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Ferdinandov D, Kostov V, Hadzhieva M, Shivarov V, Petrov P, Bussarsky A, Pashov AD. Reactivity Graph Yields Interpretable IgM Repertoire Signatures as Potential Tumor Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032597. [PMID: 36768923 PMCID: PMC9917253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining adaptive and innate immunity induction modes, the repertoire of immunoglobulin M (IgM) can reflect changes in the internal environment including malignancies. Previously, it was shown that a mimotope library reflecting the public IgM repertoire of healthy donors (IgM IgOme) can be mined for efficient probes of tumor biomarker antibody reactivities. To better explore the interpretability of this approach for IgM, solid tumor-related profiles of IgM reactivities to linear epitopes of actual tumor antigens and viral epitopes were studied. The probes were designed as oriented planar microarrays of 4526 peptide sequences (as overlapping 15-mers) derived from 24 tumor-associated antigens and 209 cancer-related B cell epitopes from 30 viral antigens. The IgM reactivity in sera from 21 patients with glioblastoma multiforme, brain metastases of other tumors, and non-tumor-bearing neurosurgery patients was thus probed in a proof-of-principle study. A graph representation of the binding data was developed, which mapped the cross-reactivity of the mixture of IgM (poly)specificities, delineating different antibody footprints in the features of the graph-neighborhoods and cliques. The reactivity graph mapped the major features of the IgM repertoire such as the magnitude of the reactivity (titer) and major cross-reactivities, which correlated with blood group reactivity, non-self recognition, and even idiotypic specificities. A correlation between an aspect of this image of the IgM IgOme, namely, small cliques reflecting rare self-reactivities and the capacity of subsets of the epitopes to separate the diagnostic groups studied was found. In this way, the graph representation helped the feature selection in its filtering step and provided reduced feature sets, which, after recursive feature elimination, produced a classifier containing 51 peptide reactivities separating the three diagnostic groups with an unexpected efficiency. Thus, IgM IgOme approaches to repertoire studies is greatly augmented when self/viral antigens are used and the data are represented as a reactivity graph. This approach is most general, and if it is applicable to tumors in immunologically privileged sites, it can be applied to any solid tumors, for instance, breast or lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Kostov
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Hadzhieva
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Shivarov
- Department of Experimental Research, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Peter Petrov
- Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Assen Bussarsky
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Dimitrov Pashov
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
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Pashov A, Murali R, Makhoul I, Karbassi B, Kieber-Emmons T. Harnessing Antibody Polyspecificity for Cancer Immunotherapy. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2022; 41:290-300. [PMID: 36306515 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the diverse glycan repertoire expressed on tumor cells is considered a viable therapeutic strategy to deal with tumor cell heterogeneity. Inherently polyspecific, natural, glycan-reactive antibodies are purported to be protective in thwarting infections and in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are related to pathogen glycans, to which nascent or natural antibodies exist and IgM responses are elicited. To capture the polyspecific nature of anticarbohydrate responses, we have focused on the rational design of carbohydrate mimetic peptides (CMPs) cross-reactive with TACA reactive antibodies. In particular, we have focused on the development of CMPs that display reactivity to GD2 and Lewis Y (LeY) reactive monoclonal antibodies. They would serve as templates for pan-immunogens inducing biosimilar polyreactive antibodies. In the design, we relied on structural analyses of CMP's enhanced binding to the templates using molecular modeling. Glycan reactivity patterns of affinity CMP-purified human antibodies further refined specificity profiles in comparison with the immune response to the CMP in clinical trials. In this study, we further define the molecular characteristics for this mimicry by considering the polyspecificity of LeY and GD2 reactive antibodies binding to the lacto-ceramide core Galβ(1,4)Glcβ(1-1')Cer. Binding to this minimum building block can be capitalized on for cancer therapy and diagnostics and illustrates a new approach in designing cancer vaccines taking advantage of the latent polyspecificity of antibodies and the relevance of natural antibodies in antigen discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Pashov
- Department of Immunology, Stephan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Winthrop P. Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Behjatolah Karbassi
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Winthrop P. Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Winthrop P. Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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3
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Kohler H, Pashov A, Kieber-Emmons T. The Promise of Anti-idiotype Revisited. Front Immunol 2019; 10:808. [PMID: 31031777 PMCID: PMC6474207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The promise of idiotype-based therapeutics has been disappointing forcing a new look at the concept and its potential to generate an effective approach for immunotherapy. Here, the idiotype network theory is revisited with regard to the development of efficacious anti-idiotype vaccines. The experience of polyclonal anti-Idiotype reagents in animal models as well as an understanding of the immune response in humans lends to the proposition that polyclonal anti-Idiotype vaccines will be more effective compared to monoclonal-based anti-Idiotype vaccines. This novel strategy can be adapted in Biotech-standard production of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Kohler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anastas Pashov
- Stephan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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4
