyroid Unit, Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Laboratory, LIM-25, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Pula B, Domoslawski P, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Role of metallothioneins in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Thyroid Res 2012; 5:26. [PMID: 23273222 PMCID: PMC3544669 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-5-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in the past two decades have brought many insights into the biology of thyroid benign and malignant lesions, in particular the papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Although, much progress have been made, thyroid cancers still pose diagnostic problems regarding differentiation of follicular lesions in relation to their aggressiveness and the treatment of advanced and undifferentiated thyroid cancers. Metallothioneins (MTs) were shown to induce cancer cells proliferation, mediate resistance to apoptosis, certain chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. Therefore, MTs may be of utility in diagnosis and management of patients with benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pula
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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28
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Ozdemir S, Silan F, Hasbek Z, Uludag A, Atik S, Erselcan T, Ozdemir O. Increased T-allele frequency of 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:780-4. [PMID: 22536880 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations in the global DNA methylation status may be associated with an increased risk of some cancer types in humans. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is involved in folic acid metabolism and plays an essential role in inherited DNA methylation profiles. The common 677 C>T and 1298 A>C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene cause the production of a thermolabile enzyme with reduced function and, eventually, genomic DNA hypomethylation. The current preliminary study was designed to determine the association between germ-line polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). METHODS In the current case-control study of 60 thyroid carcinomas (TC); 45 papillary TC, 9 follicular TC, and 6 DTC of an uncertain malignant potential were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood with EDTA, genotyped by a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS An elevated 2.33-fold risk was observed for DTC in individuals with the 677TT genotype when compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-3.58). Current DTC patients showed similar results as a control group for the 1298 A>C allele. No significant risk was detected for the homozygous 1298CC genotype (CC vs. AA or AC) (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.73-2.29). CONCLUSION The current results are supportive of the hypothesis that the homozygous MTHFR 677TT genotype increases the risk factor of developing thyroid cancer, and further large-scale studies are needed to validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Ozdemir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
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29
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Stuppia L, Antonucci I, Palka G, Gatta V. Use of the MLPA assay in the molecular diagnosis of gene copy number alterations in human genetic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3245-3276. [PMID: 22489151 PMCID: PMC3317712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay is a recently developed technique able to evidence variations in the copy number of several human genes. Due to this ability, MLPA can be used in the molecular diagnosis of several genetic diseases whose pathogenesis is related to the presence of deletions or duplications of specific genes. Moreover, MLPA assay can also be used in the molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases characterized by the presence of abnormal DNA methylation. Due to the large number of genes that can be analyzed by a single technique, MLPA assay represents the gold standard for molecular analysis of all pathologies derived from the presence of gene copy number variation. In this review, the main applications of the MLPA technique for the molecular diagnosis of human diseases are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Giandomenico Palka
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Oral Sciences, Nano and Biotechnologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (I.A.); (G.P.); (V.G.)
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