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Pashov A, Hernandez Puente CV, Ibrahim SM, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Makhoul I, Kieber-Emmons T. Thinking Cancer. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:117-125. [PMID: 29939836 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theories are necessarily invoked for understanding cancer development at the level of species, at the level of cells and tissues, and for developing effective therapies. It is crucial to view cancer in a Darwinian light, where the differential survival of individual cells is based on heritable variations. In the process of this somatic evolution, multicellularity controls are overridden by cancer cells, which become increasingly autonomous. Ecological epigenetics also helps understand how rogue cells that have basically the same DNA as their normal cell counterpart overcome the tissue homeostasis. As we struggle to wrap our minds around the complexity of these phenomena, we apply often times anthropomorphic terms, such as subversion, hijacking, or hacking, to describe especially the most complex among them-the interaction of tumors with the immune system. In this commentary we highlight examples of the anthropomorphic thinking of cancer and try to put into context the relative meaning of terms and the mechanisms that are oftentimes invoked to justify those terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Pashov
- 1 Stephan Angelov Institute of Microbiology , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Issam Makhoul
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 5 Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Makhoul I, Atiq M, Alwbari A, Kieber-Emmons T. Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: An Update. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 12:1178223418774802. [PMID: 29899661 PMCID: PMC5985550 DOI: 10.1177/1178223418774802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays a major role in cancer surveillance. Harnessing its power to treat many cancers is now a reality that has led to cures in hopeless situations where no other solutions were available from traditional anticancer drugs. These spectacular achievements rekindled the oncology community's interest in extending the benefits to all cancers including breast cancer. The first section of this article reviews the biological foundations of the immune response to different subtypes of breast cancer and the ways cancer may overcome the immune attack leading to cancer disease. The second section is dedicated to the actual immune treatments including breast cancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and the "unconventional" immune role of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Makhoul
- Divisions of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mohammad Atiq
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ahmed Alwbari
- Divisions of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Khasbiullina NR, Shilova NV, Navakouski ME, Nokel AY, Knirel YA, Blixt O, Bovin NV. Repertoire of Abs primed by bacteria in gnotobiotic mice. Innate Immun 2018; 24:180-187. [PMID: 29546786 PMCID: PMC6852387 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918763524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity natural Abs (NAbs) execute a number of functions, including protection and surveillance. Despite active research, the stimuli that induce the formation of NAbs are still described only hypothetically. Here, we compared repertoires of anti-glycan Abs in the peripheral blood of mice that received per os various bacteria. The repertoires of Abs of mice primed in this way were compared using a microarray that included about 350 glycans, as well as 150 bacterial polysaccharides. Sterile mice did not possess anti-glycan Abs. Oral inoculation of a single strain or combination of two to four strains of bacteria, as well as putting the animals on short-term nutrition with non-sterile food, did not contribute significantly to the formation of Abs, whereas a single gavage of digested food of non-sterile mice induced the formation of a repertoire close to the natural ones. Interestingly, the priming with polysaccharide Ags (in a composition of the bacterial cell envelope), that is, dominant Ags of bacteria, led to the induction of Abs against typical glycans of mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids (e.g. Abs of the ABH blood group system) that do not have a structural similarity to the polysaccharides. The results support the importance of early contact with a naïve immune system with microorganisms of the environment to form a normal NAbs repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailia R Khasbiullina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Maxim E Navakouski
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Nokel
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Yuri A Knirel
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Ola Blixt
- University of Copenhagen, Department of
Chemistry, Denmark
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Auckland University of Technology, New
Zealand
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7
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Targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens: a phase I study of a carbohydrate mimetic-peptide vaccine in stage IV breast cancer subjects. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99161-99178. [PMID: 29228761 PMCID: PMC5716801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) support cell survival that could be interrupted by anti-TACA antibodies. Among TACAs that mediate cell survival signals are the neolactoseries antigen Lewis Y (LeY) and the ganglioside GD2. To induce sustained immunity against both LeY and GD2, we developed a carbohydrate mimicking peptide (CMP) as a surrogate pan-immunogen that mimics both. This CMP, referred to as P10s, is the N-terminal half of a peptide vaccine named P10s-PADRE, the C-terminal half of which (PADRE) is a Pan-T-cell epitope. A Phase I dose-escalation trial of P10s-PADRE plus adjuvant MONTANIDE™ ISA 51 VG was conducted in subjects with metastatic breast cancer to test 300 and 500 μg/injection in two cohorts of 3 subjects each. Doses of the P10s-PADRE vaccine were administered to research participants subcutaneously on weeks 1, 2, 3, 7 and 19. Antibody responses to P10s, GD2, and LeY were measured by ELISA. The P10s-PADRE vaccine induced antibodies specifically reactive with P10s, LeY and GD2 in all 6 subjects. Serum antibodies displayed Caspase-3-dependent apoptotic functionality against LeY or GD2 expressing breast cancer cell lines. Immunization with the P10s-PADRE vaccine was well-tolerated and induced functional antibodies, and the data suggest potential clinical benefit.
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8
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Kieber-Emmons T, Makhoul I, Pennisi A, Siegel ER, Emanuel PD, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Steplewski Z, Beck JT, Hutchins LF. Managing Expectations in the Transition to Proof of Concept Studies. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2017; 12:111-123. [PMID: 28325150 PMCID: PMC9252264 DOI: 10.2174/1574887112666170321121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As we move away from the traditional chemotherapy era to targeted therapy, the validity of old assessment paradigms associated with therapeutics are being raised in the context of immunotherapy. The old paradigm required elaborating on the toxicity assessment, with no expectation of efficacy in early phase trials. Safety data from Phase 1 and 2 studies with many immunotherapeutics show limited toxicities and draw attention to the need to demonstrate efficacy in the early evaluation of new agents. METHODS Literature searches indicate that molecular oncology mechanistic-based agents are being linked with molecular disease status and clinical benefit. Biomarkers and other endpoints are being employed to accomplish this. Perspectives for a meaningful context of integrating biomarkers and clinical trial design are reviewed. RESULTS The design and conduct of clinical trials have not been fully adjusted to the new era of personalized oncology, and so we are in transition. A part of this transition is the management of expectations and trial designs that need to be considered relative to preclinical experience in the development of therapeutics. For example, pathological complete response is now considered a surrogate marker for favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients who are treated in the neoadjuvant setting. This surrogate marker is tied to novel agents' mechanistic characteristics with no preclinical counterpart. CONCLUSION The old paradigm considers patients equal with similar chances to respond to treatments, but the new paradigm considers patient's heterogeneity, a major fact that informs the design of clinical trials. By linking every treatment to a mechanism of action and to the presence of a specific biomarker, new trials are going to have more subjects who are likely to respond to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
| | - Angela Pennisi
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
| | - Peter D. Emanuel
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
| | - Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
| | | | | | - Laura F. Hutchins
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA
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9
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Khasbiullina NR, Bovin NV. Hypotheses of the origin of natural antibodies: a glycobiologist's opinion. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:820-35. [PMID: 26541997 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the generation of antibodies proceeds due to immunization of an organism by alien antigens, and the level and affinity of antibodies are directly correlated to the presence of immunogen. At the same time, vast experimental material has been obtained providing evidence of antibodies whose level remains unchanged and affinity is constant during a lifetime. In contrast to the first, adaptive immunoglobulins, the latter are named natural antibodies (nAbs). The nAbs are produced by B1 cells, whereas adaptive Abs are produced by B2. This review summarizes general data on nAbs and presents in more detail data on antigens of carbohydrate origin. Hypotheses on the origin of nAbs and their activation mechanisms are discussed. We present our thoughts on this matter supported by our experimental data on nAbs to glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Khasbiullina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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Díaz-Zaragoza M, Hernández-Ávila R, Govezensky T, Mendoza L, Meneses-Ruíz DM, Ostoa-Saloma P. Comparison patterns of 4 T1 antigens recognized by humoral immune response mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies in female and male mice with breast cancer using 2D-immnunoblots. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1050-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pol J, Bloy N, Buqué A, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Sautès-Fridman C, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Peptide-based anticancer vaccines. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e974411. [PMID: 26137405 PMCID: PMC4485775 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.974411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells express antigens that can be harnessed to elicit anticancer immune responses. One approach to achieve such goal consists in the administration of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or peptides thereof as recombinant proteins in the presence of adequate adjuvants. Throughout the past decade, peptide vaccines have been shown to mediate antineoplastic effects in various murine tumor models, especially when administered in the context of potent immunostimulatory regimens. In spite of multiple limitations, first of all the fact that anticancer vaccines are often employed as therapeutic (rather than prophylactic) agents, this immunotherapeutic paradigm has been intensively investigated in clinical scenarios, with promising results. Currently, both experimentalists and clinicians are focusing their efforts on the identification of so-called tumor rejection antigens, i.e., TAAs that can elicit an immune response leading to disease eradication, as well as to combinatorial immunostimulatory interventions with superior adjuvant activity in patients. Here, we summarize the latest advances in the development of peptide vaccines for cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- CMP, carbohydrate-mimetic peptide
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- IDH1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble
- IDO1, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1
- IFNα, interferon α
- IL-2, interleukin-2
- MUC1, mucin 1
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- PADRE, pan-DR binding peptide epitope
- PPV, personalized peptide vaccination
- SLP, synthetic long peptide
- TAA, tumor-associated antigen
- TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TRA, tumor rejection antigen
- WT1
- carbohydrate-mimetic peptides
- immune checkpoint blockers
- immunostimulatory cytokines
- survivin
- synthetic long peptides
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- INSERM; U970; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM; U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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Makhoul I, Hutchins L, Emanuel PD, Pennisi A, Siegel E, Jousheghany F, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Kieber-Emmons T. Moving a Carbohydrate Mimetic Peptide into the clinic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 11:37-44. [PMID: 25483513 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs) are broad-spectrum targets for immunotherapy. Immunization with Carbohydrate Mimetic Peptides (CMPs) is a strategy to induce broad-spectrum TACA-reactive antibodies hypothesized to interfere with cellular pathways involved in tumor cell survival. A Phase I study was conducted with a first-in-man CMP referred to as P10s, conjugated to the Pan T cell carrier PADRE, along with MONTANIDE(™) ISA 51 VG as adjuvant over a course of 5 immunizations. While designed as a safety and tolerability study, the potential for therapeutic impact was observed in a subject with metastatic lesions as evaluated before and after vaccine treatment. The subject received Vinorelbine and Trastuzumab (VT) for two months prior to study eligibility. PET scans showed partial response in the lungs and complete resolution of a previously enlarged subpectoral lymph node. Immunization with P10s vaccine resulted in responses to P10s, with serum and plasma antibodies reactive with and cytotoxic to human breast cancer cells in vitro, including the Trastuzumab-resistant HCC1954 cell line. However, the patient developed cystic masses in the brain parenchyma with no apparent evidence of metastases. The subject was switched to Docetaxel, Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab a year later, and her last PET scan showed a complete response in the lungs and lymph nodes. Incubation of cancer cells with a combination of vaccine-induced serum and docetaxel suggests that the induced antibodies sensitize tumor cells for more efficient killing upon administration of docetaxel. The data suggest that P10s-PADRE induces anti-tumor antibody response that in combination with chemotherapy can affect metastatic lesions in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Makhoul
- a Departments of Medicine; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock, AR USA
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Kieber-Emmons T, Saha S, Pashov A, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Murali R. Carbohydrate-mimetic peptides for pan anti-tumor responses. Front Immunol 2014; 5:308. [PMID: 25071769 PMCID: PMC4075079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mimicry is fundamental to biology and transcends to many disciplines ranging from immune pathology to drug design. Structural characterization of molecular partners has provided insight into the origins and relative importance of complementarity in mimicry. Chemical complementarity is easy to understand; amino acid sequence similarity between peptides, for example, can lead to cross-reactivity triggering similar reactivity from their cognate receptors. However, conformational complementarity is difficult to decipher. Molecular mimicry of carbohydrates by peptides is often considered one of those. Extensive studies of innate and adaptive immune responses suggests the existence of carbohydrate mimicry, but the structural basis for this mimicry yields confounding details; peptides mimicking carbohydrates in some cases fail to exhibit both chemical and conformational mimicry. Deconvolution of these two types of complementarity in mimicry and its relationship to biological function can nevertheless lead to new therapeutics. Here, we discuss our experience examining the immunological aspects and implications of carbohydrate-peptide mimicry. Emphasis is placed on the rationale, the lessons learned from the methodologies to identify mimics, a perspective on the limitations of structural analysis, the biological consequences of mimicking tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, and the notion of reverse engineering to develop carbohydrate-mimetic peptides in vaccine design strategies to induce responses to glycan antigens expressed on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Pathology and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Somdutta Saha
- Department of Pathology and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Anastas Pashov
- Stephan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- Department of Pathology and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Monzavi-Karbassi B, Pashov A, Kieber-Emmons T. Tumor-Associated Glycans and Immune Surveillance. Vaccines (Basel) 2013; 1:174-203. [PMID: 26343966 PMCID: PMC4515579 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines1020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell surface glycosylation are a hallmark of the transition from normal to inflamed and neoplastic tissue. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) challenge our understanding of immune tolerance, while functioning as immune targets that bridge innate immune surveillance and adaptive antitumor immunity in clinical applications. T-cells, being a part of the adaptive immune response, are the most popular component of the immune system considered for targeting tumor cells. However, for TACAs, T-cells take a back seat to antibodies and natural killer cells as first-line innate defense mechanisms. Here, we briefly highlight the rationale associated with the relative importance of the immune surveillance machinery that might be applicable for developing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Anastas Pashov
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, BAS, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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